PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify an adequate chest compression site with measurement of the sternal length of young Korean adults. METHODS: We measured the distance from the suprasternal notch to the lower end of the sternum by palpation and width of heel above the carpal bone end 1 cm (H1), 2 cm (H2) in young Korean adults. We also measured weight, height, and BMI of participants. We then compared correlation of each collected variant to sternal length and heel length. RESULTS: A total of 200 young adults (100 men, 100 women) were enrolled. In measurement of the mean sternal length (SL), no difference was observed between men (19.9 cm) and women (19.6 cm) (p<0.05). However, height, weight, and BMI showed positive correlation with SL (R2 value, BMI=6.7, height=9.2, weight=10.4). After participants were divided into four groups based on gender and mean height, we calculated mean H2 and SL/2 of each group. The mean H2 and SL/2 of the group composed of men above mean height was 8.5 cm and 10.2 cm. The same value for the group of men below mean height was 8.5 cm and 9.7 cm. The mean H2 and SL/2 of the group composed of women above mean height was 7.5 cm and 10.1 cm. The same values for the group of women below mean height were 7.3 cm and 9.6 cm. The mean SL/2 was always higher than the mean H2 in different height groups. CONCLUSION: Compression just above the lower end of the sternum by heel on the hand is appropriate in men. In contrast, when performing chest compression in women, chest compression at the level of the sternum away from the width of the index finger of the sternal end is recommended.
Adult* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Carpal Bones ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Male ; Palpation ; Sternum ; Thorax* ; Young Adult

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes and safety profiles of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT)+abiraterone/prednisone with those of ADT+docetaxel in patients with de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Materials and Methods: A web-based database system was established to collect prospective cohort data for patients with mHSPC in Korea. From May 2019 to November 2022, 928 patients with mHSPC from 15 institutions were enrolled. Among these patients, data from 122 patients who received ADT+abiraterone/prednisone or ADT+docetaxel as the primary systemic treatment for mHSPC were collected. The patients were divided into two groups: ADT+abiraterone/prednisone group (n=102) and ADT+docetaxel group (n=20). We compared the demographic characteristics, medical histories, baseline cancer status, initial laboratory tests, metastatic burden, oncological outcomes for mHSPC, progression after mHSPC treatment, adverse effects, follow-up, and survival data between the two groups. Results: No significant differences in the demographic characteristics, medical histories, metastatic burden, and baseline cancer status were observed between the two groups. The ADT+abiraterone/prednisone group had a lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression rate (7.8% vs. 30.0%; p=0.011) and lower systemic treatment discontinuation rate (22.5% vs. 45.0%; p=0.037). No significant differences in adverse effects, oncological outcomes, and total follow-up period were observed between the two groups. Conclusions ADT+abiraterone/prednisone had lower PSA progression and systemic treatment discontinuation rates than ADT+docetaxel. In conclusion, further studies involving larger, double-blinded randomized trials with extended follow-up periods are necessary.