No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Quality of Life*

No abstract available.
Bleomycin* ; Lymphangioma, Cystic*

It is known that CD28, a positive costimulatory receptor, plays a very important role in inducing the optimal stimulation of T lymphocytes. CTLA-4 (CD152), however, acts as a negative regulator in T lymphocyte activation. The effect of an feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection on the expression of feline CD28 and CTLA-4 was studied with FIV-infected and uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using a competitive PCR assay. The nature of CD28 and CTLA-4 expression was also examined with fresh and antigen-stimulated PBMC. FIV infection induced a lower expression of CD28, but a higher expression of CTLA-4 in the infected PBMC than in the uninfected PBMC. Relatively high levels of CD28 expression were demonstrated in both the fresh and the antigen-stimulated PBMC. The expression level of CTLA-4 in the freshly isolated PBMC was rather low, however, FIV antigen stimulation induced a relatively high expression of CTLA-4 in feline PBMC.
Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, Differentiation/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, Viral/*immunology ; Cats ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/immunology/*physiology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology/*virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary

Twenty-six cases of Colles fracture were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation under C-arm field and then wrist was immobilized by sugar tong splint and then short arm splint from Jan. 1982 to Dec. 1985 at the department of orthopaedic surgery of St. Benedict hospital. A prospective study was made and evaluated under the subjective and objective criteria of Gartland and Werley, and the objective criteria of Scheck. The result of this study were as follow: 1. The incidence of Colles fracture was highest in 3rd decade(26.9%) and 7th decade(23.1%) respectively. In the 3rd decade the reason for the highest incidence was the job-related accident during the productive age and they were male patients. 2. The main cause of the injury was falling accident comprising of 53.8% and the male to female ratio was about equal. 3. Among the 26 cases treated with the percutaneous K-wire fixation, the result was satisfactory in 92.2% but was unsatisfactory in one case with severe comminuted fracture. 4. The percutaneous K-wire fixation for Colles fracture had less complication and more advantages such as the early disappearance of edema by early exercies, the early returning of range of motion of joint to normal, and the comfortable cast immobilization in neutral position of wrist. 5. The percutaneous K-wire fixation for Colles fracture was applicable to the concept that the anatomical reduction and maintenance would lead to the improvement of the joint function. 6. The percutaneous K-wire fixation for Colles fracture was indicated when neurologic sign developed after reduction of fracture by classic methord and when the exercise of joint was required in the old age. 7. When the articular surface of the radius was severely comminuted and the distal radius became severely osteoporotic, the result from the use of percutaneous K-wire fixation was also poor. In this case we considered the use of an external fixator.
Accidental Falls ; Arm ; Clinical Study ; Colles' Fracture ; Edema ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Joints ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prospective Studies ; Radius ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Splints ; Wrist

Loss of radial nerve function in the hand results in a significant disability and so cannot extend the wrist, thumb & fingers according to the injury levels. Therefore the patient has great difficulty in grasping objects, especially power grip. Tendon transfers to restore function of extension of wrist and fingers are among the the best − most predictable transfers in the upper extremity. We performed 13 cases of tendon transfers for radial nerve palsy and extensive extensor ruptures from 1987 to 1993. The results were evaluated according to Arbitrary Value Method. Among 13 cases 30% of excellent, 46% of good, 24% of fair and no poor result were obtained and the better results were obtatined in low radial nerve lesion.
Fingers ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Methods ; Paralysis ; Radial Nerve ; Radial Neuropathy ; Rupture ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons ; Thumb ; Upper Extremity ; Wrist

Staging of carcinoma of the urinary bladder is important for the choice of therapy and also has prognostic implications. Hitherto the staging has been based upon cystoscopy with bio psy, transurethral resection , and palpation with complementary radiographic examlnations such as cystography, urography, lymphangiography, ultrasound and angiography. However, with all these methods, the staging of bladder carcinomas still uncertain and inferior to CT. Authors analyzed CT staging of bladder cancers and compared with pathologic staging of laparotomy results. The results are as follows: 1. Overall accuracy of CT staging in bladder carcinoma was 72 percent. 2. Overstaging was 20 percent (5/25) and understaging was 8 percent (2/25). 3. All of CT stage B cancers were proven to be stage B, pathologlcally. 4. In 6 cases of CT stagec cancers,only one was correct,3 were overstaged and 2 were understaged. 5. In 7 cases of CT stage D cancers, 5 were correct and 2 were overstaged. 6. CT detected only 2 cases of pelvic Iymph node involvement in 4 of pathologically proven Iymphadenopathy.
Angiography ; Cystoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Lymphography ; Palpation ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

PURPOSE: We evaluated the ability of endo-rectal coil MRI (ER-MRI) to predict the local pathological stage of prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy and compared the results with those of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ER-MRI using high field magnets (1.5 Tesla) were performed in 22 patients (mean age 62.8 years, range 51-73) with clinically localized prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. Of the 22 patients, 17 patients were also assessed by TRUS. The results of the imaging techniques were compared with the post-operative histopathological findings. As one patient with pelvic lymph node metastasis, which was detected on frozen-section examination during surgery, was spared radical prostatectomy, the final evaluation included 21 patients. RESULTS: DSeven of the 21 patients (33%) were found to have extraprostatic extension (EPE), and 5 had seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing EPE using ER-MRI were 62.5% and 84.6%, respectively, and 16.7% and 100% with TRUS. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SVI were 80.0% and 93.8%, respectively with ER-MRI, and 0% and 92.3% with TRUS. The accuracy of predicting SVI was 90.5% with ER-MRI compared to 70.6% with TRUS. CONCLUSIONS: ER-MRI was significantly better than TRUS for determining the local extent of prostatic cancer and for prediction of SVI in the preoperative staging of clinically localized prostate cancer.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Seminal Vesicles ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Twins, Monozygotic*