Group totalling 55 young rabbits (both sexes), whose right optic nerves had been severed intraorbitally, were fed for 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks respectively. The retina of the left eye was used as a control and that of the right eye for the experiment. The histochemical changes of cholinesterase, acid phosphatase and ribonucleic acid in the reitna after to severance of the optic nerve were observed for 8 weeks after section. In the retina of the young rabbit, whose visual connection to the central nervous system was blocked, there was a decreasing specific cholinesterase activity beginning at the 4th week after the section of it. By the 8th week, the enzyme activity in the perikaryon of the ganglion cell and the inner plexiform layer was considerably decreased. Acid phosphatase activity in the young rabbit's retina peaked at the 2nd week, but decreaseed below normal after the 4th week. This rapid decline of acid phosphatase activity was characteristic in the experimental retinae and was in contrast to the rather slow alteration of enzymatic activity in neurons undergoing wallerian degeneration. Pyroninophilic granules contained in neural cytoplasm of the retina were affected by the surgical blocking of the visual connection with the central nervous system. By the 4th week the granules had partially disappeared from the perikaryon of the ganglion cell and from the inner nuclear layer. Consequently, as the result of histochemical studies, firstly it is postulated that the gradual decline of specific cholinesterase activity in the rabbit's retina was closely related to the intraorbital blocking of the optic nerve, and secondly, that the typical degeneration of the ganglion cell in the ganglion cell layer (which was associated with a partial disappearance of the ganglion cell) was related to the changes in the acid phosphatase activity and alteration of the pyroninophilic granules in the retina following optic nerve transection.
Acid Phosphatase/metabolism* ; Animal ; Cholinesterases/metabolism* ; Histocytochemistry ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/enzymology ; Optic Nerve/surgery* ; Rabbits ; Retina/enzymology* ; Substances: ; Cholinesterases ; Acid Phosphatase

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Tongue*

No abstract available.
Blood Vessels* ; Spleen*

Quantitative morphological or histological features within the hepatic acinus were studied to determine the proportional difference of tissue components by regions or zones in different ages in the male albino rat of the Sprague-Dawley strain. In the newborn rat, weighing about 6 gm. there were lesser cytoplasmic and greater nuclear volumes per unit volume of the hepatic cell than for these components of the hepatic cells of the adult rat weighing about 160 gm. No difference between the volume occupied by the hepatic sinusoid per unit volume of the hepatic acinus was found. In the newborn rat the ratio of hits on cytoplasm of the hepatic cell to hits on nuclei of the hepatic cell throughout the zones of the hepatic acinus was fairly uniform. However, the hepatic sinusoid of Zone 3 or the pericentral area was wider than that of the other zones. In the adult rat the ratio of hits on cytoplasm to hits on nuclei of the hepatic cell throughout the zones of the hepatic acinus was not significantly different. However, the hepatic sinusoid of Zone 3was wider than that of Zone 2 and the sinusoid of Zone 3 was not significantly different from that of Zone 1 in volume. Consequently it was concluded that the quantitative morphological or histological features of hepatic tissue components conformed to the points of regions or zones of the hepatic acinus in different ages in the normal albino rat.
Age Factors ; Animal ; Animals, Newborn/analysis ; Cell Nucleus ; Cytoplasm ; Human ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/cytology* ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Rats

Morphological effects of degranulation upon me-senteric mast cells of albino rats (SPrague-Dawley strain) by means of lipid administration were studied. An evident degranulation of metachromatic granules from mesenteric tissue mast cells was observed in more than half of experimental rats which were intraperitoneally given 10cc of stearic monoglyceride suspension in warm Tyrode solution (5Omg. of stearic monoglyceride in 10cc of Tyrode solution). A fairly light degranulation of metachro-matic granules from mesenteric mast cells was also displayed by the rats fed ad libitum with butter for 6 hours after being deprived of food for 24 hours.
Animals ; Cytoplasmic Granules/*drug effects ; Lipids/*pharmacology ; Mast Cells/*drug effects ; Mesentery/cytology ; Rats

The hepatic structural and functional unit of the mouse was demonstrated by the relative enzymatic activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the hepatic parenchyma, empIoying the method for succinic dehydrogenase of Nachlas et al. (1957), using Nitro-BT to frozen sections of about 1O micra. In the hepatic structure of the mouse, three different geometricaI areas were classified: the perivascular area of the portal stem, which continued into the preter- minal portal branch; the area of the preterminal portal vein, and the area of the terminal portal twig, this being considered to be the real functional unit, which extends into the neighbouring hepatic lobule according to the pattern of distribution or activity of succinic dehydrogenase. The hepatic parenchyma, which showed strong succinic dehydrogenase activity, was considered to correspond with the heavily loaded parenchymal area with mitochondria, according to the previous observa-tions of hepatic mitochondria in the mouse, as presented by the author (1961). The periphera1 areas or zones, including the pericentral area around a central vein, of the real functional hepatic unit, which was described by Rappaport et al. (1954) and others, showed less activity of succinic dehydrogenase, and the perivascular areas of branches of the hepatic vein reacted weakly. Acknowledgments: This work was carried out With the help of grants from the Research Committee Of Yonsei University College of Medicine and With a supply of chemicals from the China Medical Board. I wish to thank Dr. K. D. Choi, Department of Anatomy for helpful encouragement.
Animals ; China ; Financing, Organized ; Frozen Sections ; Hepatic Veins ; Liver* ; Mice* ; Mitochondria ; Nitroblue Tetrazolium ; Portal Vein ; Succinate Dehydrogenase* ; Veins

The authors studied histochemically the enzymatic sites of retinal cholinesterase activity in the albino rabbit during different early postnatal periods. The retinae of young rabbits weighing approximately 60gm. whose palpebrae were still fused and unable to function for sight, and of rabbits weighing approximately 300gm. which were able to see, were obtained immediately after killing the animals by the intravenous injection of air or by decapitation and fixed in formalin-sucrose ammonia fixative, as recommended by Pearson (1963), for about 24 hours and incubated in the substrate containing acetylthiocholine, iodide, as presented by Gerebtzoff (1953), at 37degrees C. for 2 to 3 hours. After the treatment of the retinae, as devised by Koelle and Friedenwald (1950), the retinae were sectioned at 5 micra and mounted both without counterstaining and after counterstaining with hematoxylin alone. In young rabbits weighing approximately 60gm., moderate cholinesterase activity was observed only in the ganglion cells of the retinae and slight enzymatic activity was faintly apparent in the layer of the optic nerve fibers. No enzymatic activity was recognized in the remaining layers of the retinae. In rabbits weighing approximately 300gm. the retinae showed different enzymatic distribution compared to the former. The cholinesterase activity was diversely distributed compared to the former and was localized in the inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, and the ganglion cells showing moderate to slight activity.

The pathological changes of the gastric rumen produced by rocking stress in 38 young male albino rats fed on low protein diet for a short period and in 20 young male albino rats fed on low protein diet only as the control rats, were investigated macroscopically and histologically. The ulcerative lesions of the gastric rumen were observed in 17 out of 38 experimental rats accompanied with hyperplasia and cornification of the ruminal epithelial layer and more or less edematous changes of the tunica propria near the ulcer site. The authors, finding of the ruminal ulcer in albino rats produced by rocking stress associated with feeding on a low protein diet for a short period were compared with the results of others. The authors discussed other opinions concerning of the gastric ruminal ulcer of the albino rats produced in various ways.
Animal ; Male ; Protein Deficiency/complications* ; Rats ; Rumen* ; Stomach Ulcer/etiology* ; Stomach Ulcer/pathology ; Stress*

Although the glands of von Ebner have been believed to be purely serous glands, they may be of the mixed type in some cases. In order to ascertain the occurrence of mucous cells in the glands and to study the staining properties of them, the authors obtained 23 vallate papillae from 7 Korean adult tongues, cut them serially and stained them with the hematoxylin and eosin, mucicarmine, mucihematein, toluidin blue or ferric mannitol technic. Observing numerous glands of von Ebner opening into the furrows of 23 vallate papillae, the authors found 9 glandular lobules of the mixed type belonging to 8 Vallate papillae (2 lobules out of 9 belonged to one papilla). The mucous cells in the mixed glandular lobules of the glands showed mucin reactions with mucicarmine and mucihematein, and revealed a typical metachromatism by toluidin blue and safranin O.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

The hepatic structural and functional unit of the mouse was demonstrated by quantitative distribution of mitochondria in preparations which were cut serially 5 micra thick after embedding in paraffin and stained with Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin. In the hepatic structure of the mouse there were three different geometrical areas: the perivascular area of the portal stem, which continued to the preterminal portal branch, of the preterminal vein and of the terminal portal twig, which were considered to be the real functional unit and extended into the neighbouring hepatic lobules. Mitochondria of the hepatic cells were contained in the perivascular portion adjacent to the portal vessels and were deposited less toward the peripheral portion of the portal vessels. The pericentral area of the central vein in the hepatic lobule or the structural unit, and the perivascular area of the sublobular vein corresponded to the peripheral zone of the actual functional unit described above.
Mice ; Animals