No abstract available.
Fruit* ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVES: Early diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation is important to ensure optimal monitoring and delivery with the introduction of real-time and Doppler ultrasound systems, a noninvasive method of measuring human fetal blood flow has become available. The aim of this study is to compare blood flow velocity waveforms at the fetal descending aorta and umbilical artery in normal and in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension. METHODS: Using a combination of linear array real-time and pulsed Doppler ultrasound, blood flow velocity measurements were carried out at the fetal descending aorta and umbilical artery in 35 normal pregnancies and 18 cases of pregnancy induced hypertensive patients. RESULTS: The mean systolic/diastolic ratio of umbilical artery and aorta was significantly higher in PIH patients than in normal pregnancies(3.8 +/- 0.81 versus 2.97 +/- 0.52, p<0.05) and to predict perinatal morbidity, umbilical velocimetry is more sensitive than that of descending thoracic aorta. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that umbilical artery velocimetry could be used as a marker to predict adverse perinatal outcome.
Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Pregnancy ; Rheology* ; Ultrasonography ; Umbilical Arteries

OBJECTIVE: Although the use of cytology in screening has reduced morbidity and mortality from invasive cervical cancer, there has been limitation because of the low sensitivity and high false negative rate in the detection of preclinical or clinical disease of the cervix. This study was performed to explore the usefulness of Hybrid Capture System HPV DNA test as a diagnostic method of the cervical cancer. METHODS: Cervical cytology and Hybrid Capture System 1 (HCS1) HPV DNA test were performed in 1,023 women who visited Gynecologic Oncology Clinic in Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center. HPV DNA were retested by HCS1, HCS2 and Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR), in randomly selected 200 women to compare these DNA tests. RESULTS: While the sensitivity and specificity of cervical cytology in detection of cervical lesion were 71.2% and 89.5%, those of HCS1 HPV DNA test were 63.0% and 86.9% respectively. There was significant difference in detection of cervical precancerous lesions between HCS1 and HCS2 (P<0.05), but not between HCS2 and PCR (P=0.14). And the sensitivity and specificity were improved with combining cytology and HCS1 HPV DNA test(82.2%, 86.9%~). CONCLUSION: HCS HPV DNA test may be considered as a useful adjunctive test with cervical cytology in cervical cancer screening.
Academic Medical Centers ; Cervix Uteri ; DNA ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Mortality ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVE: To measure gynecologic resources required to care for women who have unscheduled vaginal bleeding while using hormone replacement therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1996 to December 1998, women presenting with abnormal withdrawal bleeding on HRT were identified and associated clinic visits and gynecologic procedures were recorded during a mean follow-up of 2 years. RESULTS: Among women using cyclic HRT, 28.9% had> OR =1 visit for unscheduled vaginal bleeding 8.7% had> OR =1 endometrial biopsy. Among women using continuous combined HRT, 19.3% had> OR =1 visit for unscheduled vaginal bleeding and 6.4% had> OR =1 endometrial biopsy. The gynecologic procedures used in women using cyclic HRT were 20% of reassurance, 50% of ultrasonograpy, 30% of endometrial biopsy and in women using continuous combined HRT were 50% of reassurance, 16.6% of ultrasonograpy, 33.3% of endometrial biopsy. The results of endometrial biopsy were reported all the benign condition. CONCLUSION(S): Unscheduled vaginal bleeding markedly decreased after 12 months of therapy in women using continuous combined HRT but did not decline among those using cyclic HRT.
Ambulatory Care ; Biopsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Uterine Hemorrhage*

Uterine artery ligation or embolization is a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of symptomatic leiomyoma. However, the experience with pregnancy management and outcome after ablating uterine blood flow is still unknown. We have recently experienced a case of a woman who had two successful spontaneous intrauterine pregnancies after laparoscopic uterine artery ligation to treat uterine myoma for dysmenorrhea and menometrorrhagia.
Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Ligation* ; Myoma ; Pregnancy* ; Uterine Artery*

The addition of a monthly course of progesterone decrease the incidence of endometrialhyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. The progesterones used in hormonal replacementtherapy(HRT) differ markedly in their progesteronic, androgenic and even estrogenicactivities. These characteristics may influence both symptomatic and metabolic side effects.The purpose of this study was to examine effect of bone and lipid metabolism inpostmenopausal women treated with conjugated equine estrogens plus dydrogesterone.A total 131 postmenopausal women(surgical menopause=95, natural menopause=36)and not-treated postmenopausal women(control=22) were invited to participate in thisstudy. Patients were divided into groups which had received conjugated equine estrogen(CEE)0.625 mg/day 21-day-cycle each month(n=20), CEE 0.625 mg/day plus Dydrogesterone 10mg/day 10-day-cycle each month(n=111), and no treatment control group(n=20).Serum lipid and lipoprotein(Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, Lowdensity lipoprotein) and serum osteocalcin, urinary Deoxypyridinoline were examined in allpatients.There were no significant differences in bone and lipid metabolism between CEE andCEE plus Dydrogesterone groups.In conclusion, Dydrogesterone may be used safely in postmenopausal women withoutMetabolic side effect.
Cholesterol ; Dydrogesterone* ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism* ; Osteocalcin ; Progesterone

CA-125 is an antigenic determinant expressed by more than 80% epithelial ovarian cancer. Although developed for use in the diagnosis and monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer, elevations of CA-125 concentrations can also be associated with some normal physiologic conditions, various other malignancies and benign conditions. Adnexal cysts are frequently encountered during the reproductive years. 10 to 35% of benign cystic adnexal masses may be an endometrioma. Because endometriomas are not likely to resolve spontaneously, and may enlarge or rupture during period of observation, a test to detect an endometrioma would assist in the evaluation and management of adnexal cysts. Serum CA-125 concentration is seldom >100 U/ml in endometriosis. We reported a patient with endometrioma presenting with a very high CA-125 concentration, which may confuse diagnosis with ovarian cancer.
Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Rupture

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is an unusual variant of gestational trophoblastic tumor that is closely related to choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) but shows different morphologic, immunohistochemical features. ETT grows in a nodular pattern compared with the infiltrative pattern of PSTT. Histologically the tumor is characterized by uniform population of mononucleate intermediate trophoblastic cells that resemble the trophoblastic cells in the chorionic laeve, so we called them "chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast". Immunohistochemically ETT was positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen(EMA) and staining for human placental lactogen (hPL) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) was generally patchy, focal or negative whereas PSTT contained more hPL-positive cells than hCG-positive cells. ETT can behave in a malignant fashion such as distant metastasis. We experienced a case of ETT by clinical result, pathologic finding, so we report a case with brief literature review.
Choriocarcinoma ; Chorion ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Membranes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Placental Lactogen ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms* ; Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site ; Trophoblasts*

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the patterns of menstruation including menorrhagia using menstrual index, to find out correlations between patient's own judgement and actual patterns of menstruation in Korean women, and to develop the menstrual diary using menstrual index as a screening of menstrual disorders. METHODS: Seventy-seven women teachers of elementary school undergoing routine health screening test were asked to complete a pictorial blood loss assessment chart and a set of interview sheets regarding menstrual history and their subjective judgement on their amount of menstruation. Spearman correlation test was used to assess the correlation between menstrual index which was obtained from pictorial chart and serum hemoglobin concentration. RESULTS: The mean menstrual intervals were 29.8 days (SD+/-5.1), the mean menstrual duration was 5.6 days (SD+/-1.3), the mean value of menstrual index was 170.3 (SD+/-89.2) which varied from 12 to 411, the mean serum hemoglobin concentration was 12.3 g/dL. Significant correlation was found between the serum hemoglobin concentration and the menstrual index (r=-0.29, p=0.01). Seventeen of 20 women who had anemia (serum hemoglobin concentration below 12.0 g/dL) and 25 of 26 women who had menorrhagia (menstrual index above 200) considered her menstruation as 'normal'. CONCLUSION: Many women who have anemia due to menorrhagia are not aware of the serious consequences of menorrhagia. Writing a 'menstrual diary' using menstrual index would be easier and more practical method in predicting menorrhagia.
Anemia ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Menorrhagia ; Menstruation ; Writing