Sixty one cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were studied immunohistochemically for expression of HLA-DR and secretory component(SC) in order to analyze the relationship between expression of these in gastric cancer cells and the adjacent mucosa. Immunostaining was detected within the cytoplasm and on the cell memgrane. The rate of HLA-DR and SC expressions in cancer cells were 59.0% and 49.2%, respectively, and 52.5%/52.5% and 31.2%/50.8% the mucosa in adjacent/remote from the site of to cancer. The SC expression in the adjacent mucosa was lower than that of the remote mucosa(p=0.027). The HLA-DR expression in the cancer cells in the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma(73.9%) was higher than that of the diffuse type(14.3%) and it was statistically significant(p=0.02). The presence of an increased amount of lymphoid infiltration in the gastric mucosa was closely related to the expression of HLA-DR and SC. Decreased or absent expression of SC at the transitional mucosal cells was possibly a result of exposure to genotoxic agents due to the lack of protective function of SC-IgA. From these results, one can postulate that the expression of HLA-DR and SC may play an important role in atleration in microenvironment with lymphoid infiltration.
Adenocarcinoma ; Stomach Neoplasms

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's nutrient intakes by school lunch. Evaluation of nutrient intakes by school lunch for three days was conducted with 86 children in urban and 64 children in rural of Jeonbuk area. The results of this study were as follows. 1) With respect to amounts of provided nutrients in school lunch, CPF (carbohydrate : protein : fat) energy ratio was 48.6 : 19.7 : 31.6 in urban and was 46.7 : 20.5 : 32.7 in rural. Compared to 1/3 RDA (RDA) of children for 10-12 years, folic acid and zinc were provided below 50 % of RDA. Protein, fat, phosphorus, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E were provided above 125 % of RDA. There were no differences in amounts of provided nutrients-except calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, folic acid and zinc-between urban and rural. 2) With respect to amounts of nutrient intakes, CPF energy ratio was 51.1 : 17.4 : 31.5 in urban and 47.5 : 19.7 : 32.7 in rural. Compared to RDA, folic and zinc were below 50 % of RDA. Iron and vitamin B6 were below 75 % of RDA. Protein, fat, phosphorus and vitamin E were above 125 % of RDA. There were significant differences in nutrient intakes between urban and rural. The children in rural showed higher levels of nutrient intakes-energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, vitamins and folic acid-compared to those of children in urban. These results suggest that programs are needed for providing adequate nutrient intakes for children in school lunch and for improving nutrient intakes of children in urban.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Iron ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Lunch* ; Niacin ; Phosphorus ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc

BACKGROUND: There are highly-polymorphic DNA markers in the human genomic DNA, known as the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR). The VNTR markers can be used to evaluate the engraftment of stem cells. We evaluated the discrimination power of 3 types of long-tandem repeat (LTR) and tried to predict underlying disease relapses by DNA chimerism. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients were transplanted with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) and their related donors were tested. We used the three long-tandem repeats (LTR) D1S80, D1S111, and YNZ22 for VNTR-PCR. The informative test was performed before transplantation. The chimerism analysis was performed on days +30, +60, +90, and +180 after transplantation. RESULTS: The most informative marker was D1S80 with 55.2% discrimination potential. The power of discrimination was 79.3% in the combination of 3 LTRs. Twenty-two cases were tested for DNA chimerism analysis. When the complete chimerism was represented, the engraftment was more successful and when the mixed chimerism was represented, the underlying disease relapse rate increased. CONCLUSTIONS: DNA chimerism analysis was useful to evaluate the marrow status of patients. It also served as an indication for donor lymphocyte infusion. However, compared to unrelated allogenic PBSCT, the discrimination potential for the combination of 3 LTR loci was lower in the related allogenic PBSCT. Therefore, it is thought that additional short-tandem repeats and DNA sequencing are required for more discrimination power especially in related transplantation cases.
Bone Marrow ; Chimerism ; Discrimination (Psychology)* ; DNA ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Recurrence ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stem Cells* ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Meningocele*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of middle school students' recognition of food and nutrition part in Home Economics by gender, school location and school type. The study was carried out through questionnaire about three category: perception (interests, practical usefulness, attitude change in food behavior), difficulty (nutrition and health in adolescence, balanced diet, principle of cooking and preparing food), necessity (nutrition and health in adolescence, balanced diet, principle of cooking and preparing food). The subjects were 1014 middle school students of 1st grade in Jeonbuk area; urban 334, suburban 339 and rural 341. The results of this study were as follows. 1) There was difference in 'interests' by gender (girls > boys), school location (urban, suburban > rural) and school type (coeducation > boys, girls). There were differences in 'practical usefulness' by school location (urban > rural) and in 'attitude change in food behavior' by school location (urban > suburban > rural) and school type (boys, girls > coeducation). 2) There was difference in difficulty in section of 'nutrition and health in adolescence' by school location (suburban > rural). There were no differences in section of 'balanced diet' by gender, school location and school type. But there were differences in section of 'principle of cooking and preparing food' by school location (urban, rural > suburban)and school type (coeducation > boys). 3) There were differences in necessity for 'balanced diet' and for 'principle of cooking and preparing food' by school location (urban, suburban > rural) and school type (coeducation > boys, girls). Characteristically, the boys had more necessity for 'nutrition and health in adolescence' and for 'balanced diet' than girls but girls had more necessity for 'principle of cooking and preparing food' than boys. It suggests that gender, school type and school location should be considered for an effective and practical curriculum of food and nutrition part in Home Economics.
Adolescent ; Cooking ; Curriculum ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do

PURPOSE: Early gastric cancer (EGC) is defined as gastric cancer confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of lymph node (LN) metastasis. LN metastasis is the most important factor in the treatment of EGC. If LN metastasis is predicted before or during surgery, function preserving surgery, such as endoscopic mucosal resection, laparoscopic partial gastrectomy, and pylorus preserving gastrectomy, without radical LN dissection, can be applied. This study was undertaken to determine the factors affecting LN metastasis and to aid in planning therapeutic approaches for such patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 1, 203 patients with EGC, who had undergoing a gastrectomy, with lymphadectomy, between 1990 and 2003 at the Keimyung University, Dongsan Medical Center. We analyzed tumor size, depth of invasion, macroscopic, and histologic types and lymph node metastasis using preoperative endoscopy and radiological findings. RESULTS: The incidence of EGC of all gastric cancer has increased annually. Of the 1, 203 patients, 54.2% and 45.8% had mucosal and submucosal cancers, respectively. The incidences of LN metastasis were 4.0% and 23.0% in mucosal and submucosal cancers, respectively. There was no LN metastasis in mucosal cancer, with a tumor size of less than 1 cm (0/169). In the elevated and flat types, the size of the tumors were between 1 and 2 cm, and there was no LN metastasis (0/40), (0/28), but with the depressed type there was an LN metastasis rate of 6.1%. In the well differentiated type, there were 0.5 (1/193) and 12.9% (11/85) LN metastasis in the mucosal and submucosal cancers, respectively. CONCLUSION: A gastrectomy without LN dissection can be applied for EGC less than 1 cm in size and to all well differentiated types of mucosal cancer. Also, it can be applied to elevated and flat EGC types less than 2 and 1 cm in size in mucosal cancer and less than 1 cm sized in submucosal cancers, respectively. A conventional gastrectomy, with LN dissection, is recommended in other EGC types.
Endoscopy ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pylorus ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data in the literature regarding aspirin resistance. This study evaluated the effect of biochemical aspirin resistance on initial stroke severity in acute stroke patients who had taken aspirin. METHODS: We reviewed acute ischemic stroke patients who were already on aspirin. Biochemical aspirin resistance was defined as an aspirin reaction unit score of > or =550, as evidenced by the VerifyNow-Aspirin assay, which was performed after 4 days of continuous aspirin medication. Initial stroke severity was evaluated using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at day 4, which were dichotomized into mild (0-7) and severe (> or =8). Modified Rankin Scale scores were determined at 3 months. The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) were assessed on initial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). We examined the relationships between biochemical aspirin resistance and initial stroke severity. RESULTS: Nine of 106 patients (8.5%) had biochemical aspirin resistance. The initial stroke severity was significantly associated with DWI-ASPECTS (p<0.001), initial C-reactive protein level (p=0.005), biochemical aspirin resistance (p=0.009), and stenosis or occlusion of the relevant artery (p=0.029). Multivariate analysis showed that biochemical aspirin resistance [odds ratio (OR), 15.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.49-93.31; p=0.003] and initial C-reactive protein level (per 1 mg/dL; OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.47-4.00; p=0.001) were independently associated with initial stroke severity (NIHSS score > or =8). However, biochemical aspirin resistance was not associated with clinical outcome at 3 months (p=0.366). CONCLUSIONS: Biochemical aspirin resistance was independently associated with initial stroke severity. This suggests that detection of biochemical aspirin resistance in acute ischemic stroke is useful when choosing the optimal treatment.
Alberta ; Arteries ; Aspirin ; C-Reactive Protein ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Cerebral Infarction ; Headache Disorders, Primary ; Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Vasoconstriction

The present study was conducted to evaluate nutritional intake by lunch-box of middle school girls who live in Chonbuk area. Anthropometric measurements and food intake from lunch-box over a three day period were investigated in a total of 110 middle school girls from rural (n = 37) and urban (n = 73) areas. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Not all the steamed rice in the lunch-box had enough mixed-cereal. 2. In the survey of food intake by food groups, 70.5% of the food came from the cereal group. 3. The intake of protein, phosphate, Vitamins B1 and B2, niacine and Vitamin E were adequate, however, the intake of other nutrients was significantly lower than those of one-third of the Korean RDA. 4. Protein, lipid, and zinc intakes of the students from the rural area were significantly lower than those of students from the urban area, however, the carbohydrate and dietary fiber intakes of those in the rural area were significantly higher than those of the students in the urban area. 5. The percentage of calories from carbohydrate : protein : lipid ratio was 67.6 : 12.2 : 16.9 for students in the rural area and 59.2 : 14.9 : 22.5 respectively for those in the urban area. In Summary, the intake of calcium, iron, Vitamins A, B6, and D, folate and zinc from lunch-box in middle school girls was much lower than that of one-third of the Korean RDA. The intake of carbohydrate and dietary fiber of the students in the rural area was significantly higher, but that of protein, lipids, and zinc was lower than that of the students in the urban area. Therefore, nutritional education programs for both students and their parents should be provided to improve the daily food intake from lunch-box.
Calcium ; Edible Grain ; Dietary Fiber ; Eating ; Education ; Female* ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Iron ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Niacin ; Parents ; Steam ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc

A l9-year-old boy was admitted because of progressive spastic quadriparesis and bulbar palsy which developed from 3 years ago. The results of all performed laboratory tests were normal, but neuroradiologic tests revealed intracerebral calcification and degeneration of oilateral pyramidal tracts. Idiopathic familial intracerebral calcification was rarely occurred and presented usually with various extrapyramidal and cortical symptoms. Mild pyramidal symptoms were also associated in some reported cases, but none of them showed predominant spasticity as well as suspicious pyramidal tract degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging.
Bulbar Palsy, Progressive ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscle Spasticity ; Pyramidal Tracts* ; Quadriplegia