The prognosis of transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary bladder is related to histopathologic parameters, among which the clinical stage and histopathologic grade are most important prognostic determiantors. Recently the immunohistochemical assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and nucleolar organizer region number(AgNORs) can obtain the PCNA, and AgNORs stainings were studied in 55 the sequential biopsies of 22 recurrent TCCs of the urinary bladder. 6 cases showed the increased changes of grade, of which 5 cases was independently to the change of grade. The AgNORs in 18 cases showed increase in 10 cases. The comparison between PCNA count and AgNORs score according to grade was performed in the changes between grade II and III, both PCNA count and AgNORs score were increased with in crease of grade. However, The change of the PCNA count was stastically significant, but not AgNORs score.
Biopsy

Congenial mitral stenosis may be defined as a develpment abnormality of the mitral valve leaflets,commissures, interchordal spaces, papillary muscle,s annulus or immediate supravalvular area producing obstructionto left ventricular filling. Authors had experience of nine cases of congenital mitral stenosis confirmed by twodimenstional echocardiography, angiocardiography and surgery in recent 5 years since 1979, and analyzed them withemphasis on the angiographic findings. The results are as follows; 1. Among 9 cases, 6 patients were male and 3 were female. Age distribution was from 4 months to 11 years. 2. The types of congenital mitral stenosis were 1typical congenital mitral stenosis, 5 cases of parachute mitral valve and 3 cases of supramitral ring. 3. Angiographically typical congenital mitral stenosis showed narrowing of mitral valvular opening, parachute mitralvalve displayed single large papillary muscle with narrowed valvular opening and supramitral ring disclosedsemilunar shaped filling defect between left atrium and ventricle. 4. Associated cardiac and extracardiacanomalies of congenital mitral stenosis, as frequency wise, were ventricular septal defect, patent ductusarteriosus, coarctation of aorta, supra and subvalvular aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation and double outletright ventricle. 5. Cardiac angiography is essential to diagnose congenital mitral stenosis, but the need of two dimensional echocardiography cannot be ignored.
Age Distribution ; Angiocardiography ; Angiography ; Aortic Coarctation ; Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Papillary Muscles

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in Korean child-rearing practices between the generations of young mothers and grandmothers. METHOD: The participants were 98 mothers who were 20 to 39 years old and had raised one-year-old child and 103 grandmothers who were over 60 years old and had raised their children in a small city. Data were collected through self-report questionnaire based on the Korean traditional child-rearing practice from Yoo(1986). The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 10.0 program. RESULTS: Of 37 items in the categories of feeding and weaning, health management and taboo matters, play, and baby celebrations, the grandmothers practiced 13 items (35%) more frequently than the young mothers. However, no generation differences were found in 21 items (57%), and 3 items were practiced more frequently by the young mothers. For the young mothers, there were 15 items (41%) which were practiced over 70%, 7 items (19%) which were practiced less than 30%. CONCLUSION: It seems that some Korean traditional child-rearing practices were transferred to modern child-rearing practices. Therefore pediatric nurses need to pay attention to traditional child-rearing practices for the best health, growth and development of children.
Adult ; Child ; Family Characteristics* ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mothers* ; Taboo ; Weaning ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Hand and wrist tuberculosis in adults are relatively rare disease. The purpose of treatment is to minimize the limitation of motion and to relieve the pain and swelling of involved joints. The treatments consist of curettage of bone, synovectomy and arthrodesis, which were combined with chemotherapeutic agents for tuberculosis. In the period from June 1989 to Oct. 1993, we performed operative treatment in twelve cases of hand and wrist tuberculosis(hand in 3, wrist in 9). We performed curettage and synovectomy in eight cases and arthrodesis in four. The length of follow up was over one year in all cases. Patients were evaluated by clinical examination, radiography and the Robins criteria for clinical results. The results were analysed, as follows, l. Eight patients who had tenosynovitis with moderate joint destruction were treated by curettage and synovectomy, and seven patients(87.5%) of them were evaluated "good" by Robins criteria. 2. Arthrodesis was performed in four patients who had severe joint destruction, and demonstrates "good" results in 75% of cases. 3. One patient who was treated by synovectomy, complaint intermittent pain after three years postoperatively, but no active lesion was visible on the bone scanning. 4. One patient who was performed wrist arthrodesis feels discomfort during lift up heavy products due to insufficient grip power. In conclusion, the synovectomy and curettage in early diagnosed and not so much advanced hand wrist tuberculsis is more preferable, but arthrodesis is inevitable in advanced cases with profound degree of bony destruction and nonviable cartilage in operative findings, for painless and powerful joint.
Adult ; Arthrodesis ; Cartilage ; Curettage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Radiography ; Rare Diseases ; Songbirds ; Tenosynovitis ; Tuberculosis ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

No abstract available.
Peritoneum*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the paternal stress and nursing support as perceived by fathers of high risk infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). METHODS: The study participants included 88 fathers of high risk infants in NICUs. Their parental stress and nursing support were measured using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: The parental stress level of the fathers was 3.57 of a possible 5. Among the parental stress items, 'Relationship with infant and parental role' had the highest scores. The perceived nursing support level was a relatively high, 3.90 on a 5-point scale. The lowest score was for the item 'showed concern about my well-being.' The parental stress was lower in fathers with low income, higher in fathers in nuclear families and when the infants' condition was serious. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that fathers of high risk infants experience intense parental stress. Thus when designing care to provide support for these fathers and their infants, it is necessary to encourage the fathers' engagement, provide information on how to respond to the baby, and include supportive care to the fathers.
Fathers* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Nuclear Family ; Nursing* ; Parents*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Scrub Typhus*