INTRODUCTION: Sleep has numerous important physiological and cognitive functions that may be particularly important to elite athletes. Sleep deprivation can have significant effects on athletic performance. However, there are few published data related to the amount of sleep obtained by elite athletes. We investigated sleep patterns of Korean women golfers using sleep-related questionnaires. METHODS: For this study, 98 Korean university women golfers and 46 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. All subjects were asked to complete the self-administered sleep questionnaire consisting of questions about habitual sleep patterns (sleep onset time, sleep latency, awakening time in the morning, day time napping time), exercise habits, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), validation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: The sleep onset time was significantly earlier (pm 23 : 05 +/- 00 : 52 and 00 : 14 +/- 00 : 51 ; t = 5.287, p < 0.001), the waking time was later (am 07 : 21 +/- 01 : 09 and 6 : 35 +/- 00 : 32; t = -2.715, p = 0.008), the weekday total sleep time was greater (417.77 +/- 78.18 minute and 351.52 +/- 77.83 minute ; t = 4.406, p = 0.001), and the daytime nap time was greater (77.73 +/- 41.28 minute and 20.22 +/- 33.03 minute ; t = 7.623, p < 0.001) in the golf athletes compared to the controls. The PSQI scores were significantly lower, but estimated sleep latency and ESS, ISS, PSS, and BAI scores were not different among the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Korean university women golfers have good sleep patterns resulting in no difference in sleep-related stress compared to age- and sex-matched control students.
Anxiety ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; Female ; Golf ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

No abstract available.
Blood Glucose* ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin*

BACKGROUND: The heart rate adjusted ST segment criteria(Delta ST/HR index and rate-recovery loop or R-R loop) compared to standard ST segment criteria may improve the ability of the exercise electrocardiogram for the prediction of severe coronary artery disease and future cardiac events in patients with chronic angina pectoris, but the predictive value of these criteria for predicting these issues has not been studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: 64 patients with first uncomplicated myocardial infarction were studied. All patients performed predischarge(mean 8+/-4 days) symptom-limited exercise test and coronary angiography(mean 11+/-15 days). During the follow-up period(mean 449+/-273 days), the occurrence of the major cardiac events(death, reinfarction, coronary artery bypass surgery) and minor cardiac event(angina, heart failure) were recorded, and then univariate and multivariate analysis of several clinical and exercise variables known to be as prognostic markers were performed. RESULTS: The results are as follows : 1) The sensitivities of Delta ST/HR index and R-R loop(92%, 83% respectively) for predicting multivessel disease showed no significant difference compared to that of standard ST segment criteria(83%). 2) Major cardiac events occurred in 12(20%) of 64 patients and only single independent predictive factor for its prediction was multivessel coronary artery disease(p=0.0001), whereas total cardiac event occurred in 32(50%), multivessel disease(p=0.003), and maximal workload <5mets(p=0.038). 3) For the prediction of total cardiac event, DeltaST/HR index and R-R loop(all 97%) were significantly more sensitive(p<0.05) than standard ST segment criteria(78%), and there was a tendency to increase in specificity in R-R loop(84%) compared to DeltaST/HR index(59%) or standard ST segment criteria(66%). 4) The negative predictive value of all negative test of three ST segment criteria for predicting total cardiac event was 100%. CONCLUSION: Although the heart rate-adjusted ST segment criteria have no advantage over standand ST segment criteria for the prediction of severe coronary artery disease, they can be more useful prognostic markers by enhancing the accuracy of the predischarge exercise electrocardiogram for the prediction of subsequent cardiac events after a first acute myocardial infarction.
Angina Pectoris ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Sonographic detection of ureteral jets entering the urinary bladder is a well-known procedure. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to image the ureteral jets in 28 patients with unilateral ureteral calculi proved by intravenous urography. Three major findings of ureteral jets were obtained in the affected ureter with a stone: less frequency (26 patients), weak reflection (20 patients), and lower grade in length (27 patients) that were significantly different from the unaffected side in the same patient. No significant differences were found between the ureteral jets and the degree of hydronephrosis or the location of a stone. In conclusion, these results suggest that ureteral jets should be checked routinely during the procedure of color Doppler ultrasonogram in patients with possible unilateral ureteral obstruction. Color Doppler examination of ureteral jets may be a important adjunct in routine pelvic ultrasonogram especially in patients who have absolute or relative contraindications of intravenous urography.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi* ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

Sonographic detection of ureteral jets entering the urinary bladder is a well-known procedure. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to image the ureteral jets in 28 patients with unilateral ureteral calculi proved by intravenous urography. Three major findings of ureteral jets were obtained in the affected ureter with a stone: less frequency (26 patients), weak reflection (20 patients), and lower grade in length (27 patients) that were significantly different from the unaffected side in the same patient. No significant differences were found between the ureteral jets and the degree of hydronephrosis or the location of a stone. In conclusion, these results suggest that ureteral jets should be checked routinely during the procedure of color Doppler ultrasonogram in patients with possible unilateral ureteral obstruction. Color Doppler examination of ureteral jets may be a important adjunct in routine pelvic ultrasonogram especially in patients who have absolute or relative contraindications of intravenous urography.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi* ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

Two cases of congenital multiple joint laxity are reported here. One was a 18-year-old boy, in whom the hypermobility of the joints was striking that 4 criterias (Carter & Wilkinson, 1964) could be observed. The other was a 18-year-old male who showed positive findings in three of the five diagnostic criterias. In both no familiar occurrence was noted.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Joints ; Male ; Strikes, Employee

A case of vesicorectal fistula, which occurred in 23 year-old male Korean soldier due to external violence was presented and literature was briefly reviewed.
Fistula* ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Violence ; Young Adult

A clinical observation of the bladder and urethral injuries was made in the army hospital from Jan. to Dec 1968. The results were obtained as follow; 1. The bladder and urethral injuries were 2.3% of all patients treated in the hospital in the last year. 2 The bladder and urethral injuries were 23 cases of the automobile accidents, excluding 3 cases of expulsive injuries and 2 cases of falling accidents 3. The bladder and urethral injuries associated with fracture of pelvic bone were 32.1%, especially 80% in the pubic ramus fracture. 4. The incidence of urethral injury was higher than bladder injury. 5. The complications were urethral stricture (80%). impotence and etc.
Automobiles ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder*

A case of epidermal cyst arising from the frenulum of the penis in an eighteen year-old male was presented with review of literatures.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Humans ; Male ; Penis*

Coronary spasm may be induced by a variety of physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli but specific receptor blockade has not been consistently shown to prevent the attacks. Most patients with variant angina respond well to treatment with calcium antagonists and nitrates. A small proportion of patients are refractory to this therapy. We report a case of the patient with a 9-year-history of variant angina who has been refractory to high doses of calcium antagonists and nitrates. The repeated addition of clonidine was consistently effective in abolishing both symptoms and objective evidence of myocardial ischemia in this particular patient.
Calcium ; Clonidine* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nitrates ; Spasm