BACKGROUND: Menopause leads to rapid bone loss, mainly as a result of estrogen deficiency and peri and postmenopausal symptoms are related with estrogen deficiency. We investigated the relationship between peri and postmenopausal symptoms and vertebral bone mineral density(BMD). METHODS: Study subjects were women aged above 40 years underwent a vertebral bone density measurement with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). We examined the relationship between the menopausal symptoms by Kupperman index including vasomotor symptom and vertebral BMD in 74 perimenopausal and 205 postmenopausal women. RESULTS: On the basis of vertebral fracture threshold, 169 subjects were osteoporotic group and the others were nonosteoporotic group. Menopausal index was significantly high in osteoporotic group. And the osteoporotic one also complained of vasomotor symptom more severely. These findings were more definite during perimenopausal and early postmenopausal periods than late period. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that menopausal symptoms of peri and early menopausal period are significantly related with vertebral bone loss and helpful in predicting the vertebral osteoporosis.
Bone Density* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause

No abstract available.
Cross Infection*

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the most common cause of neurologic disorder accompanying grave prognosisand its mortality above 50%. Prior to introduction of the CT, the diagnosis have been depended on clinicalfindings and spinal puncture. Radiologic diagnostic methods, such as angiography, ventriculography andradioisotope scanning are invasive and less sentitive in diagnosis of CVA than CT. The size, location andextension of the intracranial pathology and ventricular penetration are accureately and rapidly portrayed by CT.Consequently, CT plays impotant role in effective tratement and evaluation of prognosis in CVA. Authors analyzed63 cases of diagnosed CVA who were performed CT scan in Korea General Hospital from November 1981 to April 1982.The results were as follows. 1. The most prevalent age group of CVA was 6th decade, and then 7th and 5th decadesin decreasing order. The sex ration between male and female was 1.2:1. 2. The causes of CVA were hypertensivehemorrhage (50.8%), vascular occlusive disease(22.2%), anurysm ruture (4.8%), arteriovenous malformation (3.2%)and hemorrhage of unknown etiology (19.0%). 3. The most common site of hemorrhage was basal ganglia (34.6%) andthen thalamus(21.8%) and cerebral lobes(20.5%). In infarction, the common sites were the lobes(64.7%) and thebasal ganglia (35.3%) 4. Round or oval shaped hematomas of high density (85.9%) were frequent findings ofhemorrhage and mass effect occured in 75.6%. 5. All infarctions were low in density ; Most of the lesion wasinhomogeneous(70.6%) and the rests were homogeneous. Mass effects were seen in 29.4%.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Basal Ganglia ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Ganglia ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infarction ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Nervous System Diseases ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Spinal Puncture ; Stroke ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that regular exercise may increase bone mineral density. However, the effects on bone mineral density are different depending on the types of exercises and recent studies on the effects of different exercises on bone mineral density are insufficient. This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2 different exercises(Judo, Taekwondo) and physical fitness(back muscle strength, grip strength, broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, sit ups) on regional BMD. METHODS: Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers aged 19 to 22 years and consisted of eight Judo athletes, twelve Taekwondo athletes, and eight nonathletic controls. We measured their bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, femoral greater trochanter, Wards triangle, femoral shaft and distal radius using dual energy X ray absorptiometry and assessed their physical fitness. We investigated the mean differences of regional bone mineral density between the groups and the relationships between physical fitness and regional bone mineral density. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed that there were significant differences in the regional bone mineral density between the groups. The Judo athletes group had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft, distal radius, femoral neck and lumbar spine than the control group and had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft and distal radius.than the Taekwondo atheletes group. There were no significant differences of bone density in all the regions between the Taekwondo atheletes and the control groups. Partial correlation coefficients between the back muscle strength and the bone density of Wards triangle, greater trochanter, distal radius, femoral neck, femoral shaft, and lumbar were 0.581, 0.570, 0.526, 0.502, 0.424, and 0.418, Respectively (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients between the broad jump and the bone density of femoral neck, greater trochanter, and femoral shaft were 0.577, 0.539, and 0.457, respectively(P<0.05). Correlations of the grip strength, flexibility, sit ups and vertical jump with bone density of all regions were not high(r< or=0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Different types of exercises showed different effects of bone density. The back muscle strength among the physical fitness factors was considered to be the most important predictor of bone density. In the future, further studies are necessary for the effects of other exercises on bone density.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Athletes* ; Back Muscles ; Bone Density* ; Exercise* ; Female* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness ; Pliability ; Radius ; Spine ; Volunteers ; Young Adult*

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome* ; Turner Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: Automated border detection(ABD) is a new echocardiographic modality providing continuous on-line measurements of left ventricular(LV) cavitary ares, volume, and ejection fraction(EF) throughout the cardiac cycle. Previous study showed that LV volume and EF measurements with ABD system approximate manually traced LV volume and EF obtained with conventional 2-dimensional echocardiography. But further clinical validation needs a comparison of LV function between the ABD system and established methods. The purpose of this study is to compare EF, peak ejection rate(PER) and peak filling rate(PFR) between on-line ABD system and the gated cardiac blood pool scinitigraphy. METHOD: 27 patients with an apical 4 chamber view of LV in which at least 75% of the endocardium was clearly seen were selected for this study. They had a normal sinus rhythm and underwent echocardiographic study on the same day of or one day before gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphic study. The off-line estimation of LV volume was performed by the method of disc, after manually tracing the endocardial border on the apical 4 chamber view and EFoff was calculated. Also on that view the ABD system was turned on, and EFABD, PEABD, PEABD were calculated automatically from LV volume curve. They were compared with EFRI, PERRI, and PERRI obtained by the gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy. RESULTS: 1) EFoff and EFABD were highly correlated with EFRI(r=0.78, 0.90 respectively : p<0.001). The mean difference between EFRI and EFoff was 4+/-9%, and the limits of agreement between EFRI and EFoff were -16~22%, EFoff were less than EFRI(p<0.05). The mean difference between EFRI and EFABD was 5+/-7%, and the limits of agreement between EFRI and EFoff were -9~+19%. EFABD was also less than EFRI(p<0.05). 2) PERABD and PERABD were highly correlated with PERRI and PERRI(r=0.74, 0.60, respectively ; p<0.001). The mean difference between PERRI and PERABD was -0.1+/-0.7EDV(enddiastolic volume)/sec, and the limits of agreement were -1.5~+1.3EDV/sec. PEABD was slightly greater than PERRI(p>0.05). The mean difference between PERRI and PEABD was -0.8+/-0.8EDV/sec, and the limits of agreement were -2.4~+0.8EDV/sec. PEABD were greater than PERRI(p<0.01). CONCLUSION: EF, PER, PER measurements by the ABD system and the gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy have significant correlations. Thus ABD echocardiography is a useful method for assessement of LV function.
Echocardiography* ; Endocardium ; Gated Blood-Pool Imaging* ; Humans ; Ventricular Function, Left*

Until now, surgical treatment of bile duct carcinoma has been unsatisfactory. There have been few reports dealing with the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and c-erbB-2 in bile duct cancer. To evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and c-erbB-2 protein as a marker for prognosis, we analyzed the data and outcome of 32 cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma immunohistologically, as well as clinicopathologically. The expressions of EGFR and c-erbB-2 showed in 71.9%(23/32) and 34.4%(11/32), respectively. The expression of EGFR was closely associated with the expression of c-erbB-2 (p<0.05). The expression rate of EGFR was significantly higher in well-differentiated cancer than in poorly-differentiated cancer (p<0.05), but was not related to stage, or lymph node metastasis. The expression of c-erbB-2 was not related to stage, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. The expressions of EGFR and c-erbB-2 did not correlate with survival. In conclusion, the expression of EGFR or c-erbB-2 may be used as a tumor marker, but not as a prognostic factor in extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic* ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptor, erbB-2

No abstract available.
Humans

Rotor's syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with normal hepatic histology. It resembles Dubin-Johnson syndrome but the main differences are no dark brown pigmentation in the hepatic cells and visualization of the gallbladder in oral cholangiography. We experienced a 14 year-old male patient who had icteric sclerae and predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia when he was hospitalized for varicocelectomy. His liver biopsy specimen showed no dark brown pigmentation and any other pathologic abnormalities in the hepatic cells. Hepatobiliary scan shows no evidence of obstructive lesions. His urinary excretion of total coproporphyrin was markedly increased.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Cholangiography ; Gallbladder ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic ; Liver ; Male ; Pigmentation ; Sclera

The hypotensive effect of diltiazem hydrochloride(Herben(R)) was investigated with 32 cases of essential hypertension. Diltiazem, 90-180mg per day, was administer ed in divided doses to each of the subjects for 6 week and the blood pressure lowering effect was assessed, as remarkably effective when the lowering of blood pressure was, 20mmHg or more of systolic pressure and 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure; as satisfactorily effective when 20mmH or more of systolic pressure or 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure was lowered; as fairly effective when 10-19mmHg of systolic pressure and 5-9mmHg of diastolic pressure. 1. With above mentioned criteria, diltiazem was remarkably, satisfactorily and fairly effective in 11(37%), 13(43%) and 1(3%) of 30 patients, respectively, while the drug was ineffective in 5(17%). 2. Diltiazem was effective in lowering of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and was effective as a sole agent of as an agent of combination therapy. 3. With diltiazem treatment, the depressed ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in all of 10 cases which showed ST depression before diltiazem treatment and the elevated ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in 1 of 2 cases. all of 4 cases with flat T wave and 10 of 12 cases with inverted T wave showed conversion to upright T waves after diltiazem treatment. 4. Undesirable side effects was observed in 2 cases out of 32 cases(6%); 1 case of erythema multiforme-like skin eruption and 1 case of the clinical aggravation of congestive heart failure, in whom the diltiazem administration was discontinued.
Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Diltiazem* ; Erythema ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Skin