Conflicting results have been reported, as to whether or not wound repair is influenced following treatment with low doses of prednisolone, insulin, or thyrotrophic hormone. The present studies were undertaken to evaluate and compare the influence of above hormones on the wound repair process and their target organs in rats at different times after operation. The influence of the above hormones were observed as measurement of the tensile strength of healing skin incisions and the histologic finding of the wound sites and the target organs staining with H-E, PAS, and Masson's trichrome method. Saline 0. 1 ml were injected daily intramusculary in control group: prednisolone acetate 0. 2ml (4mg/kg/day) in prednisolone treated group: regular zinc insulin 0.1 ml(1.5IU/kg/day) in insulin treated group; thyrotrophin 0.1 ml (0.4IU/kg/day) in TSH trcated group. The observation period wer at 4th day, 7th day, 14th day and 21st day of post-operation. The results were as follows: 1. Prednisolone treated group: (1) The tensile strength were decreased at 4th and 7th day than control groups, but there were no statistically significant difference at 14th and 21st day from control group. (2) In histologic findings of the wound sites at 4th and 7th day, the repair processes were suppressed, but at 14th and 21st day, there were no difference from control group. (3) In histologic finding of adrenal cortex, the atrophic changes was observed from early stage. 2. Insulin treated group: (1) There were no statistical difference from control group in tensile strength at each observation period. (2) In histologic findings of the wound sites, the pictures of the repair processes were similar with control group at each observation period. (3) Atrophic change of islets of Langerhans in pancreas was observed at each observation period. 3. TSH treated group: (1) The tensile strength were increased at 4th, 7th, and 14th day than control group, but there was no statistical difference at 21st day frorn control group. (2) In histologic findings of the wound sites, the repair processes were aecelerated at 4th and 7th day than control group, but there were no defferences at 14th and 21st day from control group. (3) Hyperplastic change of acini in thyroid gland was observed through entire observation period.
Adrenal Cortex ; Animals ; Insulin ; Islets of Langerhans ; Pancreas ; Prednisolone ; Rats ; Skin ; Tensile Strength ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotrophs ; Thyrotropin ; Wounds and Injuries* ; Zinc

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliacea) has been known for thousands of years in the Far East as a remedy effective against a multitude of ailments. Pharmacological investigations have shown that the basic effect in ginseng action is its capacity to increase nonspecific resistance of the organism to various untoward influences. Ginseng saponin has been considered the active principle for ginsengs most therapeutic properties. Recently, the use of cream and soap with ginseng extract has been gradually increasing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Panax ginseng to Candida albicans in vitro. During this experiment ginseng saponin and powder of Panax ginseng root were diluted serially in Sabouraud's dextrose agar, and candidial suspensions of isolated strains from candidial intertrigo and female genitalia were inoculated into each medium containing different concentrations of test materials. Then their growth was observed for weeks at 25'C. After that we measured the size of colonies grown in various concentrations and eompared them with those of the Sabourauds dextrose media. For the complementary study Candida albicans strain isolated from vagina were plated on both Sabouraud's dextrose media and 80 mg/cc ginseng root powder. Microscopic examination, germ tube test and sugar fermentation test were then performed to compare the production of budding cells, the growth of pseudo-hyphae and the characteristics of the yeast on each media. Results from this study show that ginseng saponin and roots of Panax ginseng have no significant effect on growth and multiplication and the characteristics of Candida albicans in vitro.
Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Prurigo nodularis(PN) is a rare recalcitrant pruritic disease. Its pathophysiology is still debatable and a matter of speculation. And, there has been no large case study in Korea. OBJECTIVE: We tried to evaluate the epidemiologic aspects in Korea, and the clinicopathologic correlates of PN. METHODS: 51 patients were included in this study. The patients were divided into atopic and nonatopic groups. All the available clinical and laboratory data including total serum IgE were collected and analyzed. 48 slides were stained in hematoxylin-eosin. For immunophenotyping of cellular infiltrate and identification of neural tissue, 10 cases of them were stained immunohistochemically. They were examined under light microscope. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 2.4:1. The age was varied from 3 to 64 years, averaging 36.6 years. The age of onset was varied from 2 to 64 years with two peaks in second and fifth decades. The site of predilection were the extremities (96%) and less commonly the trunk (49%). The underlying diseases were present in 23.5% of total patients. The atopic group has relatively younger age and higher total serum IgE level than non-atopic group. There was no significant difference in the recorded pathologic and immunohistopatholgic characteristics between two groups except the deep inflammatory infiltrate and dyskeratosis. There was prominent neural hyperplasia associated with vascular proliferation and inflammatory cellular infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: There were some epidemiologic differences from western patients. There were about twice as more male patients. Age of onset had some predilections. Atopic and non-atopic groups were different in clinical and some pathologic variables. The former was younger, had higher total serum IgE, and histopathologically, showed more pronounced neural hyperplasia.
Age of Onset ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunophenotyping ; Korea ; Male ; Prurigo*

A study was made on 1,302 cases of skin tumors which were obtained mainly from surgical pathology specimen during the period of 14 years from 1973 to 1986 at Department of Dermatology in Korea University Hospital. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Of the 1,302 cases of skin tumors, 1,143 cases(87.8%) were benigh tumor, 159 cases(12.2%) of malignant tumor and male to female ratio was 1.1: l. 2. Among the 1,143 cases of benign tumors, 301 cases of epidermal cyst, 183 cases of lipoma, 173 cases of pigmented nevi and 88 cases of hemangioma were noted. 3. Among the 159 cases of malignant tumors, 46 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 27 cases of basal cell carcinoma, 26 cases of malignant melanoma, and 17 cases of metastatic carcinoma were observed. 4. The sites of predilection of the epidermal cysts were trunk (21.9%), face (20.9%), and neck (13.9%) and lipoma was trunk (48.6%). The sites of predilection of the suamous cell carcinomas were penis (11.1%), sclap (12.9%), face (18.5%), and leg (11.1%), basal cell carcinoma was face (55.6%) and malignant melanoma was sole (26.9%). 5. Among the 17 cases of cutaneous metastatic cancer, primary sites were breast (4 cases), pancreas (1 cases), lung (2 cases), stomach (1 cases) and unkown sites (9 cases).
Breast ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Lipoma ; Lung ; Male ; Melanoma ; Neck ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Pancreas ; Pathology, Surgical ; Penis ; Skin* ; Stomach

A clinical and histopsthological study were done on 1,817 biopsied inflammatory skin diseases among 58,386 out-patients in Dermatologic department of Korea University Hospital during the period of 24 years from January, 1962 to December, 1985. The results were summarized as follows : 1. According to pattern analysis(Ackerman AB), 1,605 cases(88.3%) of inflammatory skin diseases were classified into 9 patterns and by author's modified pattern analysis, additional 437 cases could be classified. 2. Of the 1605 cases which were classified by 9 pattern analysis, 1185 cases(78.8%) of inflammatory skin diseases were diagnosed as individual disease entity. The ratio of accordance between the histopathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis on the biopsied inflammatory skin diseases was 44.5%, 3. The ratio of accordance between the histopathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis by the patterns were '. Vasculitis(75.5%), Subepidermal vesicular dermatitis (73.3%), Nodular and diffuse dermatitis(68.2%), etc. 4. The diseases showing above the 70% accordance were scleroderma, erythema induratum, vitiligo, arthropod reaction, etc; and the diseases showing under the 30% accnrdance were erythema multiforme, erythema annulare centrifugum, neurodermatitis, etc.
Arthropods ; Biopsy* ; Dermatitis ; Diagnosis ; Erythema ; Erythema Induratum ; Erythema Multiforme ; Humans ; Korea ; Neurodermatitis ; Outpatients ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin* ; Vitiligo

Hypereosinophilir. dermatitis, which was first described in 1981, is a clinically distinet disease within the spectrum of the hypereosinophilic syndrome. It is characterized by a generalized polymorphous pruritic eruptions and blood eosinophilia with minimal or no extracutaneous involvement known cause hypereosinophilia, namely parasites, allergies and drug association are absent in these patients. We present a patient with hypereosinophilic dermatitis who did not show evidence of systemic disease. The patient was a 18-year old male who had pruritic erythematous brownish elevated plaque on both lower extremities for 5 months. A)though the patients skin lesions improved after treatment with steroids and dapsone, after discontinuing medication, hypereosinophilia recurred.
Adolescent ; Dapsone ; Dermatitis* ; Eosinophilia ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; Hypersensitivity ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Parasites ; Skin ; Steroids

Sixty-six cases of erythena nodosum(EN) and erythema induraturn(EI) were examined pathologically and clinically. Pathologically 23 cases were erythema nodosum, 43 cases were erytherna induratum. Pathological diagnosis made without any prior knowledge of the clinical and laboratory data. Clinical manifestations were reviewed on basis of pathological diagnosis. The results are as follows; l. EN and EI mainly occurred in female, age of twenties and during spring season. There was no difference in sex, age and seasonal incidence between EN and EI. 2. Both EN and EI affected chiefly the shins. EI was more common than EN in cases of calf involvement. 3. Tenderness and systemic symptoms developed more often in EN, while ulcers occurred only in EI. 4 EI had relatively long duration. There was no difference in the recurrence rate between EN and EI. 5. Pulmonary tuberculosis was found only in El on chest X-rays. 6. Clinical and pathological diagnosis was identical in almost cases of EN but those were variable in case of EI.
Diagnosis ; Erythema Induratum* ; Erythema Nodosum* ; Erythema* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Ulcer

This report is a clincal analysis in 18 follow up cases of 51 patients had treated' by surgical procedures from Jan. 1972 to Jul. 1978 at Korea University Hospital The results are as follows: I. The used methods of operative treatment and number of patients were respectively catagorized in I) elliptical resection for 36 cases, 2) modified method. of W-pla,sty for 10 cases, 3) complete excision and relieving Z-plasty for 4 cases, and 4) biipedicle mcision of one case. Among the methods, the modified method;. of W-plasty was a new trial method atempted, by our departrnent. 2. The ratio of between male and female was 23 to 28. 3. The age onset was raged from 12 to 37 year and average at the tires of onset vras 17. 3 years old. 4. The average age on the operation was 22.6 years old and the averag. duration after onset was five years. 5. The anesthesia used in operation were 1) general anesthesia for 7, cases and 2) local anesthesia, 44 cases. 6. The total times o.' operation were averaged in 80 minutes for elliptical resection and 90 minutes for modified W-plasty. 7. The results of analysis in 18 follow up cases were the followings: (1) The utilized method of operation were respectively elliptical resection in eight cases, modified W-plasty in seven cases, complete excision and relieving Z-plasty in 2 cases, and bipedicle incision 1 case. (2) The average rate of relieving odor was 86. 1%, and in detail 81. 1% for elliptical resection, 92. 8% for modified W-plasty were found respectively. (3) The average rate of suppression of sweating was 88. 8% and in detail 87. 5% for elliptical resection, 92.8% for modified W-plasty. (4) Yhe average rate of tension on motion aftez 6 weeks from operation wss 1 l. 1% and in detail 12. 5% for elliptical resectiion, 7. 1% for modified W-plssty; (5) As a result, the newly trial method was favored in terms of clinical finding above mentioned.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Odors ; Rage ; Sweat ; Sweating

The treatment of Achilles tendon rupture is controversial between surgical repair and conservative cast treatment. This study was attempted to compare the biomechanical and morphological results between operative and nonoperative treatments of experimentally tenotomized rabbit Achilles tendon with the lapse of time. A total of 72 adult rabbits were used. After tenotomizing the Achilles tendons, the subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the time of the initiation of the treatment and each group was subdivided into 2 further subgroups according to the method of treatment; immediate operation and nonoperation, 1 week delayed operation and nonoperation, and 2 weeks delayed operation and nonoperation subgroups. Ten animals from each subgroup were sacrificed after four weeks of cast immobilization and the Achilles tendons were prepared for the gross, biomechanical and histological examinations. At the same time, two animals from each subgroup were examined by Microfil perfusion for microvascular changes in the healed tendons. On biomechanical examination, maximal loads were decreased with the lapse of time in each treatment method, and there were statistical significances between the immediate and 2 weeks delayed operation subgroups, 1 week and 2 weeks delayed operation subgroups, and immediate and 2 weeks delayed nonoperation subgroups. A maximal loads were higher in the operative treatment of each group but there was no statistical significances between operative and nonoperative treatment of each group. The results of absorption energy and stiffness were similar to those of maximal load. In conclusion, these results suggest that a rupture of the Achilles tendon should be treated as early as possible preferably within 1 week, in order to achieve a high tensile strength irrespective of the treatment method. In terms of rerupture, nonoperative treatment is comparable with surgical treatment if a rupture of Achilles tendon is managed within 2 weeks of injury.
Absorption ; Achilles Tendon ; Adult ; Animals ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Perfusion ; Rabbits ; Rupture ; Silicone Elastomers ; Tendons ; Tensile Strength

BACKGROUND: The concentration of the blood including ACTH, catecholamine, serum prolactine, cortisol is increased due to responding on stress by carrying out endotracheal intubation upon the mutiple trauma patients who were taken to the emergency room. Diazepam is a kind of benzodiazepine pharmacon and common pharmacon used for stability of the patients, relief and pretreatment as a booster for the relaxation of skeletal muscle. This research aims to know how effectively medication of diazepam before endotracheal intubation helps to constrain the reaction on the part of cardiovascular system due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and makes concentration of catecholamine in blood changed. METHODS: The subjects are consisted of the patient asked for endotracheal intubation instantly, suffering from caput trauma (GCS 8.0) among the multiple trauma patient, more than 20-year-old who were taken to the emergency room in Chosun university hospital from October 1, 1995 to September 30, 1996. They were decided into 2 classes, 30 people each class, and one (group I ) was carried out endotracheal intubation without injecting diazepam,0.3 mg/kg, and the other (group II) was done with the endotracheal intubation by injecting diazepam, 0.3mg/kg. Group I and group II were measured blood pressure and heart rate before intubation and at 1, 3, 5, 7 minute after endotracheal intubation, sampled arterial blood from femoral artery, and then compared and analyzed. All of the data were recorded by mean, standard deviation, and percentage and repeated measures ANOVA test was used for the statistical test and the data was regarded as statistically significant when p value is below 0.05. RESULTS: 1) They were no significant differences statistically between 2 groups in the distribution of the age, weight, sex of the patients. 2) The changes in the systolic blood pressure had no statistical significance in the comparison between group I and group II, but diastolic blood pressure and the change of heart rate had statistical significance because p value was shown below 0.05. 3) Norepinephrine of blood was significantly lower in group II than group I. 4) Epinephrine of blood was significantly lower in group II than group I. CONCLUSION: It was shown that medication of diazepam before endotracheal intubation made stability of the patients and it changed significantly the reaction on the part of cardiovascular system from stress caused by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. So it will be a good thing to inject diazepam for pretreatment to bring relief of the patients and cardiovascular stability before endotracheal intubation.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Benzodiazepines ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Diazepam* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epinephrine ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy ; Multiple Trauma* ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Norepinephrine ; Prolactin ; Relaxation ; Young Adult