A clinical evaluation was performed on 7 patients of neurogenic bladder who underwent T.U.R. or T.U.R. with external sphincterotomy. All patients were indwelling Foley catheter from 7 months (minimal) to 2 and 1/2 years(maximal), were unable to self-voiding and their residual urine was over 100cc. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) 3 patients underwent T.U.R. but T,U.R. and external sphincterotomy was performed in 4 patients. 2) Of 7 patients, satisfactory result was obtained in 5 patients, but 2 patients obtained unsatisfactory result.
Catheters ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic*

Renal angiogram offers valuable information in evaluating the patients with renal tumor, renal tuberculosis, polycystic kidney, hematuria, and renovascular hypertension. The author observed themorphological findings of renal disease, such as renal tumor, renal tbc, and polycystic kidney by selective renal angiography. A clinical evaluation were performed 36 patients of selective renal angiography which were done from 1972 to 1975. The result were as follows: Of 36 patients, comparison in clinical diagnosis with selective renal angiographic diagnosis. 1) Cases of correct clinical diagnosis with I.V.P. were 21 cases. 2) Cases of incorrect clinical diagnosis with I.V.P. were 3 cases. 3) At all, 12 cases were confirmed by renal angiography.
Angiography* ; Diagnosis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Tuberculosis, Renal

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is the most common genetic defect in all human tumors. Because of the widespread mutations and polymorphism in the p53 gene, the conventional screening methods cannot distinguish between polymorphisms or functionally silent mutations and inactivating mutations. It is well known that plasmids can be generated by homologous recombination in vivo in the yeast by cotransforming the PCR product with a linearized yeast expression vector encoding part of a gene and a selectable marker gene. The aim of this study is to develop more easy and reliable method for functional assay of p53 mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We constructed a gap vector which can reliably and conveniently be used to screen p53 mutations in a simple yeast growth assay. The gap vector was constructed as follows: About 100 bp DNA fragments containing parts of N- and C- terminal portion of p53 were cloned into XbaI/SmaI and HindIII/XhoI sites of yeast expressing vector, respectively. The gap vector was obtained by double cutting with SmaI and HindIII followed by gel elution. Yeast was transformed with the reporter vector containing three tandem copies of the consensus p53 binding site by lithium acetate-mediated method. RT-PCR amplification of p53 transcripts from cell lines or tumor tissues was carried out. To investigate whether p53 gene is mutated or not, yeast containing reporter gene was cotransformed with PCR product and linearized gap vector, plated on SD medium minus histidine, and incubated for 3 days. The colonies on selective media were isolated and characterized. RESULTS: The tumor tissues examined were one hepatocellular carcinoma, three breast cancers, two stomach cancers and two colon cancers. One hepatocellular carcinoma tissue had mutation in both alleles of the p53 gene, and 7 cancer tissues had heterozygous mutations in the p53 gene. The result of functional assay was well correlated with mutational analysis by sequencing. CONCLUSION: p53 functional assay system might be easy and reliable method for functional screening of p53 on tumor tissues and this might be used for screening of other mutated gene. This technique, FASAY, requires only a few steps, can be automated readily and should permit screening for germline or somatic heterozygous mutations in any gene whose function can be monitored in yeast.
Alleles ; Binding Sites ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Consensus ; DNA ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Reporter ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genes, vif ; Histidine ; Homologous Recombination ; Humans ; Lithium ; Mass Screening ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Yeasts*

A statistical observation was made on 856 in-patients with operative procedures in the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College, During the period from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1975.
Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Urology

It has been shown that blood glucose level was risen during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. However it is uncertain whether this alteration in carbohydrate metabolism in the result of inadequate insulin release or of an abnormality in glucose metabolism. This report concerns glucose metabolism and insulin release as well change in serum potassium concentration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Hyperglycemia and delayed insulin response to glucose may be due to an increase in catecholamine retion induced by the surgical trauma and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma glucose, insulin, serum sodium and potassium concentrations were measured in 14 patients undergoing open heart surgery with moderate hypothermia. Patients were anesthetized with fentanyl 10~20 pg/kg, droperidol and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Priming solution of bypass was composed with heparinized whole blood, Hartmann's solution and 5% dextrose water added at the ratio of 2:1, as a result of hematocrit 28~30% during bypass A significant in blood glucose concentration occurred with bypass from the control value of 87.0+/-7.85 mg/dl to 529.8+/-67.52 mg/dl in children and from 88.8+/-10.42 mg/dl to 474.8+/-62.27 mg/dl in adults (p<0.05), partly as a result of the stress hyperglycemia and exogenous glucose load from the priming solution. Following bypass the blood glucose remained above the preanesthetic concentration at the level of 237.2+/-57.57 mg/dl in children and 210.4+/-45.29 mg/dl in adults, and this elevation persisted into the period following surgery (p<0.05). Plasma insulin concentration remained low in spite of increased glucose concentration at the level of 7.8+/-2.79 ul.U/ml in children and 10.1+/-3.84 pI.U/ml in adults and start to elevate with the start of bypass. The highest concentration at 39.6+/-13.90 ul.U/ml in children and 40.5+/-16.97 ul.U/ml in adults occurred following hypothermia and this elevation persisted during bypase procedure(p<0.05). Serum sodium and potassium concentration decreased significantly at the level of 134.0+/-3.58 mEq/ L and 3.1+/-0.40 mEq/L in children and 128.9+/-4.49 mEq/L and 3.2+/-0.37 mEq/L in adults, respeetively, following bypaas procedure (p<0.05). These observations indicated that exogenous glucose load such as glucose contained priming solution and cardioplegic solution may aggravate the stress hyperglycemia.
Adult ; Blood Glucose* ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cardioplegic Solutions ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Child ; Droperidol ; Fentanyl ; Glucose ; Hematocrit ; Heparin ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypothermia ; Insulin* ; Metabolism ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Thoracic Surgery ; Water

Purpose: Sex hormones are known to affect the gut microbiota. Previously, we reported that endogenous and exogenous testosterone are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and submucosal invasion. In the present study, we investigated whether the gut microbiota is affected by orchiectomy (ORX) and testosterone propionate (TP) administration using an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC mouse model. Materials and Methods: Gut microbiota was evaluated by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool DNA extracted from feces that were obtained at 13 weeks after AOM injection (from 22-week-old animals) and stored in a gas-generating pouch. Results: The increase in microbial diversity (Chao1 and Phylogenetic Diversity index) and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio upon AOM/DSS treatment in ORX mice was significantly decreased by TP supplementation. The ratio of commensal bacteria to opportunistic pathogens was lower in the TP-administered females and ORX mice than in the AOM/DSS group. Opportunistic pathogens (Mucispirillum schaedleri or Akkermansia muciniphila) were identified only in the TP group. In addition, microbial diversity and F/B ratio were higher in male controls than in female and ORX controls. Flintibacter butyricus, Ruminococcus bromii, and Romboutsia timonensis showed similar changes in the male control group as those in the female and ORX controls. Conclusion In conclusion, testosterone determines the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which suggests that it plays a role in the sex-related differences in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Purpose: 17β-Estradiol (E2) supplementation suppresses MC38 tumor growth by downregulating the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This study aims to figure out the gut microbiota that respond to anti–PD-L1 and/or estrogen treatment in MC38 colon cancer model. Materials and Methods: A syngeneic colon tumor model was developed by injection of MC38 cells into C57BL/6 background male and female mice. Three days before MC38 cells injection, E2 was supplemented to male mice daily for 1 week. Male and female mice with MC38 tumors (50-100 mm3) were injected with anti–PD-L1 antibody. Fresh feces were collected 26 days after injection of MC38 cells and 16S rRNA metagenomics sequencing of DNA extracted from feces was used to assess gut microbial composition. Results: At the taxonomic family level, Muribaculaceae was enriched only in the MC38 male control group. In male mice, linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis at the species level revealed that the four microorganisms were commonly regulated in single and combination treatment with anti–PD-L1 and/or E2; a decrease in PAC001068_g_uc and PAC001070_s (family Muribaculaceae) and increase in PAC001716_s and PAC001785_s (family Ruminococcaceae). Interestingly, in the anti–PD-L1 plus E2 group, a decrease in opportunistic pathogens (Enterobacteriaceae group) and an increase in commensal bacteria (Lactobacillus murinus group and Parabacteroides goldsteinii) were observed. Furthermore, the abundance of Parabacteroides goldsteinii was increased in both males and females in the anti–PD-L1 group. Conclusion Our results suggest that gut microbial changes induced by the pretreatment of estrogen before anti–PD-L1 might contribute to treatment of MC38 colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: Mitral and pulmonary venous(PV) flow velocity variables are being used for the indirect evaluation of left ventricular(LV) diastolic function. However, these flow velocities are influenced by age, loading conditions and other factors. This study was designed to evaluate usefulness of left atrial size and function in addition to the relation of mitral and PV flow velocity variables in the estimation of LV filling pressures. METHODS: Mitral and PV flow velocity variables. left artial size and function were assessed just before a cardiac catherization in 31 patients. According to the LV filling pressures, patients were divided into two subgroups and echocardiographic variables were compared. RESULTS: 1) LV end-diastolic pressure was related to the duration of reverse flow in the PV at atrial contraction(r=0.58) and difference in mitral and PV flow velocity duration at atrial contraction(r=0.54), and the similar findings were observed in other left ventricular filling pressures. 2) Left atrial size and volumes were greater in the subgroup of abnormal LV filling pressures(P < 0.05), but left atrial ejection fraction was not different between subgroups. CONCLUSION: In addition to variables of the mitral and PV flow velocities, left atrial size and volume may provide an additive value in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans

Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Lip ; Mandible ; Mouth Mucosa ; Palate ; Parotid Gland ; Research Personnel ; Salivary Glands ; Sublingual Gland Neoplasms ; Submandibular Gland