A total of 48 cases of tuberculous lesion in the lymph nodes (43 cases), lung (3 cases) and soft tissue (2 cases), was subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 77 year-old (average 33.6 years in age) and the male to female ratio was 1: 4. Thirty-four cases (70.8%) demonstrated distinct granulomatous reaction with or without caseation necrosis, nine cases (18.8%) showed no granulomas, but large amount of necrotic debris with numerous polymorphonuclear cells and histiocytes, and five cases (10.4%) revealed acellular material only. The overall AFB positivity in smears was 62.5%. In areas associated with granulomatous reaction and necrosis, AFB positivity was 55.8%, while it was 80.0% in cases with acellular necrotic material. There were 2 cases of parasitic infestation which could not be easily differentiated from tuberculosis based on aspiration smears only.
Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Child* ; Female ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Necrosis ; Tuberculosis ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

Many people in Korea suffer from a fear of dental treatments; however, only a few studies have focused on this population. This study assessed the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and its interventions in reducing dental anxiety, especially when administered by trained dental staff. Using case studies, the authors analyzed the content of each session and examined the process of reducing dental anxiety. First, the authors observed that the results of both dental fear scale and subjective unit of disturbance decreased significantly with changes in cognitive distortions related to dental anxiety and that rapid improvements were noted after two therapy sessions. Second, the study reported that practicing relaxation (deep-breathing) and muscle relaxation techniques; using hand signals to indicate anxiety or discomfort; establishing an empathic relationship with the therapist; making an anxiety list; and graded insensitive and exposure along with rehearsal, were effective in coping with dental anxiety and in changing negative thoughts towards the dentist. Third, a simple cognitive behavioral intervention can be effective in reducing dental anxiety. In summary, a short-term, five-session psychological intervention with CBT produced a sustained decrease in the symptoms of dental anxiety, allowing the patients to receive the required procedures. The authors discussed the study limitations and the implication of their results on future research.
Anxiety ; Cognitive Therapy* ; Dental Anxiety* ; Dental Staff ; Dentists ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Muscle Relaxation ; Qualitative Research ; Relaxation

Background: To promote and maintain oral health among adults, the relationship between oral health and obesity was examined, and the effects of oral health on obesity were investigated. Methods: A total of 4,270 Korean adults aged ≥20 years were selected as study subjects using raw data from the first year (2019) of the eighth period of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Complex sample Rao–Scott chi-square test and complex sample logistic regression analysis were performed using PASW Statistics ver. 18.0. Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 1.3 times higher subjects with poor oral health than in those with good perceived oral health and 1.3 times higher in subjects who did not receive dental checkups compared to those that did. The frequency of brushing of teeth was 1.2 times higher for subjects who reported brushing 2∼3 times per day compared to those who reported brushing four or more times per day. The risk of being overweight was 1.3 times higher in subjects with one or more dental implants than in those with none. Conclusion To build an integrated health program, it is thought that a preventive approach through self and expert oral health care, considering the age-specific characteristics of adults, is necessary for the intervention process used to build customized obesity prevention projects at the national level.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease in Korean adults. Methods: This study analyzed the screening data of 12,686 adults aged ≥19 years, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and each component of metabolic syndrome, obtained from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Periodontal health status was measured by the community periodontal index. Subjects with three or more risk factors were considered as having metabolic syndrome. The Rao–Scott chi-square test was performed to assess the relationships between demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, components of metabolic syndrome, and periodontal disease. Logistic regression analysis was performed based on the complex sample to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease. Results: The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher among the subjects with advancing age, lower average household income and education level, those working in production, residents of eup-myeon areas, in past or current smoker, those with excessive alcohol consumption habit in a week, and reduced brushing frequency and the use of oral care products (p＜0.001).Each component of metabolic syndrome was associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis in the subjects with abnormal than in those with normal levels (p＜0.001). The prevalence of periodontal disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome was approximately 1.443 times higher than that in normal subjects (odds ratio,1.443; p＜0.001). Conclusion This study confirmed the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Korean adults, and further studies will be needed to determine the causal relationship between the two conditions.

HIV-1 p24 was cloned into multiple cloning site of pMV261, extrachromosomal expression vectors carrying BCG replication origin and BCG-specific heat-shock promoter, and then introduced into BCG and E. coli. Western blot experiments showed that the p24 efficiently expressed in recombinant BCG (rBCG), but not in E. coli. Recombinant p24 expression induced by a single heat-shock of rBCG was maintained longer than 3 weeks. Immunoblot experiments with intact rBCG did not show any distinctive positive signal, suggesting that the recombinant protein was not secreted or exposed at the surface of BCG. The guinea pigs immunized with live rBCG showed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) by the systemic area as well as an effective humoral immunity, suggesting that tbis rBCG is believed to elicit eKcient immune responses against p24, even though the expression is restricted only in the cytoplasm as reported previously with other antigen. These results demonstrate that BCG can be developed as a live recombinant vaccine vector against a broad spectrum of infectious disease.
Animals* ; Blotting, Western ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Communicable Diseases ; Cytoplasm ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV* ; HIV-1 ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunity, Humoral ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Replication Origin

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human*

We presented several cases of the exophthalmos due to the orbital tumors, with the review of the literatures. We performed modified Kronlein operation and anterior orbitotomy, appropriately for each cases to improve the visual acuity and at least to correct cosmetically the proptosed eye. It will be better to do one's best in order to search a possible way to save the eye ball by which the ophthalmologist can remove the orbital tumor even if the patient lost his vision.
Exophthalmos* ; Humans ; Orbit ; Visual Acuity

Primary iliopsoas abscess, without a causative infection focus, is a very rare kind of retroperitoneal abscess. Immunocompromised patient, such as elderly patients, diabetics and patients with chronic disease, are susceptible to this kind of infection. Because early diagnosis of priiliopsoas abscess is usually delayed due to nonspecific clinical presentation, proper treatment is also delayed which causes high mortality and morbidity. Recently we experienced three cases of primary iliopsoas abscess due to Staphylococcus aureus. Diagnosis of these cases was belatedly confirmed by using a abdominal-pelvic computerized tomography (CT) scan. Open surgical drainage via an extraperitoneal approach and administration of appropriate systemic antibiotics were required to save these patients. Based on a review of the literature, we evaluated the diagnosis and treatment of primary iliopsoas abscess.
Abscess ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mortality ; Psoas Abscess* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

BACKGROUND: The restenosis after coronary angioplasty is the unresolved problem even if the improvement of interventional skills and pharmacological therapies. Nitric oxide, known as endothelial derived relaxing factor (EDRF), regulates the vascular tone and inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and platelet adhesions and endothelium-leukocyte interactions. Nitric oxide is produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We studied the significance of eNOS gene polymorphism for the prediction of restenosis after coronary angioplasty in Koreans with ischemic heart disease. METHODS: We analyzed the two eNOS poly-morphisms using PCR (eNOS A/B polymorphism is the VNTR in intron 4 and eNOS T/G polymorphism is a missense mutation in exon 7) in 199 Korean patients who had 257 lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty (ballooning=152, stenting=105). The angiography was repeated 6 months later to assess the relation between the rate of restenosis and types of eNOS gene polymorphism. RESULTS: We found no significant differences of restenosis rate in eNOS A/B and T/G polymorphism in those with balloon angioplasty or with stent (restenosis rate of A/A, A/B, B/B, respectively (n=257): 25% (1/4), 26% (14/53), 31% (62/200) (p=not significant), and T/T, T/G, G/G (n=249): 0% (0/3), 36% (16/44), 29% (58/202)(p=not significant)) Patients with A allele (non BB) or GG phenotype had lower restenosis rate, so we analyzed protective effect of non BB and GG phenotype on restenosis, but there was no significant statistical difference (restenosis rate of non BB and GG, BB and non GG respectively: 20% (15/57), 34% (16/47)(p=not significant)). CONCLUSION: eNOS A/B and T/G polymorphism is not associated with a significantly elevated risk of restenosis after coronary angioplasty.
Alleles ; Angiography ; Angioplasty* ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Blood Platelets ; Exons ; Humans ; Introns ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Mutation, Missense ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stents

Background: The number and curriculum of dental hygienists in Korea have dramatically increased. Controversies have since resulted from insufficient job descriptions of the work performed by a dental hygienist. A dentist's perception was examined to legally reflect the actual work of dental hygienists. Methods: Four hundred and nineteen dentists were surveyed about the duties of a dental hygienist. Their views on the career and availability of each job were examined. The duties of the dental hygienist include 13 items in dental treatment preparation, 14 items of radiography, 21 items of preventive dentistry, 6 items of periodontal treatment, 12 items of oral medicine, 12 items of conservative dentistry, 8 items of prosthetics, 10 items of orthodontics, 7 items of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 6 items of implantation, 6 items of impression taking and model fabrication, 5 items of anesthesia and injection, 11 items of management and administrative, and 3 items of self-development. Results: Most of the duties were doable by a dental hygienist. Many dentists reported that managing implants, oral hygiene of special patients, some duties in oral medicine, teeth brightening, making temporary crowns, making individual trays, selecting shades, ligaturing, and precision impressions need ≥3 years of experience. Duties perceived by dentists not to be performed by dental hygienists were reading radiographs (55.4%), suture and stitch out (48.0%), intramuscular injection (36.0%), root planning (27.2%), cementation and removal of prostheses (23.2%), and examining pulp vitality (22.0%). Conclusion Current laws are to be revised to include, the care provided by dental hygienists and under a physician’s supervision. Flexibility is also needed to cope with rapidly changing dental technology.