Keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium occurs rarely in the upper urinary tract, especially in the ureter. It is associated in most cases with long-standing chronic inflammation but the exact pathogenesis is unknown, and the relationship to cancer has continued to be controversial. More cases should be accumulated for a better assessmnt of this lesion. Recently, we experienced a case of keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia in the renal pelvis, adjacent calyces and ureter following acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Herein, we are presenting our case with a review of literatures.

BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) are caused by the low rate of treatment response due to limitation in number of available drugs and high rates of adverse drug side-effects. This study analysed the risk factors for MDR-TB patients, who did not respond to treatment, with an aim to improve the rate of treatment response. METHODS: Retrospective study of 111 MDR-TB patients at National Mokpo Tuberculosis Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998 was made. The patients were separated into tow groups ; group I comprised of patients who were treated successfully and group II comprised of those were not treated successfully. In order to analyze the risk facotrs for treatment faulure, differences between the two groups were compared and the confidence limit regarding the results were tested using an independent t-test, chi-square test and a Fisher's exact tets. RESULTS: The treatment failure rate of MDO-TB patients was 32% (36 patients), and treatment success rate 68%(75 patients). This study found no significant difference between two groups in terms of age, sex, family history, extent of the disease on the chest X-ray, the number of sensitive drugs in the treatment regimen, and the number of sensitive bactericidal drugs in the treatement regimen (p>0.05). However, a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of tretaments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used showed a significant difference(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The rate of treatment failure in MDR-TB was increased by a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of treatments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used. For improving the treatment response of MDR-TB, every effort should be made to reduce the drug resistance caused by failure of the first treatment.
Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Thorax ; Treatment Failure* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

We present a case of acquired, bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules in 50-year-old women, She had deeply brownish, confluent or solitary macules and patches distributed symmetrically on the both side of the forehead and temple, since years ago. But there was no involvement (of ocular and oral mucosa. Histopathologic findings showed flattening of the rete ridges and elongated or irregular shaped melanocytes containing many melaiiin granules, in upper-and mid-dermis. And most of melanocytes showed positive reactions on Dopa stain.
Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Melanocytes ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; Nevus*

We experienced a case of scrotal calcinosis which was considered to be developed from the trichilemmal cysts of the scrotum. This 22 year-old male patient has been suffered from pea-sized hard muliple yellowish nodules of the scrotum since. about 5 years ago. Histopathologic findings revealed multiple cysts or calcium lumps surrounded by variable a.mounts of granulomatous inflammatory infiltrations in the dermis. The cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium without intercellular bridge and surrounded by scanty inflammatory cells. Several cysts contained homogenous keratinous material but most cysts contained calcium deposits within the homogenous keratinous materials or only the calcium lumps in the intact epithelial linings. Most of calcium lumps which had partially or completely disintegrated epithelial linings were surrounded by active granulomatous inflammatory infiltrations and a few calrium lumps with completely disintegrated epithelial linings had no surrounding inflammatory cells. Observing the above histopathologic features, we could consider that this case of scrotal calcinosis was developed from the scrotal trichilemmal cyst and some cases of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis, previousely reported, were the end stage of the above process.
Calcinosis* ; Calcium ; Dermis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Male ; Scrotum ; Young Adult

A clinical and histopathologic study was done on 48 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis among 43, 209 out-patients in Dermatologic department of Korea t.Jniversity Hospital during the period of 15 years and 9 mont4s from January, 1969 to September, 1984. These 48 cases were consistent with skin tuberculosis in histologic and clinicalI finc1ings, The result were summarized as follows: ]. The incidence of skin tuberculosis was 0 I 1 g among 43, 209 cases of outpatients. 2. Localized type of skin tuberculosis was 3. 2 times more frequent than disseminated type. Frequent skin tuberculosis was lupus vulgaris (57 3%), erythema induratum (12, 5%), tuberculosis verrucosa cutis(8.3%) and lupus milaris disseminatus faciei (8. 3%). 4, The ratio between male and fenmle was 1: l. 1. 5 The ages of onset were variable according to the types of skin tuberculosis. but 45 8% of all cases developed in the age group between 10 and 29 years. Seasonal incidences of skin tuberculosis were 52. 1% in spring, 85%, in winter, 18. 8% in summer, 4, 2%, in autumn. 7 In histopathologic findings, there were tubercle or tubrculoid structures in all cases and typical tubercle structures were observed in 18.8% The ratio of accordance between the histopathologic diagnosis and clinicopa thologic diagnosis was 81.3%.
Diagnosis ; Erythema Induratum ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lupus Vulgaris ; Male ; Outpatients ; Seasons ; Skin* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Violence*

Higher cognitive functions refer to the highest level of human intellectual functioning, including formation, reasoning, and executive functions. The executive functions can be conceptualized as having four components ; volition, planning, purposive action, and effective performance. Because higher cognitive functions represent the most advanced stages of intellectual development, they are often highly susceptible to the effects of brain injuries and mental disorders. The ability to perform effectively within the environment is determined in large part by an individual's adequacy in performing such higher-order function. Especially executive functions are necessary for appropriate, socially responsible, and effectively sell-serving adult conduct. Therefore, an assessment of the psychiatric patient's performance in these areas will provide useful diagnostic information, as well as information concerning social and vocational prognosis.
Adult ; Brain Injuries ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Prognosis ; Volition

We report herein a case of multiple glomus tumors on the scrotum in a 14-year-old boy. The lesions were present at birth and had gradually increased in size and number. Pea to thumb tip sized, dark colored nodules without pain sensation were confined to the scrotum. Histopathologically, there were many dilated and irregular vascular spaces lined by a single layer of flattened endothelial cells in the dermis. In the periphery of the endothelial cells, there are a few layers of glomus cells. No capsule was seen. Total excision of the tumors was performed. No recurrence was observed for an year after surgical excision.
Adolescent ; Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Male ; Parturition ; Peas ; Recurrence ; Scrotum ; Sensation ; Thumb

Multiple satellite pyogenic granuloma developed on the left upper back of a 14-year-old boy after excision of a hemangioma-like lesion. He has had nevus flammeus on the left upper arm since birth with fine linear telangietasiae around the main lesions. Histopathology showed the capillary proliferation in the dermis, and transmission electron microscopy revealed multiple Weibel-Palade bodies, considered an early endothelial cell marker, in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells. We believe this patient may have the propensity to develop different angiomatous lesions.
Adolescent ; Arm ; Capillaries ; Cytoplasm ; Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Granuloma, Pyogenic* ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Parturition ; Port-Wine Stain ; Weibel-Palade Bodies

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) is one of the most conimon forms of skin cancer that arises from the surface epidermis. Although many authors have reported on the incidence and clinical features of SCC, we could not find any reports concerning the widerange of histopathologic features of a number of cases of SCC in Korean dermatologic literature. OBJECTIVE: We examined the histopathologic features of SCC. METHOD: Twenty six biopsy specimens from 26 patients with SCC were examined microscopically including the tumors themselves and surrounding epidermis and dermis on routine histologic staining. RESULTS: Grade 1 tumor was found in 15 cases, grade 2 in 8 casese, and grade 3 in 3 cases. Eighteen cases showed keratin pearls, and 11 cases showed squamous eddies. P cantholysis of tumor cells was found in all 26 cases, but glandular structure was found only in 5 cases. The epidermis overlying the tumor showed hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis in all 26 cases, follicular plug in 13 cases, and ulceration in 18 cases. The dermis beneath the tumor showed vessel dilataticn, hemorrhage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in all 26 cases, and basophilic degeneration in 1.3 cases, fibrosis in 20 cases, lichenoid reaction in 6 cases, and necrosis in 6 cases. Rare dermal findings were abscess, foreign body reaction calcification and Russell body. CONCLUSION: The histopathologic findings of SCC were variable not inly those of the tumors themselves, but also those of the surrounding epidermis and dermis.
Abscess ; Basophils ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Fibrosis ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Parakeratosis ; Skin Neoplasms ; Ulcer