No abstract available.
Arm* ; Free Tissue Flaps*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic* ; Lung, Hyperlucent*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

To evaluate the differentiation status of smooth muscle in gastric stromal tumors which were negative for S-100 protein, immunohistochemistry using desmin, actin, myosin and vimentin was performed in 14 cases of gastric smooth muscle tumors. Ultrastructural Examination was also performed. For comparison a case of leiomyoma of the esophagus, a case of the sigmoid colon, 10 cases of the uterus were also examined. The results obtained were as follows. All gastric smooth muscle tumors showed vimentin-positivity. Six of 14 gastric smooth muscle tumors, (5 of 8 leiomyoma and 1 of 4 leiomyosarcoma) showed positivity for desmin, actin, and myosin(42.9%). All esophageal, colonic, and uterine leiomyomas showed diffuse positive reaction for desmin, actin, and myosin. Vimentin positivity was also noted in leiomyoma of the colon and uterus. Ultrastructurally, a few cells in the gastric stromal tumors had scattered microfilaments with dense bodies, subplasmalemmal dense plaques, and micropinocytic vesicles. However, most of the tumor cells did not have any of the ultrastructural features of smooth muscle differentiation. Leiomyomas of the esophagus and uterus showed many cytoplasmic microfilaments with dense bodies. These results suggest that most of the benign and malignant tumor cells of gastric stromal tumors have features of the undifferentiated cells, immunohistochemically as well as ultrastructurally, although a few cells have. It is speculated that most gastric stromal tumors may have lost their smooth muscle differentiation.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Nephrons* ; Population Characteristics* ; Rats*

Genetic changes associated with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are frequently observed in human cancers. These changes may be more frequent in multiple primary cancers than sporadic cancers. These experiments were designed in order to know the genetic changes using microsatellite PCR technique and the expression of tumor-associated genes by immunohistochemistry for c-myc and p53 in 17 cases of multiple primary carcinomas. The niicrosatellite instability (MSI) were found in 8 of 17 cases (47.1 %); six cases showed MSI in more than two microsatellite loci and two cases revealed MSI in one locus. MSI was found in 2 out of 7.patients (28.6%) of multiple primary carcinomas arising from the unrelated organs, and 6 out of 10 patients (60.0%) arising from the same or related organs. When each case of multiple primary carcinomas was examined, immunohistochemistry for c-myc was positive in 25 cases (71.4%) and p53 was positive in 21 cases (60.0%) out of 35 cases. But there was no correlation between MSI and expression of tumor-associated genes. From the above the results, MSI is more important in carcinogenesis of multiple primary carcinomas arising from the same or related organs than those from unrelated organs.
Carcinogenesis ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microsatellite Instability* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Oncogenes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Immunohistochemical study for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was performed on paraffin sections of 76 primary breast carcinomas to determine the relationship between expression of c-erbB-2 and various clinicopathological prognostic indicators, including the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Positive reaction for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein revealed an intense red granular staining predominantly located at the tumor cell membrane, with some cells exhibiting a weak cytoplasmic staining as well. The epithelial cells of the normal lobule and duct showed a negative reaction. Positive reaction for EGFR revealed a granular staining in the cytoplasm and the cell membrane of the tumor cells. Some tumors showed a positive EGFR staining in the epithelial cells of normal duct and lobule. Twenty six of 76 cases (34.2%) of primary breast carcinomas revealed a positive reaction for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, and 28 cases (36.8%) were positive for EGFR. Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and EGFR was evident in 37.7% and 40.6% of 69 classic invasive ductal carcinomas, respectively. None of the other histological types showed a positive reaction. Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was strongly associated with tumor size(p=0.0015), histologic grade(.p=0.0175), vascular invasion(p=0.0043), and lymph node metastasis(p=0.0024), but not with age at diagnosis(p=0.1836). No significant association was found between expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and EGFR. Co-expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and EGFR was also strongly associated with tumor size (p=0.0029). These results suggest that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein is biologically distinct from EGFR, and may be used as a prognostic indicator of breast carcinoma due to its strong association with various clinicopathological prognostic factors.

No abstract available.
Epithelium* ; Humans ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Cyclosporine* ; Humans ; Nephrosis, Lipoid*

Since the treatment of edentulous patients with osseointegrated implant was first introduced more than 30 years ago, implant therapy has become one of the most important dental treatment modalities today. Based on the previous experience and knowledge. Branemark Novum(R) protocol was introduced with the concept of simplifying surgical and prosthetic technique and reducing healing time recently. This protocol recommends the installation of three 5mm wide diameter fixtures in anterior mandible and the prefabricated titanium bars for superstructure fabrication. This study was designed to analyze the stress distribution at fixture and superstructure area according to changes of fixture number, diameter and superstructure materials. Four 3-dimensional finite element models were fabricated. Model 1 - 5 standard fixtures (13mm long and 3.75mm in diameter) & superstructure consisted of type IV gold alloy and resin Model 2 - 3 wide diameter fixtures (13mm long and 5.0mm in diameter) )& superstructure consisted of type IV gold alloy and resin Model 3 - 3 wide diameter fixtures (13mm long and 5.0mm in diameter) )& superstructure consisted of titanium and resin Model 4 - 3 wide diameter fixtures (13mm long and 5.0mm in diameter)& superstructure consisted of titanium and porcelain A 150N occlusal force was applied on the 1st molar of each model in 3 directions-vertical(90degree)horizontal(0degree)and oblique (120degree). After analyzing the stress and displacements, following results were obtained. 1. There were no significant difference in stress distribution among experimental models. 2. Model 2,3,4 showed less amount of compressive stress than that of model 1. However, tensile stress was similar. 3. Veneer material with a high modulus of elasticity demonstrated less stress accumulation in the superstructure. Within the limits of this study.Branemark Novum(R) protocol demonstrated comparable biomechanical properties to conventional protocol.
Alloys ; Bite Force ; Dental Porcelain ; Elastic Modulus ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Humans ; Mandible ; Models, Theoretical ; Molar ; Prosthodontics* ; Titanium