This is the clinical statistics concerning the admissions in the Pediatric Department of the Chosun University Hospital during the past 5 years from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1979. All the patients were classified by y Classification of Disease by W.H.O. The Obtained results are as follows: 1. Total number of admission during 5 year period were 3249 cases, of which 2121 cases (65.28%) were male, 1128 cases (34.72%) were female and male to female ratio was 1.88:1. 2. The number of patients were increased every year gradually. 3. On age group, Infancy age group was the most frequent group, 714 cases (22%), followed by School age group, 6679 cases (20.9%) and Preschool age group, 679 cases (20. 9% ) in the order of frequency. 4. On monthly distribution, there was the more admission in the September and the Autumn on season, 5. Infectious and Parasitic diseases were the most frequent, 840 cases(25. 9%), followed by Neonatal disease, 573 cases (17.6%) and Respiratory disease, 476 cases (14.7%) 6. Ten major leadil1g causes of hospitalization were Diarrheal disease, 323 cases (9. 9%) ,prematurity, pneumonia, common cold, epidemic encephalitis, hyperbilirubinemia, epilepsy, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis and typhoid fever in the order frequency.
Classification ; Common Cold ; Encephalitis, Arbovirus ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hepatitis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Inpatients* ; Male ; Parasitic Diseases ; Pneumonia ; Seasons ; Typhoid Fever

The femoral neck in children is dense and is small in diameter and its periosteum is thicker and stronger than that of an adult. Thus, fractures of the femoral neck in children, unlike the 60-year-old woman, are rare and usually require severe violence and this accounts for the high frequency of associated injuries. Since these fractures are rare and the femoral neck in children has many anatomic and physiologic differences, we have to consider some factors that work against treatment of these fractures. Twenty seven cases of fractures of the femoral neck in children which were treated at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Mediicne from Jan. 1971 to Dec. 1980 were analyzed both clinically and radiologically and the following results were obtained. 1. Among the 27 patients, the ratio of boys and girls was 2:1 and the highest incidence was between the ages of 3 and 5 years. 2. The main course of fractures was traffic accidents, 14 cases (51.9%) and the other causes were falling from a height (37.0%) and a few cases of a slip and a fall. 3. According to the classification of Delbet and Colonna, the cervico-trochanteric fracture (40.8%) was the commonest type and 13 cases (48.1%) were displaced fractures. 4. Common associated injuries were pelvic bone fractures, skull fractures, cerebral concussion and soft tissue injuries. 5. Fifteen cases (55.6%) were treated by conservative treatment and ten cases (37.0%) by closed reduction & internal fixation. 6. 23 of the 27 cases were followed for from 6 months to 10 years, average 19 months. The results were analyzed according to Ratliffs assessment and 14 cases (60.9%) showed good results. 7. Total cases with complications were 14 (60.9%), the commonest complication being coxa vara (40.8%) and the other main complications being premature epiphyseal closure (39.1%) and avascular necrosis (30.1%). 8. Secondary treatment was done in 6 cases and correction osteotomy was done in 4 cases which had showed a poor result. 9. Finally, factors affecting results were type of fracture, degree of displacement, maintenance of reduction, interval between injury and treatment, complications and patients age. 10. The authors recommend closed reduction and internal fixation with some threaded pins for all type II and type III fractures.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Brain Concussion ; Child ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Coxa Vara ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Osteotomy ; Pelvic Bones ; Periosteum ; Skull Fractures ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Violence

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: There have been no studies of airway management strategies for difficult intubation and cannot intubate, cannot ventilate (CICV) situations in Korea. This study was intended to survey devices or methods that Korean anesthesiologists and intensivists prefer in difficult intubation and CICV situations. METHODS: A face-to-face questionnaire that consisted of a doctor's preference, experience and comfort level for alternative airway management devices was presented to anesthesiologists and intensivists at study meetings and conferences from October 2014 to December 2014. RESULTS: We received 218 completed questionnaires. In regards to difficult intubation, the order of preferred alternative airway devices was a videolaryngoscope (51.8%), an optical stylet (22.9%), an intubating laryngeal mask airway (11.5%), and a fiber-optic bronchoscope (10.6%). One hundred forty-two (65.1%) respondents had encountered CICV situations, and most of the cases were identified during elective surgery. In CICV situations, the order of preferred methods of infraglottic airway management was cricothyroidotomy (CT) by intravenous (IV) catheter (57.3%), tracheostomy by a surgeon (18.8%), wire-guided CT (18.8%), CT using a bougie (2.8%), and open surgery CT using a scalpel (2.3%). Ninety-eight (45%) of the 218 respondents were familiar with the American Society of Anesthesiologists' difficult airway algorithm or Difficult Airway Society algorithm, and only 43 (19.7%) had participated in airway workshops within the past five years. CONCLUSION: The videolaryngoscope was the most preferred device for difficult airways. In CICV situations, the method of CT via an IV catheter was the most frequently used, followed by wire-guided CT method and tracheostomy by the attending surgeon.
Airway Management ; Bronchoscopes ; Catheters ; Congresses as Topic ; Education ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Korea* ; Laryngeal Masks ; Methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tracheostomy

Three cases of successful pregnancy outcome after intensive care in the patients with rare mullerian anomaly of complete uterine septum, hypoplastic cervical duplication and longitudinal vaginal septum in infertility clinic are reported. These presented three cases are the reports of supporting the embryologic hypothesis of bidirectional mullerian development which fusion and resorption begins at the isthmus and proceeds simultaneously in both the cranial and caudal directions rather than the classical views of unidirectional(caudal to cranial) mullerian development. Thus, we present here three cases of rare mullerian anomaly and their pregnancy outcomes in an attempt to alert gynecologist to the possible occurrence of such a malformation. In 2 cases, successful pregnancy outcomes were achieved after abdominal or hysteroscopic uterine septotomy before pregnancy and in the last case, successful pregnancy outcome intensive obstetric care was achieved even under uncorrected uterine anomaly and complete removal of uterine septum resulted in uneventful postoperative courses at the same time of cesarean section.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Critical Care* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy*

In our previous study, we observed that hydrosalpingeal fluid (HSF) adversely effect mouswe embryo development and hatching. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSF as assessed by the blastocyst development rate (BDR) and by cell counting in vitro HSF was collected from nine patients undergoing salpingoneostomy to correct hydrosalpinx. Two-cell embryos were obtained from superovulated ICR mice. T6 medium and T6+/-0.4% bovine serum albumin were used as control media. T6 medium containing 10% or 50% HSF and 100% HSF from each patient were used as test media. Nine to 15 embryos were cultured in microdrops prepared from each of these media. To assess the total cell number within each blastocyst, the blastocysts were fixed and stained with Hoechst 33342 to facilitate cell counting. The mean BDR in two control media were 88.89% and 85.40%. The mean BDR in media containing 10%, 50%, 100% HSF were 85.87%, 89.58% and 75.57%, respectively (*: p<0.05). The overall mean cell count (+/-SEM) in control media were 87.6+/-9.65 and 90.12+/-11.38. The BDR was affected adversely only by 100% HSF and not in media containing 10% or 50% HSF. Mean cell counts were decreased significantly only in blastocysts cultured 100% HSF (63.8+/-13.66; p<0.01) but not in blastocysts cultured in 10% or 50% HSF (91.3+/-12.44 and 82.9+/-18.27, respectively). Thus, it is concluded that HSF has no embyotoxic effect but has a mildly negatively effect on embryonic growth and development.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Serum Albumin, Bovine

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the shed endometrial tissues in menstrual fluid (MF) have adhesive potentials, using human amniotic membrane (AM). METHODS: The MF from 20 patients with regular menstruation was collected with Wallace catheter by aspiration from the uterine cavity on the second or third day of the menstrual period. The AM was obtained from the placenta of term delivery without any complication. The MF was washed and diluted fivefold with Hams F-10 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cell suspension was placed on either epithelial layer (EP) or extracellular matrix layer (ECM) of the AM. After 5 days of culture, the adhesion sites were observed under a stereomicroscope. For histological observation, each cultured AM was prepared for the serial paraffin section. RESULTS: The adhesion sites of endometrial tissues in MF were found both ECM (20/20) and EP (11/20) of the AM. The size of adhesion sites in each AM were highly variable from microscopic to macroscopic size. CONCLUSION: We found that the shed endometrial tissues in MF have adhesive potential to epithelial layer in addition to extracellular matrix layer of amniotic membrane. This adhesive potential may be related to pathogenesis of endometriosis. We suggest that this culture system can be useful as an in-vitro model for endometriosis.
Adhesives* ; Amnion* ; Catheters ; Endometriosis* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Paraffin ; Placenta

The purposes of the study was to examine changes in thickness and strength of the rat femur after administration of sodium fluoride in the drinking water. 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, and they were supplied with 0(control), 1, 5 and 50 ppm of fluoride in the drinking water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Rats were killed and both sides of femur were dissected. Bone strength was measured as the stress of failure of femur at the middle point and femoral neck with Instron. Histologic slides were prepared from the femur shaft with routine processing of fixing, demineralizing, embedding and HE staining. Thickness and area of cortical bone and medullary cavity were measured by using Camera Lucida and Image Analyzer. All the collected data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Duncanos multiple range test for post-hoc tests and ANCOVA using the SAS 6.12 package at the level of 0.05. Bone strength increased significantly in the animals given 1 and 5 ppm of fluoride in the water, as compared to the control group. There were significant decreases of stress at fracture in 50 ppmF group compared to the 1 and 5 ppmF groups. The similar trends of bone strength at the femoral neck fracture test, but there were no statistical significances. Cortical bone thickness and area of the femur increased in the 1 and 5 ppmF groups compared to the control. However, the thickness of 50 ppmF group also decreased significantly as compared to 1 and 5 ppmF groups. On the other hand, medullary thickness and area increased in all fluoride groups than control group. All of the findings presented support the conclusion that, low fluoride dosage used in water fluoridation could increase the bone strength and might have preventive effect on femur fracture.
Animals ; Drinking Water ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur* ; Fluoridation ; Fluorides ; Hand ; Humans ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Fluoride* ; Sodium* ; Water

The secondary implantation has gradually increased year by year. The authors conducted a study on eighty-two patients(92 eyes) recieving secondary intraocular lens implantation from Jan 1989 to Jan 1993. Sulcus fixation of posterior chamber IOL implantation was done in cases of intact or small posterior capsule rupture(56 cases). Anterior chamber intraocular lens(8 cases) and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation by scleral fixation(28 cases) was done in eyes with large posterior capsule rupture or no zonular support. Final postoperative visual acuity of 0.5 or better was acquired in 77 eyes(83.7%) and didn't show statistically significant difference in three groups. The postoperative complications induced IOL decent ration(9.8%), uveitis(6.7%), cystoid macular edema(3.3%), vitreous hemorrhage(3.3%), and retinal detachment(3.3%). The causes of postoperative decreased visual acuity were cystoid macular edema(2.2%), fibrous membrane on IOL(2.2%), IOL decentration(1.1%) and IOL dislocation(1.1%), No statistically significant difference was noted in postoperative central corneal endothelial cell loss in three groups.
Anterior Chamber ; Aphakia* ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Membranes ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinaldehyde ; Rupture ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: To pass through the microcirculation, erythrocytes need to undergo considerable deformation. We performed an experiment to investigate the erythrocyte deformability in healthy adults and in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and controlled hypertension. METHODS: 5ml of whole blood is anticoagulated with 2mg ethylenediaminotetra-acetic acid(EDTA). 1ml graduated plastic syringe, without its plunger, is filled with anticoagulated whole blood to the 1ml mark, And the syringe is put into the assembled membrane holder. Under standard condition, whole blood is passed through a 5micro polycarbonate membrane filter under negative pressure of 20cm H2O. The studies are performed at roon temperature and within two hours of venipuncture. RESULTS: Erythrocyte deformability was observed in 91 normal healthy adults and 25 patients with uncontrolled hypertension and 18 patients with controlled hypertension. Following results were obtained. 1) In male control age group I, II, III, the erythrocyte deformability indices were 0.776+/-0.125, 0.792+/-0.189, and 0.714+/-0.172 respectively and in female the indices were 0.880+/-0.138, 0.865+/-0.182 and 0.796+/-0.170 accordingly. 2) THe RBC deformability indices in female control troup were significantly higher than the male group in statistics(p<0.05). 3) No significant differences were observed among each age group in control. 4) In patients with uncontrolled hypertension, each age group I, II and III, the erythrocyte deformability indices were 0.785+/-0.050, 0.775+/-0.122, and 0.692+/-0.133 respectively and in control group, the indices were 0.8365+/-0.140, 0.8252+/-0.186 and 0.7534+/-0.173 accordingly. And in patients with controlled hypertension, the indices were 0.820+/-0.00, 0.788+/-0.135 and 0.716+/-0.141 accordingly. 5) The erythrocyte deformability inddex in patients with uncontrolled hypertension were significantly lower than the control group(p<0.05), and no significant differences were observed among each age group between male and female in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. 6) There was no significant statistical difference of deformability indices between uncontrolled group and controlled group(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the erythrocyte deformability in patients with essential hypertension is significantly lower than the healthy adults.
Adult ; Erythrocyte Deformability* ; Erythrocytes* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Membranes ; Microcirculation ; Phlebotomy ; Plastics ; Syringes