This study was performed to investigate the effect of endotoxin to the CCl4-induced liver injury. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected 1.6 g/kg CCl4 as control group. Another 24 rats were orally administrated 300 mg/kg of neomycin at 16 and 3 hours prior to CCl4 injection as experimental group. Twelve among them were intraperitoneally infected 1.0 mg/kg of endotoxin(E-Coli, 0111:B4, No L-2630, lipopolysaccharide, Sigma, USA) and CCl4 simultaneously for offsetting neomycin effect. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 4, 10, and 24 hours after CCl4 injection. The liver tissues from all experimental groups were observed by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In the CCl4 only group, the hepatocytes revealed sweling of ER and mitochondria with many lipid droplet in the cytoplasm. Focal cellular necrosis was seen at the later phase. The Kupffer cells were activated and showed many cytoplasmic processes, secondary lysosomes, and vaculoles. The endothelial cells were edematous. Several neutrophils, platelets, and microthrombi were scattered in the sinusoid. In the neomycin-CCl4-endotoxin administrated group, both hepatocytic destruction and intrasinusoidal microthrombi formation were more pronounced. In the neomycin pretreated group, the hepatocytes revealed mild cellular destruction without necrosis. There is no intrasinusoidal microthrombi. According to these results, it would be concluded that the small dosage of gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin affects to the liver injury caused by CCl4. The synergistic effects of CCl4 and gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin which can not be detoxified by damaged Kupffer cells, may be more important in the pathogenesis of CCl4-induced liver injury.
Rats ; Animals

We report a case of Waardenburgs syndrome in 18-year-old male patient who has total deafness of the right ear, heterochromia irides, hypopigmented patches on the face and trunk, and disseminated lentigines on the entire body surface since birth. His 51-year-old mother also has total deafness, heterochromia irides, white foreloek, and disseminated lentigines on the entire body surface. The patient with this disorder may complain of pigmentary abnormalities, and we believe dermatologists should pay more attention to systemic signs of the congenital pigmentary disorders.
Adolescent ; Deafness ; Ear ; Humans ; Lentigo ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Waardenburg Syndrome*

The prevalence of dermographism in 249 Korean pregnant and puerperal women was studied using a dermographic tester. The result was summarized as follows: 1. The prevslence rate of dermographism was 8.0%(20/249). 2. The prevalence rate of dermographism was not significantly correlated with the stages of pregnancy(p>0.1). 3 There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of dermographism between the pregnant and puerperal women(8.0%) and the control group of Korean women in the same ages(9.5%) (p>0.1).
Female ; Humans ; Prevalence*

This study investigated the stress of community residents in Kwang-Ju and Chonnam areas by using the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-60) as a instrument of stress measurement. The number of subject were 445 residents who lived in three areas (large city, middle city, and rural area) and they were individually interviewed in March, 1994. The result of study showed that the degrees of stress measured by GHQ-60 were statistically significant in the residents' area, age. sex variables: (a) the residents in middle city among three area had the highest level of stress: (b) the resident who were more than 60 in age had the highest level of stress: (c) the female resident had more stress than male residents: (d) particularly, the residents who were more than 60 years old in the middle city had the highest level of stress. Further, the results of factor analysis showed that there were three factors of social dysfunction, depression and anxiety, and psychosomatic symptom. The social dysfunction factor was statistically significant in both age and resident area variables. The depression and anxiety factor was statistically significant in the residents' area, age. sex variables. The psychosomatic symptom factor was statistically significant in both age and sex variables. The study suggested that they should give a special attention to solve the old people's stress because stress was closely related to residents age.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires*

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) is a newly accepted procedure for noninvasive treatment of urinary calculi. The clinical study was made in 109 patients(118 stones) with urinary stones who underwent ESWL. The results were as follows. 1. Among the 109 patients, 85 patients were male and 24 patients were female and age range of patients was from 18 years to 77 years with average 41.3 years. 2. In 118 stones, calyceal stones were 38 cases(32.2%), renal pelvis stones were 36 cases(30.5%), upper and lower ureter stones were 24 cases(20.3%) and 20 cases(17.0%), Staghorn calculi were 11 case(9.3%). 3. Stone free success rates depend on stone position and stone size. 4. Stones were completely fragmented in 95 cases(80,5%) and partially fragmented in 22 cases(18.6%). 5. Complications developed in 32 patients. There were colic pain in 26 cases, steinstrasse in 10 cases, fever in 6 cases, perirenal hematoma in 1 case and transient ileus in 1 case. 6. After ESWL, there were no significant changes in levels of alkaline phosphatase, amylase, GOT, GPT and creatinine except BUN. Levels of BUN were decreased significantly (p<0.05).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Amylases ; Calculi ; Colic ; Creatinine ; Female ; Fever ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Ileus ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lithotripsy* ; Male ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi*

No Abstract Available.
Health Behavior*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoclasts are the principal cell of bone resorption playing a major role in focal bone erosion associated with cholesteatoma. This study was conducted in order to investigate direct effect of substance P (SP) on osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHOD: SP dose response was measured in receptor activator for NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced mouse osteoclast culture and osteoclastic bone resorption assay. RT-PCR was performed for the expression of neurokinin(NK) receptor mRNAs in osteoclasts. RESULTS: Treatment with SP (100 nM and 1000 nM) significantly increased osteoclastogenesis. SP (0.1 nM and 1 nM) significantly increased resorption surface area on dentin slices by osteoclasts. Cultured osteoclasts expressed NK-2 receptor mRNA. CONCLUSION: SP has a direct upregulatory effect on osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic bone resorption that is mediated possibly by NK-2 receptor.
Animals ; Bone Resorption* ; Cholesteatoma ; Dentin ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; Osteoclasts* ; Receptors, Neurokinin-2 ; RNA, Messenger ; Substance P*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With modern endoscopes, the mastoidectomized cavity and the middle ear can be visualized with a minimally invasive technique. The author employed endoscopes in reoperation of the middle ear and analyzed the results to determine whether it can replace a conventional procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten ears undergoing endoscopic revision procedures had conventional canal wall up tympanomastoidectomies performed 6-15 months previously for chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma. The endoscopes were introduced through a postauricular hole to inspect the mastoid cavity, attic, and the tympanum systematically. A tympanomeatal flap was elevated to inspect the posterior tympanum and to reconstruct the ossicular chain. RESULTS: The mastoid cavity, attic, and the tympanum were directly visualized with endoscopes in 9 cases. Ossiculoplasties were performed with incus in 4 cases, with TORP in 3 cases, and with PORP in 2 cases. There was an epithelial pearl in the facial recess which was removed endoscopically. The intraoperative and postoperative courses were uneventful in all cases. The postoperative hearing results were favorable in the majority of the cases. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic revision surgeries of the middle ear were successfully performed in 9 out of 10 ears. With the employment of endoscopes, revision surgery of the middle ear can be converted into a minimally invasive one.
Cholesteatoma ; Ear ; Ear, Middle* ; Employment ; Endoscopes ; Hearing ; Incus ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Otitis Media ; Reoperation

To evaluate the effect of intertrochanteric femoral derotational osteotomy(IFDO) on the sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the hip and pelvis in spastic cerebral palsy, we compared the preoperative and post-operative results of 3 dimensional gait analysis. Intertrochanteric femoral derotational osteotomy alone without psoas procedure was performed in 34 hips of cerebral palsy patients with increased femoral anterversion regardless of preoperative dynamic or static hip flexion contracture. Those who had other concomitant hip procedures were excluded. There were 24 diplegics and 10 hemiplegics. Mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 9.1 years (range, 4.9 to 22). They were divided into three subgroups according to the degree of dynamic hip flexion contracture; 13 patients with normal hip extension in terminal stance (group I), 13 patients with maximum hip extension in terminal stance between 0 and 15 degrees (group II), and 8 patients with maximum hip extension in terminal stance of more than 15 degrees (group III). The gait analysis included clinical assessment, video-taping, 3D-kinematics and kinetics, and dynamic EMG. Linear parameters of gait, kinematic parameters, sagittal plane hip moment parameters, and total hip energy parameters were compared. Postoperatively, cadence and double support time decreased, whereas walking velocity and stride length increased in all groups. Maximum and minimum pelvic tilt were improved in all groups. The range of pelvic tilt improved in all groups except group I. Hip flexion-extension curve shifted into extension in all groups. Marked improvement in maximum hip extension in stance and the range of hip motion were observed in all groups. The sum of extensor moment decreased, whereas that of flexor moment increased significantly in all groups. The conversion timing from extensor to flexor moment significantly improved in group I and II. The decrease of power generations of Hl and the increase of power absorptions of H2 were significant in all groups. However, there were no significant changes in power generation of H3 in all groups. The changes of peak power generation timing of H3 was not consistent among the groups. Femoral derotational osteotomy at the intertrochanteric level brings the lesser trochanter forward resulting in iliopsoas lengthening effect. We found significant improvement of the sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the hip and pelvis when IFDO alone was performed without psoas tenotomy. The psoas lengthening procedure may be considered secondarily at the time of hardware removal after full evaluation of the psoas lengthening effect.
Absorption ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Contracture ; Family Characteristics ; Femur ; Gait ; Hip* ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Osteotomy* ; Pelvis* ; Tenotomy ; Walking

H2-receptor blockers are widely used for therapy of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease. H2-receptor blockers infrequently cause adverse hepatic effects, and when they occur they are usually asymptomatic. There are several previous reports of liver injury related to ranitidine. Until now, only two cases of acute hepatitis associated with the use of famotidine were reported in the world. We report three cases of clinical hepatitis that followed administration of famotidine (2 cases) and ranitidine (1 case). First, a 54-year-old woman received famotidine, 40mg, daily for treatment of erosive gastritis. After 6 weeks of treatment with famotidine, jaundice and itching sense developed. Second, a 45-year-old man was hospitalized for jaundice. He had a long history of duodenal ulcer and had been intermittently treated with famotidine. He had 6 weeks of treatment with famotidine prior to admission. Third, a 19-year-old woman was hospitalized for nausea, vomiting and urticaria. She had a history of acute hepatitis B virus infection and was discharged 4 weeks prior to readmission. She had been received ranitidine, 300 mg, daily for treatment of gastritis. After 17 days of drug ingestion, whenever she had taken her medication, she developed these symptoms of nausea, vomiting and urticaria. Other causes of hepatitis were ruled out and all patients recovered after discontinuation of drug ingestion.
Duodenal Ulcer ; Eating ; Famotidine* ; Female ; Gastritis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Peptic Ulcer ; Pruritus ; Ranitidine* ; Urticaria ; Vomiting ; Young Adult