V.parahaemolyticus or V.alginolyticus infections are usually associated with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish, contaminated food, and exposure of wounds to warm seawater. V.parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis(the most common syndrome), wound infections, and septicemia. V alginolyticus occasionally causes extraintestinal infections in humans. so far, the authors have not found the report of V.parahaemolyticus and V.alginolyticus isolation from a patient. So, we report a case of concurrent isolation of V.parahaemolyticus and V.alginolyticus from a patient who had a history of intestinal diarrhea and vomiting.
Diarrhea ; Humans ; Seawater ; Sepsis ; Shellfish ; Vibrio alginolyticus* ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus* ; Vibrio* ; Vomiting ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

V.parahaemolyticus or V.alginolyticus infections are usually associated with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish, contaminated food, and exposure of wounds to warm seawater. V.parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis(the most common syndrome), wound infections, and septicemia. V alginolyticus occasionally causes extraintestinal infections in humans. so far, the authors have not found the report of V.parahaemolyticus and V.alginolyticus isolation from a patient. So, we report a case of concurrent isolation of V.parahaemolyticus and V.alginolyticus from a patient who had a history of intestinal diarrhea and vomiting.
Diarrhea ; Humans ; Seawater ; Sepsis ; Shellfish ; Vibrio alginolyticus* ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus* ; Vibrio* ; Vomiting ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Hedgehogs ; Tinea ; Trichophyton

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to illustrate MR patterns of bone marrow of calvarium and vertebral body in normal subjects according the age distribution and to understand the course of the fatty replacement from red marrow. METHODS AND MATERIAL: We retrospectively evaluated MR examinations of the calvaria(n=71), cervical spine(n=71), thoracic spine(n=65), Imbar spine(n =68) in subjects without bone marrow abnormality whose age ranged 3 weeks to 74 years. Three distinctive patterns were categorized on Tl-weighted images of the skull. In pattern 1, uniformly low signal intensity with or without very small areas of high intensity in frontal and occipital bones is noted. In pattern 2, frontal and occipital bones have uniformly high signal intensity, and patchy area of high intensity appears in parietal bone. In pattern 3, the entire skull has uniformly high signal intensity. In the spine, four patterns were categorized on Tl-weighted MR images. In pattern 1, the vertebral body has uniformly low signal intensity except for linear areas of high intensity superior and inferior to basivertebral vein. In pattern 2, bandlike and triangular areas of high signal intensity are found in the periphery. Pattern 3 and 4 have diffusely distributed areas of high signal intensity; pattern 3 consist of numerous indistinct dots measuring a few millimeter or less, and pattern 4 consist of fairly well marginated areas ranging in size from 5 to 1.5cm. RESULT:In the calvaria, 73% of pattern 1 were younger than 20 years, pattern 2 were evenly distributed, and 86% of pattern 3 were older than 40 years. In the spine, 87% of pattern 1 were younger than 40 years, 72% of pattern 3 were in 40 to 50 years, and 87% of pattern 4 were older than 50 years. Pattern 2 were evenly distributed in the cervical and thoracic spine, but in the thoracic spine 62% were younger than 30 years. CONCLUSION:It is concluded that younger age group shows mainly pattern 1, whereas elderly group has pattern 3 or 4 in the calvarial and vertebral body marrow. This suggests that conversion to fatty marrow begin locally and progress diffusely with age.
Age Distribution* ; Aged ; Bone Marrow* ; Humans ; Occipital Bone ; Parietal Bone ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull* ; Spine ; Veins

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the outcome between interlocking IM nailing and LCP fixation in the treatment of distal metaphyseal tibial fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2007, 17 patient were treated by interlocking IM nail and 13 patient were treated by LCP fixation for distal metaphyseal tibial fracture. RESULTS: According to AO classification, there were 2 type A1 fracture (12%), 6 type A2 fracture (36%), 3 type A3 fracture (18%), 4 type B1 fracture (24%), 1 type B3 fracture (6%), 1 type C1 fracture (6%) in interlocking IM nailing group and 1 type A2 fracture (7.7%), 2 type A3 fracture (15.4%), 3 type B1 fracture (23%), 3 type B2 fracture (23%), 3 type C1 fracture (23%), 1 type C2 fracture (7.7%) in LCP fixation group. The clinical functional outcome (according to AOFAS score) is 75.6 point in IM nailing group and 81.5 point in LCP fixation group. In IM nailing group, 65% of patient showed satisfactory result and In LCP fixation group, 77% of patient showed satisfactory result. CONCLUSION: There is no difference on clinical results between IM nailing and MIPPO (minimal invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis) group in the treatment of distal tibia fracture. But MIPPO group have higher subjective satisfactory score and less complication rate. The weakness of our study is a small case number and limited follow-up and we believe a better designed prospective study will be needed.
Animals ; Ankle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nails ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Mast-Cell* ; Mast Cells*

The changes of total ascorbic acid level in the spinal cord tissues following experimental spinal cord injury were observed in the 20 cats. Three small areas (2x1.5cm sized) in the thoracic cord following laminectomy were made and the specimens were removed in one control and the other two areas after 5 & 30 minutes following impact injury respectively in each cat. The significant decrease of the total ascorbic acid level after 5 & 30 minutes following experimental spinal cord injury was found.
Animals ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Cats ; Laminectomy ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells has become an important process due to the therapeutic protocol, which includes stem cell transplantation after chemotherapy, for many hematological malignancies. The conventional medium contains 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant, but this has been reported to be related with many complications. We analyzed the usefulness of trehalose, catalase and zVAD-fmk for cryopreservation along with using a reduced concentration of DMSO to 5%. METHODS: Peripheral blood stem cells were frozen in 10% DMSO as a control and also in 5% DMSO with trehalose and catalase. After 3 weeks of storage in a liquid nitrogen tank, the viability of the thawed hematopoietic stem cells was measured using Trypan blue staining and 7-AAD analysis via conducting flow cytometry. The colony forming potential was assessed using methylcellulose culture. We measured the viability of cells in 5% DMSO medium with or without addition of 30 uM zVAD-fmk right after thawing, and we also did this 6 and 24 hours after incubation. RESULTS: Cryopreserved cells in 5% DMSO with trehalose and catalase showed similar survival (50.42%) compared with the control (49.78%). The viability of cells that were also treated with added zVAD-fmk showed a better result (13.12%) than without it (5.5%) after 24 hours of incubation. Colony forming assay showed similar colony formation in 5% DMSO with the natural cryoprotectants. CONCLUSION: According to the results, lowering the DMSO concentration to 5% is significant and we can expect better cell viability and prevent many side effects of high dose DMSO when adding natural cryprotectants in the cryopreservation medium or by adding caspase-inhibitor right after thawing.
Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ; Catalase ; Cell Survival ; Cryopreservation ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Diminazene ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Methylcellulose ; Nitrogen ; Safrole ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Trehalose ; Trypan Blue

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Plasma Cell* ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma* ; Plasmacytoma*

Only a few tests can evaluate the function of the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) are inhibitory potentials recorded in the contracting muscles, usually in the sternocleidomastoids (SCM), when sound stimuli are applied. A disynaptic pathway originating in the saccule is known to mediate VEMP. The main pathway of saccule-induced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to ipsilateral SCM motoneurons seems to be the medial vestibulospinal tract which descends within the medial longitudinal fasciculus. VEMP have been applied to determine saccular function in many disorders involving the peripheral vestibular apparatus. However, the characteristics and the diagnostic values of VEMP require further exploration in central vestibulopathies. In this review, the basic principles and recording methods of VEMP are overviewed. We will also review VEMP responses found in central as well as peripheral vestibular disorders. Despite several issues that need further elucidation, such as the exact neural pathway mediating VEMP, aging effects on VEMP, and normalization of the muscle contraction during the recording, VEMP allows us exclusive information on the function of saccule and its neural pathway, which cannot be provided by other vestibular function tests.
Aging ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Contracts ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Negotiating ; Neural Pathways ; Saccule and Utricle ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibule, Labyrinth