Posterior instability of the shoulder is far less common than anterior or multidirectional instability. There is still controversy in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent posterior instability, and many treatment protocols have been advocated. However the failure rate as high as 50% was reported. The purpose of this study is to introduce characteristic physical findings of posterior instability, to present our operative techniques, and to report the efficacy of a superior shift of the postero-inferior capsule in the treatment of recurrent posterior instability. From June 1995 to September 1996, five patients, six shoulders underwent postero-inferior capsular shift for posterior instahility and were evaluated at an average of 17 months(ranged from 9 to 26 months) after operation. The average age was 22.4 years. Preoperatively, mean scores of pain, stability and function according to American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) scoring system were 21, 9, and 16 points respectively and mean overall ASES score was 46 points. After surgery, the average range of motion was 175 of forward elevation and 74 of external rotation and internai rotation in back was up to the sixth thoracic level. Postoperative mean scores of pain, stability and function were 29, 34 and 25 points respectively and mean overall ASES score was 88.5 points. No patient had a recurrence of posterior instability. All patients had satisfactory results with significant improvement in stability and function except one case who had multidirectional instability that mainly involved the posterior component
Clinical Protocols ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence ; Shoulder*

The fractures of the distal femur are difficult to treat due to its severity of injuries and various complications. Recently, the complications including nonunion, delayed union and joint stiffness have decreased with development of new fixation device, technics and encouraging the early joint motion. We studied 50 cases of fractures treated at our hospital from January, 1980 to July, 1988 and the results obtained from this study were as follows:1. The age distribution was between 11 and 77 year-old, and the 3rd. 4th. decades were 64 % of total patients. 2. The most common cause of injuries was traffic accident(62%), and the open fractures were more common than the fractures of other reports(48%). 3. The types of fracture were unicondylar(21 cases), simple supracondylar(8), and intercondylar (21), according to Chiron's classification, and the intercondylar fractures were subdivided into type I (2 cases), type II A(6), type II B(10) and type III (3) by Neer's. 4. Among the 50 cases, the conservative treatments were done in 19 cases and the surgical one in 31 cases. The conservative treatments were done for undisplaced or minimal displsced fractures and the cases whose general conditions were so poor that operation were impossible. 5. In surgical treatments, the open reduction and the internal fixation(25 cases), the externsl fixation(4), the knee fusion(1) and the A-K amputation(1) were done. 6. The postoperative complications were joint stiffness(11 cases), malunion(3), delayed union(3) and infection(3). 7. The satisfactory results could be obtained by the open reduction and rigid internal fixation followed by early continous passive motion exercise of knee joint.
Age Distribution ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Postoperative Complications

No abstract available.
Pancreas*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the level of adjustment to hospital life, hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear by school-aged children, and investigate the influence of hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear on the hospital life of these children. METHODS: Participants were 112 three to six grade students who were hospitalized from 3 to 7 days at one of two children's hospital. Date were collected from September 2015 to March 2016. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for adjustment to hospital life was 3.43±0.40 of 5, for hospitalization recognition, 2.98±0.46 of 4 and for hospital-related fear, 1.37±0.28 of 3. Factors affecting adjustment to hospital life were hospital-related fear (β=-.28, p=.002) and hospitalization recognition (β=.27, p=.003). These factors explained 17% of the variance in adjustment to hospital life. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children is not sufficient enough for them to cope with illnesses and hospitalization. Therefore, to improve adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children, nursing interventions that focus on increasing hospitalization recognition and decreasing hospital-related fear need to be developed.
Child* ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; Nursing

The authors determined the value of performing urine microscopy on biochemically negative urine sepcimens in a pediatric population. The 746 urine specimens of patients who were either visited or admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, National Police Hospital, from March 1991 to July 1992 were reviewed on the basis of comparative evaluation of biochemical and microscopic urine analysis. Eight reactions of Clinitek(r) 200 were used as biochemical indicators, namely, pH, nitrite, albumin, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, and blood. Out of 746 urine specimens studied, 186 were true positive. Thirty-six specimens reacted biochemically in the absence of positive microscopic findings (false postive), 492 specimens were true negatives. Thirty-two specimens had negative biochemical indicators, in spite of positive microscopy. The sensitivity of the biochemical parameters for predicting significant microscopy of urinary sediment is 85% and the specificity is 99%. The positive predictive value is 69.7% and the negative predictive value is 99.3%. The sensitivity of blood for RBC is 94%. and the specificity is 99%. The predictive value of a positive result is 84.6% and that of a negative result is 99.7%. We therefore conclude that urine microscopy is less necessary in biochemically negative urine specimens from asymptomatic pediatric patients, with hopefully resultant time and cost effectiveness.
Bilirubin ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy ; Pediatrics ; Police ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinalysis* ; Urobilinogen

The efficacy of acetaminophen, sponging plus acetaminophen, and sponging alone as method of lowering body temperature was compared in 108 children aged 8 weeks to 5 years who presented with an axillary temperature of 38.5degrees C or greater during the period from January 1993 to April 1993. The following results were obtained. 1) The male to female ratio was 2.5:1 and clinical diagnosis in the order of frequency were upper respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, chickenpox and hand-foot-mouth disease. 2) At thirty minutes after treatment, there was no significant difference on the decrement of temperature among the three groups. 3) At sixty minutes, the temperature decrement was the greatest in the group of sponging plus acetaminophen and that was statistically significant (P<0.01). But there was no significant difference between the group of acetaminophen and that of sponging.
Acetaminophen ; Body Temperature ; Cellulitis ; Chickenpox ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever* ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Urinary Tract Infections

A black scab was observed on strawberry(Fragaria ananassa) in plastic film houses around Jinju area during the winter of 2000. The disease started from leaves then moved to calyx and runner. At the beginning, the infected area started with small dark brown spots then gradually expanded. The pathogenic fungus was purely isolated from the diseased leaves, calyx and runner. The fungus was inoculated to test Koch's postulates and proved to be the causal agent of the disease. The isolated fungus grew readily on potato dextrose agar, forming dark green to dark gray colonies. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was about 25degrees C. The diameter of growing hyphae was 3.8~5.6 microm. Conidia were ellipsoidal, ovoid or subspherical, mostly one-celled but occasionally septate. The size of conidia were 4.1~11.7x3.8~5.3 1-cell, 9.3~18.8x4.0~7.4 microm 2-cell and formed in long branched chains on the erected conidiophores which were dark brown and variable in length between 28.8~236.2x3.0~6.2 microm in size. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium herbarum on the basis of its morphological characteristics. The black scab disease of strawberry caused by C. herbarum has not been reported in Korea previously.
Agar ; Cladosporium* ; Fragaria* ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hyphae ; Korea* ; Plastics ; Solanum tuberosum ; Spores, Fungal

No abstract available.
Child* ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the level of knowledge, attitude and performance ability in CardioPulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and provided data for the development of an education program to improve CPR performance ability of nursery teachers. METHODS: The participants were 220 nursery teachers working in daycare centers in A city located in G province. Data were collected during July, 2013. RESULTS: The mean scores were 45.88 of 100 for knowledge, 3.69 of 5 for attitude, 2.65 of 5 for performance ability. There were significant differences in knowledge and performance ability according to education experience. There were positive correlations between knowledge and performance ability, and between attitude and performance ability. Factors affecting CPR performance ability were knowledge (beta=.133), attitude (beta=.327), and education in CPR (beta=.343). These factors explained 29.4% of the variance in CPR performance ability. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that nursery teachers' knowledge, attitude and CPR performance ability were not sufficient enough to perform accurate CPR in an emergency. Therefore, to improve performance ability of nursery teachers to carry out CPR in a cardiac arrest emergency of a child, educational strategies that focus on increasing knowledge and attitude need to be developed.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Child ; Education ; Emergencies ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Nurseries*

This study includes 19 cases of complicated low extremity injury to whom underwent microvascular free-tissue transfer in cases of open comminuted fracture, osteomyelitis, and vascular compromise or extensive soft tissue defect from Nov. 1994 to July 1997. The average time after injury to coverage was 25 days. The nineteen patients underwent a total of nineteen free tissue transfers primarily, and eighteen (94.7 per cent) of the transfers survived. Major complications were encountered recurrent failure of the free tissue transfer in one patient and partial necrosis in the other flap, which were successfully treated by flow-through radial forearm free flap and distally based superficial sural artery flap respectively. Two patients were sustained below knee amputation, one above knee amputation, despite of survival of flaps. This reveals limb salvage in 84 percent. The microvascular reconstruction is a versatile and reliable methods in complicated cases after severe trauma. Free tissue transplantation should be considered as a primary treatment in such complicated cases.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Knee ; Limb Salvage ; Lower Extremity* ; Necrosis ; Osteomyelitis ; Tissue Transplantation ; Transplants