Sonographic detection of ureteral jets entering the urinary bladder is a well-known procedure. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to image the ureteral jets in 28 patients with unilateral ureteral calculi proved by intravenous urography. Three major findings of ureteral jets were obtained in the affected ureter with a stone: less frequency (26 patients), weak reflection (20 patients), and lower grade in length (27 patients) that were significantly different from the unaffected side in the same patient. No significant differences were found between the ureteral jets and the degree of hydronephrosis or the location of a stone. In conclusion, these results suggest that ureteral jets should be checked routinely during the procedure of color Doppler ultrasonogram in patients with possible unilateral ureteral obstruction. Color Doppler examination of ureteral jets may be a important adjunct in routine pelvic ultrasonogram especially in patients who have absolute or relative contraindications of intravenous urography.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi* ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

Sonographic detection of ureteral jets entering the urinary bladder is a well-known procedure. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to image the ureteral jets in 28 patients with unilateral ureteral calculi proved by intravenous urography. Three major findings of ureteral jets were obtained in the affected ureter with a stone: less frequency (26 patients), weak reflection (20 patients), and lower grade in length (27 patients) that were significantly different from the unaffected side in the same patient. No significant differences were found between the ureteral jets and the degree of hydronephrosis or the location of a stone. In conclusion, these results suggest that ureteral jets should be checked routinely during the procedure of color Doppler ultrasonogram in patients with possible unilateral ureteral obstruction. Color Doppler examination of ureteral jets may be a important adjunct in routine pelvic ultrasonogram especially in patients who have absolute or relative contraindications of intravenous urography.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi* ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

No abstract available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans* ; Intestinal Mucosa*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic*

Paranasal sinus CT is known as the most effective imaging modality in the evaluation of inflammatory sinonasal diseases and can depict the distribution, causative lesions obstructing main drainge route, and associated findings. Recently, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has been widely used for the evaluation and treatment. Before operation, PNS CT has been routinely used to evaluate the paranasal sinuses and mucociliary drainage route. The authors analyzed the PNS CT findings of 3156 cases in 1578 patients with chronic sinusitis symptoms. Sinonasal inflammatory diseases were categorized into 5 patterns according to the obstruction sites. They were 1) infundibular (10%, 316/3156), 2) ostimeatal unit (41%, 1294/3156), 3) sphenoethmoidal recess (12%, 379/3156), 4) sinonasal polyposis (30%, 946/3156) , and 5) unclassifiable (6%, 190/3156) patterns. The main causes for infundibular obstruction in order of frequency were inflammatory mucosa, enlarged ethmoidal bulla and Haller's cell. With respect to the middle meatus obstruction, is main causes in the order of frequency were polypoid lesion, inflammatory mucosa and medially deviated uncinate process. In particular, sinonasal polyposis showed one or more of the characteristic associated findings of infundibular enlargement, air-fluid level, ethmoidal sinus was bulging and bony deossification or sclerosis as well as sinonasal polypoid change. In conclusion, the inflammatory sinonasal diseases were classified into five patterns, and the causative lesions or anatomic variations were efficiently detected by the PNS CT. Furthermore, it could provide a guidance for proper management of the sinusitis including functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Drainage ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Sclerosis ; Sinusitis

No abstract available.
Blood Gas Analysis* ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Immobilization* ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Muramidase* ; Paneth Cells* ; Rats*

During development of central nervous system, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation and cell death are required. It has been reported that a number of cells are dying during development in the mammalian retinae examined so far, but the pattern of cell death has not been clarified yet. In addition. little has been studied on cell proliferation after birth. This study was conducted to identify histogenesis, cell death and cell proliferation in the retinae of the developing rats by light and electron microscopic methods as well as by immunohistochemical method using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA] antiserum. The results were as follows : 1. In the developing rat, from postnatal 0 through 7 days, retina consisted of ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer and neuroblast layer. Neuroblast layer could be subdivided into three sublaminae : sublamina a, sublamina b and sublamina p, from postnatal 3 through 7 days. 2. From postnatal 10 days, retina consisted of ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer. 3. Cells undergoing degeneration were observed from postnatal 0 to 13 days, and patterns of cell death were apoptosis, cytoplasmic degeneration and autophagic degeneration. 4. PCNA-immunoreactivity was seen in the cells located in sublaminae b and p of the neuroblast layer at postnatal 0 and 1 days. From postnatal 3 days PCNA immunoreactivity decreased. At 7-day-old rat, PCNA-Immunoreactive cells scattered in the distal part of sublamina p of the neuroblast layer.No immunoreactivity was observed from postnatal 10 days. These results demonstrate that retinal cell proliferation ends at postnatal 7 days, and histogenesis of retina is completed at postnatal 10 days, and superfluous cells during retinal development are eliminated by apoptosis, cytoplasmic degeneration and autophagic degeneration.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Death* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation* ; Central Nervous System ; Cytoplasm ; Ganglion Cysts ; Parturition* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde