No abstract available.
Gallstones*

No abstract available.
Dermoscopy ; Hemangioma* ; Lasers, Dye

This study was conducted to estimate the safety level of non-cooking and cooking processed foods to propose the sanitary management of foods donated to foodbanks. The time and temperature were measured and the microbial levels of aerobic plate counts (APC), coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. coli O157:H7 were analyzed on ten food items donated to seven foodbanks. The amount of cooked foods donated to each foodbank was about 10 to 40 servings. All foodbanks hired a supervisor and had at least one refrigerator/freezer and one temperature-controlled vehicle, but only four foodbanks had the separate offices to manage the foodbank operation. The flow of donated foods was gone through the steps; production, meal service and holding at donator, collection by foodbank, transport (or holding after transport) and distribution to recipients. After production, the levels of APC of both non-cooking and cooking processed foods were complied with the standards by Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, and were not increased till distribution. Only the level of coliforms in dried squid & cucumber salad (1.5x10(3) CFU/g) was not met the standards. E. coli and other pathogens were not detected in all tested samples. The microbial levels of delivery vessels and work tables were satisfactory, but the APC levels of two of four tested serving tables (6.9x10(3) and 5.3x10(3) CFU/100cm2) and the coliforms level of one (1.1x10(3) CFU/100cm2) were over the standards. The air-borne microflora level in serving room was estimated as satisfactory. It took about 3.0 to 6.5 hours from after-production to distribution and the temperatures of donated foods were exposed mostly to temperature danger zone, which had a high potential of microbial growth. These results imply that a checklist to monitor time and temperature in each step should be provided and the employees involving foodbank operation should be properly educated to ensure the safety of donated foods.
Checklist ; Cooking ; Decapodiformes ; Education ; Meals ; Salmonella ; Staff Development

Although urine cytology has been used as a useful diagnostic and followup procedure for bladder tumors, it has difficulties in diagnosing low grade and superficial bladder tumors. Recently, flow cytometric DNA analysis is developing an increasing role in the evaluation of patients with possible urothelial malignancy. We evaluated the value of urine cytology and flow cytometry in the diagnosis and the followup of 91 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma between January 1989 and December l992. Positive cytology was detected in 37.4 percent of 91 patients. Among the 74 patients who were examined by urine cytology and flow cytometry, the detection rate was 39.2 percent by cytology, 47.3 percent by flow cytometry and 60.8 percent when both modalities were used. In the 33 recurrences, the detection rate was 63.6 percent by cytology, 57.6 percent by flow cytometry and 75.8 percent by both modalities. The results of this study indicated that urine cytology and flow cytometry have relatively low sensitivity in the diagnosis of superficial bladder tumors, but have higher sensitivity in recurrent tumors. A combination of urine cytology and flow cytometry increased diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, the combination of urine cytology and flow cytometry is a useful adjunct procedure for the diagnosis and followup of patients with superficial bladder tumors.
Diagnosis ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

To ensure the microbiological safety of food items prepared after cooking process, this study was aimed to identify the hazards related with cooked foods donated to foodbanks through quantitative microbial analysis. Five foodbanks located in Incheon and Gyeonggi area among government-dominant foodbanks were surveyed from February to June, 2007. Manager, recipient, donator, type and quantity of donated food, and facility and equipment were examined for the general characteristics of foodbank. The time and temperature of food and environment were measured at steps from after-production to before-distribution, and the microbial analysis was performed mainly with indicator organism and major pathogens. The amount of cooked foods donated to each foodbank was about 20 to 30 servings and consisted of 80% of total donated foods. Only three foodbanks had separate offices for foodbank operation and four institutions had at least one temperature-controlled vehicle. The flow of donated foods was gone through the steps; production, meal service and holding at donator, collection by foodbank, transport (or holding after transport) and distribution to recipients. It took about 3.8 to 6.5 hours at room temperature from after-production to beforedistribution. Only aerobic plate counts (APC) and coliforms were found in microbial analysis. The APC after production were relatively high in 8.2 x 10(5), 7.4 x 10(5), 6.9 x 10(5) and 4.2 x 10(5) CFU/g while 2.8 x 10(6), 9.4 x 10(5), 1.0 x 10(6) and 5.4 x 10(5) CFU/g before distribution in mixed Pimpinella brachycarpa, mixed chard, mixed amaranth and mixed spinach, respectively. The levels of coliforms in mixed chard and mixed spinach were complied with the standards of the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Management. The level of APC in boiled pork was increased from < 1.0 x 10 CFU/g to 4.0 x 10(2) CFU/g. One of delivery vessels was shown 6.2 x 10(3)CFU/100 cm2 in APC, which was over the standards for environment. One of serving tables also showed the high level of 1.2 x 10(3) CFU/100 cm2 in APC and 6.6 x 10(2) CFU/100 cm2 in coliforms. These results suggest the sanitary management of holding at donator and the time-temperature control are key factors to ensure the safety of cooked foods donated to foodbank.
Beta vulgaris ; Cooking ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Incheon ; Meals ; Pimpinella ; Spinacia oleracea

We report a case of renoduodenal fistula resulting from papillary renal cell carcinoma. A 72-year-old woman presented with nausea, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Abdominal CT, UGI and sinography revealed fistula between the right renal mass and the duodenum. Radical nephrectomy and duodenal wedge resection was performed and a friable mass with a fistula between the lower pole mass of the right kidney and second portion of the duodenum was found. Histologic evaluation for renal mass showed papillary renal cell carcinoma. We describe this case and review the previously reports of renoduodenal fistulae.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Diarrhea ; Duodenum ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nausea ; Nephrectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The concept of myocardial injury after coronary occlusion is changing in recent years. Brief episode of ischemial induces reversible myocardial injury and repeated brief ischemic insults might cause myocardial necrosis due to cummulative damages. Recent observations showed that brief episodes of ischemia have protective effects on the myocardium increasing the myocardial tolerance to a subsequent sustained ischemic insult. This phenomenon is termed ischemic preconditioning and can be noticed after a variety of protocols in multiple species of experimental animals. This study was planned to 1) measure the changes of hemodynamic parameters and the ischemic damage of insulted myocardium during ischemic preconditioning, and 2) compare the infarct sizes with or without preconditioning. METHODS: Using canine model of a single 90 minutes' occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery and 240 minutes' reperfusion, 14 mongrel dogs were randomized to with(n=7) or without(n=7) ischemic preconditioning such as four 5 minutes' occlusion and 5 minutes' reperfusion, Changes of hemodynamic parameters and extents of the ischemic myocardial damages during preconditioning were observed. And using in vitro myocardial staining with monastral blue and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, we compared the infarct sizes and risk areas in two groups of occlusion and reperfusion canine model with and without preconditioning. RESULTS: 1) Heart rate was significantly decreased after first 5 minutes' occlusion compared with those of basal control(151+/-27 VS 163+/-25 BPM, p<0.05) without further changes in subsequent ischemic insults. Left ventricular systolic pressure was significantly decreased after first 5 minutes' occlusion(109.0+/-19.9 VS 130.6+/-23.3mmHg, p<0.005), and after first 5 minutes' reperfusion and second 5 minutes' occlusion compared with those of basal control(111.3+/-29.8, 109.9+/-17.2 VS 130.6+/-23.3mmHg respectively, p<0.05), without further changes during remaining ischemia. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure and maximum +dp/dt were not changed. Peak -dp/dt was decreased significantly after first and second 5 min occlusion(943.7+/-294.4, and 962.1+/-281.5) from basal control level(1168.2+/-358.8mmHg, p<0.05). Thereafter no change was noted during remaining preconditioning. The changes in rate-pressure product were same as those of left ventricular systolic pressure(first 5 minutes occlusion ; 17.3+/-3.7 VS 21.2+/-3.5, p<0.005, second 5 minutes' occlusion ; 17.9+/-5.3, 18.1+/-3.4 VS 21.2+/-3.5, p<0.05). 2)Transmyocardial lactate extraction ratio was significantly decreased in early phase of ischemic preconditioning(17.5+/-11.3 VS 25.2+/-9.9%, p<0.05). 3) Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, maximum +dp/dt, peak -dp/dt and rate-pressure product were changed similarly in both control and precontioned groups. 4) There was no significant difference of mean myocardial blood flows in infarct zones, which represent collateral blood flow, after 5 minutes' brief occlusion and 60 minutes of sustained occlusion in preconditioned group. 5) The infarct area/risk area ratio was significantly reduced in preconditioned group(27.0+/-9.6 VS 5.6+/-3.1%, p<0.005), but the risk area/left ventricular area ratio showed no difference in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, in the early phase of brief repeated occlusion and reperfusion, myocardial ischemic damage accompaning systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfuctions develops and myocardial protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was obtained at the same time. Ischemic preconditioning group demonstrated reduced infarct sizes compared to those of control group after 90 minutes' sustained ischemia and reperfusion in canine acute myocardial infarction model.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dogs ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Lactic Acid ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Myocardium ; Necrosis ; Reperfusion

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: For Neer type IIB fracture of distal clavicle with coracoclavicular ligament injury, various surgical treatments have been used in literatures. However, there was no consensus on the optimal treatment. The aim of this study is to report the clinical and radiological results of open reduction and internal fixation of unstable distal clavicle fracture and suture augmentation of disrupted coracoclavicular ligament. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 23 patients with Neer type IIB distal clavicle fracture in Seoul Medical Center, Eulji Hospital, and National Medical Center. Firstly, suture anchors are inserted in the base of coracoid process and preliminary reduction was achieved by tie-off of three suture limbs around the clavicle. Then, the final fixation was completed with anatomical locking plate. Bony union and the distance between coracoclavicular ligaments were evaluated. Clinical results and complications including stiffness and secondary procedures were evaluated. RESULTS: Bony union was achieved in all cases except one (22 of 23). At mean 14.9 months, no significant difference in the mean coracoclavicular distance was observed compared to uninjured shoulder (8.2 +/- 7.9 mm versus 7.3 +/- 3.4 mm, p=0.14). Pain visual analogue scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were 0.5, 83.4, 78.5, and 6.2, respectively. Revision surgery was performed in one case of nonunion. Four patients who complained of skin irritation underwent implant removal. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of an unstable distal clavicle fracture with coracoclavicular ligament disruption, satisfactory clinical results were obtained by locking plate fixation and coracoclavicular ligament suture augmentation concurrently.
Arm ; Clavicle* ; Consensus ; Elbow ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Ligaments* ; Prospective Studies ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Fractures ; Skin ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B/*drug therapy/virology ; Hepatitis B virus/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation