No abstract available.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione* ; Cycloheximide* ; Dizocilpine Maleate*

Typical vasculitic neuropathy commonly manifests as a subacute multiple mononeuropathy, symmetrical or asymmetrical sensori-motor polyneuropathy. Various clinical presentations of peripheral neuropathy may confuse the diagnostic approach sometimes. A 76-year old man presented progressive areflexic ascending paralysis. gait ataxia, severe vibration and position sense impairment for 1 month. We initially considered as subacute demyelinating polyneuropathy. Electrophysiologic studies showed mainly axonopathy with some evidence of demyelination. We performed sural nerve biopsy and diagnosed as vasculitic neuropathy. No laboratory data or clinical findings favored systemic vasculitic involvement. So we concluded vasculitis confined to the peripheral nerves. Vasculitic neuropathy rarely presented as large myelinated nerve fiber disease. It should be considered the clinical variability of vasculitic neuropathy so extensive studies are needed in the case of peripheral polyneuropathy with indefinite cause.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Gait Ataxia ; Humans ; Mononeuropathies ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; Paralysis* ; Peripheral Nerves ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Polyneuropathies ; Proprioception ; Sural Nerve ; Vasculitis ; Vibration

The hypotensive effect of diltiazem hydrochloride(Herben(R)) was investigated with 32 cases of essential hypertension. Diltiazem, 90-180mg per day, was administer ed in divided doses to each of the subjects for 6 week and the blood pressure lowering effect was assessed, as remarkably effective when the lowering of blood pressure was, 20mmHg or more of systolic pressure and 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure; as satisfactorily effective when 20mmH or more of systolic pressure or 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure was lowered; as fairly effective when 10-19mmHg of systolic pressure and 5-9mmHg of diastolic pressure. 1. With above mentioned criteria, diltiazem was remarkably, satisfactorily and fairly effective in 11(37%), 13(43%) and 1(3%) of 30 patients, respectively, while the drug was ineffective in 5(17%). 2. Diltiazem was effective in lowering of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and was effective as a sole agent of as an agent of combination therapy. 3. With diltiazem treatment, the depressed ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in all of 10 cases which showed ST depression before diltiazem treatment and the elevated ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in 1 of 2 cases. all of 4 cases with flat T wave and 10 of 12 cases with inverted T wave showed conversion to upright T waves after diltiazem treatment. 4. Undesirable side effects was observed in 2 cases out of 32 cases(6%); 1 case of erythema multiforme-like skin eruption and 1 case of the clinical aggravation of congestive heart failure, in whom the diltiazem administration was discontinued.
Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Diltiazem* ; Erythema ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute* ; Trephining*

No abstract available.
Conus Snail* ; Hemangioblastoma*

No abstract available.
Conus Snail* ; Hemangioblastoma*

Along with the enactment of a law separating the prescribing and dispensing of drugs in Korea in 2000, attempts at reducing medical expenses by generic substitution have been allowed since August 2001 so long as generic products are bioequivalent to the original products. In the pharmaceutical industry, the required development and investment to make generic products are much less in terms of time and money. Thus, the number of bioequivalence studies in Korea has increased. This has resulted in the need for bioequivalence recommendations (guidelines), taking into account the circumstances of the Korean pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, we provide procedures for making bioequivalence determinations for individual products acting on the circulatory system (30 drugs, 2011), the components of which are widely accepted for the development of generic products in Korea. These recommendations correspond with international guidelines, such as those of the US FDA and EMEA. For the 30 drugs that act on the circulatory system, we examined each in terms of subject selection (healthy volunteers vs. patients), dosage strength, dosage route, analytes to measure, and evaluation parameters, and prepared bioequivalence recommendations for individual products through an analysis of many published papers, US FDA and EMEA guidelines, and clinical trial websites. Based on the bioequivalence recommendations for individual products, we had several meetings in which KFDA officers (members of the New Drug Research team and the Office of Generic Drugs), three pharmacy professors with expertise in drug analysis and pharmacokinetics, and three professors of medicine with extensive experience in clinical trials participated to confirm and discuss the contents. Finally, the bioequivalence recommendations for individual products were provided on the KFDA website. The individual bioequivalence recommendations have been used by KFDA officers in drug evaluations and bioequivalency testing to improve consistency, clarity, and professionalism in the drug evaluation process. These recommendations will be useful for domestic pharmaceutical companies by shortening the time and cost associated with bioequivalence studies, especially in terms of standardized trial designs, dosage forms, and analytical methods.
Dosage Forms ; Drug Evaluation ; Drug Industry ; Drug Substitution ; Drugs, Generic ; Investments ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Pharmacy ; Therapeutic Equivalency

In accidental or suicidal methanol ingestion, bilateral necrosis of the putamen and hemispheric white matter lesions are the most common findings on CT and MRI. There are a few reports that have demonstrated abnormal CT findings in methanol intoxication, however, to our knowledge, contrast enhancement of these lesions have not been reported in Korea. We report the case of a 36-year-old male who had a brain MRI performed 3 weeks after accidental methanol intoxication. T2 weighted MRI showed bilateral symmetrical high signal lesions in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia with hemorrhaegic necrosis. A postcontrast MRI demonstrated multifocal enhancing lesions in both frontal lobes, right temporal lobe, both basal ganglias and both cerebellar hemispheres. We suggest that the characteristic brain MRI finding and careful history taking are helpful in diagnosis of methanol intoxication.
Adult ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain* ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Methanol* ; Necrosis ; Putamen ; Temporal Lobe

Neuroimaging of the brain is useful diagnostic evaluation of patients with hepatic encephalopathy msofar as it is able to exclude other causes of abno rmal mental status. Recently, changes of basal ganglia on MRI characteriwd by increased signal mtensity on Tl-weighted images were reported m patients with liver cirrhosis. Signal abnormality involves mainly the globus pallidus and seems to be specific for patients with chronic liver disease. Its pathogenesis and significance are obscure, and no pathological reports have been made. We experienced 3 cases of Chronic acquired hepatic failure whose MRI showed increased signal in-tensity in the basal ganglia on Tl-weighted imaging. Our findings su-ggest that basal ganglia signal abnormality could arise as a marker of brain impairment related to deposition of an unidentified paramagnetic substance or altered intracellular water relaxation.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Globus Pallidus ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Failure* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Relaxation

Orientia tsutsugamushi, a causative pathogen of Scrub typhus, is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced from the membrane of bacteria and play many roles related to the survival of the pathogen. However, there have been no reports confirming whether O. tsutsugamushi indeed produce OMVs. O. tsutsugamushi boryong was cultured in ECV-304 cells for the purification of OMVs. Western blot analysis and immunoenrichment using anti-O. tsutsugamushi monoclonal antibody and electron microscopy were employed for identification and characterization of OMVs. We confirm the presence of OMVs derived from O. tsutsugamushi, and also found that those OMVs contain a major surface antigen of 56-kDa protein and variant immunogenic antigens.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Orientia tsutsugamushi/*immunology/metabolism ; Scrub Typhus/diagnosis/microbiology ; Secretory Vesicles/*immunology