Hexafluorenium was used to potentiat succinylcholine in 36 patients undergoing major surgery, mainly abdominal, of from 1/2 to 7 hours duration. Anesthesia consisted of thiopental-nitrous oxide-oxygen-ether or haIothane and ventilation was controlled. In a first group, succinylcholine was administered for intubaticn and repeated intermittently as required with a single dose of hexafluorenium after the intubating dose of succinylcholine had worn off. In a second group, succinylcholine was administered similary but hexafluorenium was also given intermittenly. In a third group, a single initial dose of hexafluorenium was given followed by succinylcholine intermittently. In a fourth group, both drugs were given intermittently throughout, 1) The apnea time of succinylcholine was prolonged about 8times after a single dose of hexafluorenium in the first and third groups but the prolongation was gradually lessened with successive doses of succinylchohne. Rut in second and fourth groups, the apnea times were significantly prolonged following successive dose of both drugs. 2) In third and fourth groups, fasieulation following succinylcholine was not observed and nausea, vomiting and muscle pains were not noted. 3) In recovery room, about 80% of patients could raise their heads by themselves but ether required longer recovery than halthane. 4) No bronchospasm or cardiovascular side effects were noted. It is considered that this drug combinations provides excellent relatation for surgery. The technique with a single dose of hexafluorenium seems particularlly suitable in cases which last from 30 minutes up to 2 or 3 hours and repeated doses of hexafluorenium and succinylchloin are advisable for longer major cases.
Anesthesia* ; Apnea ; Bronchial Spasm ; Drug Combinations ; Ether ; Head ; Humans ; Myalgia ; Nausea ; Recovery Room ; Relaxation* ; Succinylcholine ; Ventilation ; Vomiting

A 6-year old girl was diagnosed as atrophoderma vermiculatum on face, especially on cheek and preauricular area, and dorsum of both hands. She had suffered from congenital heart disease which was diagnosed as ventricular septal defect by cardiac: catheterization and cineangiography in final. Three months after patch repair of ventricular septal defect, no further new skin lesion developed. But reticulate skin atrophy was remained.
Atrophy ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cheek ; Child ; Cineangiography ; Female ; Hand ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Skin

In vivo ethane production in rats was used as an index of oxygen toxicity. The rats were allocated to four exposure conditions; hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO=5 ATA, 100% O2), normobaric oxygenation (NBO=1 ATA, 100% O2), hyperbaric aeration (HBA=5 ATA, 21% O2) and normobaric aeration (NBA=1 ATA, 21% O2). After 120 minutes of exposure, the rats exposed to high concentration and/or high pressure oxygen exhaled significantly larger amounts of ethane than those exposed to NBA, and the differences in ethane production between any two groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). This finding supports the hypothesis that hypothesis that hyperoxia increase oxygen free-radicals and the radicals produce ethane as a result of lipid peroxidation. It is notable that the ethane exhalation level of the HBA group was significantly higher than that of the NBO group. This difference could not be accounted for by the alveolar oxygen partial pressure difference between the two groups.
Animals ; Ethane* ; Exhalation* ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Hyperoxia* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Rats

The problem of carbon monoxide intoxication has been increasing since 1950s and it is still regarded as one of the most serious public health problem in Korea. If the patients survives the acute episode, elimination of carbon monoxide occurs in the rate of a halt-time of 3 to 4 hours. Nevertheless, there may remain after effect. Therefore, the present study was desinged to elucidate the change of myocardial tissue caused by acute carbon monoxide poisoning were evaluated by electrton microscopic observation of the severity of the mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome oxidase activity, which was demonstrated by histochemical staining with diaminobenzidine(DAB). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to the carbon monoxide of 1500 ppm for 150 minutes. They were divided into two groups ; one group were treated with hyperbaric oxygenation 15 minutes after carbon monoxide exposure, the other were not treated. Rats were sacrified 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7days, 14 days, and 21 days after carbon monoxide exposure. The specimens were collected from the apex of the heart. In the group without hyperbaric oxygenation, mitochondrial swelling subsided 21 days after carbon monoxide exposure accompained by restoration of cytochrome oxidase activity. On the other hand, with hyperbaric oxygenation, healing process was shortened. Cytochrome oxidase activity was restored 7 days after carbon monoxide exposure.
Animals ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Cytochromes* ; Electron Transport Complex IV* ; Hand ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Korea ; Male ; Mitochondria* ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Myocardium* ; Public Health ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

PURPOSE: Leptin is an adipocyte-derived blood-borne satiety factor that acts on its cognate leptin receptor in the hypothalamus, thereby regulating food intake and energy expenditure. We measured the leptin concentrations in serum of normal and obese children with human leptin ELISA kit, unlike previous study with leptin RIA kit and investigated the relationship between leptin concentrations and body mass index, gender, and age. METHODS: We measured serum concentrations of leptin in 67 children who were visited to the Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital during the period of 5 months from February, 1999 to June, 1999. Height, weight, obesity index, and body mass index were measured in 67 subjects. Leptin values in serum were measured by sandwich ELISA method. Data analysis was done according to the obesity, body mass index, gender and age. RESULTS: The mean concentration of leptin was 7.69±8.83 ng/ml in normal children group and 36.34±18.57 ng/ml in obese group. Serum leptin concentrations were significant correlation with the body mass index (p < 0.01). Serum leptin concentration was significant higher in the group of over 10 years of age (p < 0.01). Leptin levels showed no significant difference by gender. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in obesity group than in control one, and they were correlated with body mass index and age. Measurements of leptin value by sandwich ELISA method are very useful and easily applicable to determine obesity.
Body Mass Index ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Leptin ; Methods ; Obesity ; Pediatrics ; Receptors, Leptin ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation* ; Platelet Activation*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to present our 5-year experience of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) performed by emergency physicians. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 58 patients who underwent ECPR between January 2010 and December 2014. The primary parameter analyzed was survival to hospital discharge. The secondary parameters analyzed were neurologic outcome at hospital discharge, cannulation time, and ECPR-related complications. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (53.4%) were successfully weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 18 (31.0%) survived to hospital discharge. Twelve patients (20.7%) were discharged with good neurologic outcomes. The median cannulation time was 25.0 min (interquartile range 20.0-31.0 min). Nineteen patients (32.8%) had ECPR-related complications, the most frequent being distal limb ischemia. Regarding the initial presentation, 52 patients (83.9%) collapsed due to a cardiac etiology, and acute myocardial infarction (33/62, 53.2%) was the most common cause of cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS: The survival to hospital discharge rate for cardiac arrest patients who underwent ECPR conducted by an emergency physician was within the acceptable limits. The cannulation time and complications following ECPR were comparable to those found in previous studies.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Catheterization ; Emergencies* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Extremities ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Infarction ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common causative microorganism in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In this infection tubal obstruction, infertility, tubal pregnancy and recurrent pelvic infection has involved. Also, perinatal infection, spontaneous abortion and preterm labor of pregnant women increased in chlamydia infection. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis in symptomatic women. METHODS: From March, 2003 to March, 2004, in OB-Gyn development, endocervical swab were obtained in 218 patients (137 impatients of PID and 81 outpatients) by Amplicor Chlamydia Transfer Kits and Human papilloma virus kit. They were studied on history taking, physical examination, laboratory test, and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Also, in this study we investigated the prevalence of human papilloma virus and N. gonorrhea in the Chlamydia infection group. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 27.5% (61/218) in pelvic inflammatory disease. As regarding the age distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis positive group was the high prevalence rate in twenties (52.8%). Chlamydia infection was related to the history of artificial abortion, oral contraception, occupation status, history of gynecologic disease (PID, Ectopic pregnancy). Women with chlamydial infection were 2.5 times greater risk of coincidal HPV infection and 2 times greater risk of coincidal N. gonorrhea infection and both were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of Chlamydia infection is higher than any other sexually transmitted disease and Chlamydia infection has serious complication on reproduction. It appears weak symptom and detection is difficult. Therefore the screening and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis are necessary to decrease the prevalence and prevention of complication.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Age Distribution ; Chlamydia Infections ; Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Contraception ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Infertility ; Mass Screening ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Occupations ; Papilloma ; Pelvic Infection ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease* ; Physical Examination ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Reproduction ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Midtrimester genetic amniocentesis is an important diagnostic tool in prenatal genetic diagnosis and counseling. We can identify karyotypes with metaphase chromosome analysis of cultured amniocytes. Marker chromosomes are defined as unidentified structurally abnormal chromosomes. Incidence of marker chromosomes in the previous reported studies was 0.6-1.5/1,000. They occurred more frequently with advanced maternal age. Ascertainment of chromosomal origin is important because it may be associated with malformation and developmental abnormalities. Recently, identification of the origin and composition of marker chromosomes has been made possible by the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Most marker chromosomes are known to be originated from chromosome 15 or 22, X, Y. We have experienced a case of non-15, non-22 marker chromosome prenatally detected in amniocentesis and FISH, so we reported it with a brief review of literature.
Amniocentesis ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Counseling ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Incidence ; Karyotype ; Maternal Age ; Metaphase ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the outcome of the endovascular treatment of eight patients with eight saccular posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over the last seven years (1999-2006), eight consecutive patients with saccular PICA aneurysms were treated by endovascular methods. Five of the aneurysms were presented with subarachnoid hemorrhaging, whereas three were discovered incidentally. Four of the aneurysms (3 ruptured and 1 incidental) were treated by intrasaccular coiling, whereas the remaining four (1 ruptured and 3 incidental) were treated by vertebral artery (VA) occlusion. RESULTS: Of the four aneurysms treated by intrasaccular coiling, three were completely packed with coils and one was partially packed. In three of four patients who underwent vertebral artery occlusions, follow-up digital subtraction angiographies demonstrated thrombosed aneurysms and PICA. No procedure-related morbidity occurred and no re-bleed was encountered during a follow-up examination (mean; 31 months). CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, we found that the endovascular management of saccular PICA aneurysms should be considered as safe and effective.
Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Ruptured/radiography/*therapy ; Cerebellum/blood supply/*radiography ; Cerebral Angiography ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Intracranial Aneurysm/radiography/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/radiography/*therapy ; Treatment Outcome