This study was performed to evaluate the effect of aging and thermal cycling on the biaxial flexure strength of four commercially available veneering resin composites for crown(Dentacolor : DC, Artglass : AG, Esternia : ET and Targis : TG). Disc specimens were fabricated in a teflon mold giving 12mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness. All samples were divided into 4groups. Group 1 was dried in a dessicator at 25degrees C for 30 days. Group 2 was immersed in distilled water at 37degrees C for 30 days. Group 3 was immersed in distilled water at 65degrees C for 30 days. Group 4 was subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles between 5degrees C and 55degrees C, and the immersion time in each bath was 15 seconds per cycle. Biaxial flexure test was conducted using the ball-on-three-ball method at the cross head speed of 0.5mm/min and fracture surfaces were observed with scanning electoron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Weibull modulus values, except for the AG group, decreased after thermal cycling treatment. 2. Biaxial flexure strength values of aging group at 37degrees C were th lowest in all sample groups. Except for the DC group, strength values were significntly decreased for the drying group. 3. After thermal cycling test, the highest value of biaxial flexure strength of 188.8 MPa was observed in the ET group and the lowest value of 73.2 MPa was observed in the DC group. The strength values showed the significant differences in each group (p<0.05). 4. Observation of surfaces after thermal cycling test revealed the ditching in the part f surrounding large fillers.
Aging* ; Baths ; Crowns* ; Fungi ; Head ; Immersion ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Water

No Abstract Available.
Animals ; Armoracia* ; Cats* ; Horseradish Peroxidase* ; Muscles*

Case histories of isolated and complete volar dislocation of the carpal scaphoid have rarely been reported .We report here another such case. On examination, the wrist was moderately swollen and tender over its volar aspect. Radiographs showed isolated, complete volar dislocation of the scaphoid. We used open reduction with K-wire fixation as treatment. After four weeks of operative reduction the patient had undertaken neurolysis due to median nerve compression symptom (carpal tunnel syndrome). At six weeks, the K-wires were removed and the patient was allowed to do a range of motion exercise. Twenty months after injury, the wrist was asymptomatic and had a mid-range of active motion without instability. There was no roentgenographic evidences of scapholunate dissociation or avascular necrosis
Dislocations* ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Necrosis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of high dose cisplatin-cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy on patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: A review of 63 patients previously diagnosed as primary epithelial ovarian cancer after initial operation and histology at Pusan National University Hospital from Jul. 1993 to Jun, 1997 was performed. Patients were received the combination chemotherapy including cisplatin 100mg/m2/day and cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2/day, repeated 6 cycles every 4 weeks. The mean age was 48 years old, and previous surgical procedures were total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy. The patients were classified into FIGO stage and pathologic results. RESULTS: The clinical response rate was 100% in the FIGO stage Ic patients with PC combination chemotherapy, 100% in stage II, 53.5% in stage III, and 25% in stage IV. The overall response rate was 69.8%. The 3-year survival rate according to the treatment groups was 93.3% in stage Ic group, 60% in stage II, 50% in stage III and 0% in stage IV. The mean survival duration was 34.6 months. Hematologic toxicities in cisplatin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy were neutropenia and anemia. Nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects and occurred in 96.8%. Most of the toxicities were grade 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: The combination chemotherapy with cisplatin-cyclophosphamide is relatively safe and effective method in the treatment of primary epithelial ovarian cancer.
Anemia ; Busan ; Cisplatin* ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Neutropenia ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate ; Vomiting

This study was undertaken at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam University Medical School, to investigate the association between some of the risk factor and the incidence of intrauterine fetal growth restriction(IUGR). The studied population was selected from patients who admitted at Chonnam University Hospital during January, 1992 through May, 1997, with following criteria, Korean, singletone pregnancy with live birth and known gestational weeks with 28 or more. And then, the risk factors were analyzed in terms of maternal factor, placental factor, and fetal factor. The following results were obtained. 1) The incidence of IUGR was 6.1%. 2) The incidence of IUGR was higher at young aged mother and nullipara. 3) Only 39.1% of etiologic factors for IUGR was found to have known causes. According to the risk factors for IUGR, hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, anemia, cardiac disease, leukemia, and pulmonary tuberculosis were associated with increased incidence of IUGR. 4) The relative risk of IUGR was much higher in neonates born with congenital anomalies. 5) According to the placental causes of IUGR, placenta previa and placenta abruption showed some association with IUGR.
Anemia ; Fetal Development* ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gynecology ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukemia ; Live Birth ; Mothers ; Obstetrics ; Placenta ; Placenta Previa ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Schools, Medical ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of high signal intensity of the septum pellucidum in hydrocephalus on proton density-weighted brain MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors reviewed the MR images of 418 cases of patients with normal(175 cases), hydrocephalic(35 cases), atrophic(58 cases), and other groups(150 cases) retrospectively. We analyzed the signal intensity of the septum pellucidum in the normal group and the incidences of high signal intensities of periventricular area of frontal horn of lateral ventricle(area 1), periventricular area except area 1(area 2), callososeptal area(area 3), and septum pellucidum(area 4) in the normal and abnormal groups. RESULTS: In the normal group, the septurn pellucidum was isointense to the head of caudate nucleus on proton density-weighted image. High signal intensity of the septurn pellucidurn was seen in 31 cases (22 cases of hydrocephalus, 5 cases of brain atrophy, and 4 cases of others), and showed high specificity(91.4%) for hydrocephalus in spite of low sensitivity(62.9%), as compared with periventricular hyperintensities of other areas. CONCLUSION: High signal intensity of the septum pellucidum on proton density-weighted image may be caused by transependymal CSF migration in the patients with hydrocephalus, and considered as an additional finding of hydrocephalus in the cases of ventriculomegaly.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Caudate Nucleus ; Head ; Horns ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Incidence ; Protons ; Retrospective Studies ; Septum Pellucidum*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on resilience of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: Participants were 204 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy treatment. They participated in a structured interview, which included social support, depression, symptom experience, self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and infection prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Lower depression (γ=-.33, p=.020) and symptom experience (γ=-.31, p=.012) and higher self-efficacy (γ=.32, p=.005) and hope (γ=.48, p=.016) were influenced by higher social support. Greater resilience was influenced by lower symptom experience (β=-.18, p=.016), higher self-efficacy (β=.49, p=.023), and higher hope (β=.46, p=.012), and these predictors explained 66.7% of variance in resilience. Greater resilience (β=.54, p=.009) made an impact on greater infection prevention behaviors. Resilience mediated the relations of symptom experience (β=-.10 p=.013), self-efficacy (β=.27, p=.006) and hope (β=.25, p=.009) with infection prevention behaviors. These predictors explained 24.9% of variance in infection prevention behaviors. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that breast cancer patientsw ith greater resilience who are receiving chemotherapy participate in increased infection prevention behaviors. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies that improve breast cancer patients' resilience.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Depression ; Drug Therapy* ; Hope ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Resilience, Psychological

The purpose of the present study lied in examining the incidence, treatment and failure causes of peri-implantitis by analyzing medical charts of those patients who underwent implant placement for the past 2 years. The subjects included those patients who underwent implant placement at the present hospital from January 2001 to December 2002. 3i implants were used for the analysis for the comparison of significance. A total of 301 patients were examined, among whom 102 were females and 199, males. Implants were placed in a total of 578 cases. The number of peri-implantitis was present in a total of 29 cases (21 males and 8 females), giving the incidence at 9.6%. The evidence of peri-implantitis was seen in 60 cases, which was in 10.4% of the patients. Among those cases with peri-implantitis, 28 cases (47%) underwent bone graft and 22 cases (43%) underwent maxillary sinus lift. Furthermore, 4 of these patients had systemic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. Regular management is important for the preven ion of peri-implantitis. In other words, early prevention through regular follow-ups to check the status of surrounding soft tissue would be needed to maintain implants.
Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Peri-Implantitis* ; Retrospective Studies* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the guidelines for normal splenic length by sonographic measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 481 children (age range : 2-16years, M:F=1.5:1), abdominal sonography for the purpose of health screening was carried out, and the greatest length of spleen between the dome and tip was measured. Correlation and regression analysis was used to determine whether the relationship between splenic length and a patient's age, height, weight and body surface was statistically significant. RESULTS: The length of the spleen gradually increased according to age. Correlation and regression analysis showed significant positive correlation (p<0.0001) between splenic length and age (r=0.610) height (r=0.630), weight (r=0.598), and body surface (r=0.628). CONCLUSION: From the mean values of spleen length in children, an index useful for clinical application might be derived.
Child* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Spleen* ; Ultrasonography*

Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a fatal early childhood disorder characterized by multiorgan lymphohistiocytic infiltration and active hemophagocytosis. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is not uncommon and is characterized by rapidly progressive tissue damage affecting both the gray and white matter. We encountered a case of familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with CNS involvement. Initial T2-weighted MRI of the brain demonstrated high signal intensity in the right thalamus, though after chemotherapy, which led to the relief of neurologic symptoms, this disappeared. After four months, however, the patient's neurologic symptoms recurred, and follow-up T2-weighted MR images showed high signal intensity in the thalami, basal ganglia, and cerebral and cerebellar white matter. Brain MRI is a useful imaging modality for the evaluation of CNS involvement and monitoring the response to treatment.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Thalamus