No abstract available.
Amnion* ; Endometriosis* ; Endometrium* ; Female

Propofol is a rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic agent used for the induction of anesthesia, with a low incidence of side effects. But pain on injection of propofol has limited its use. The additional effect of lidocaine on painful injection of propofol was studied, during induction of general anesthesia in 75 patients in a prospective, randomized method. They were allocated randomly to three groups to receive propofol 2.0 mg/kg(group A), propofol 2.0 mg/kg with lidocaine 0.2 mg/kg(group B), propofol 2.0 mg/kg with lidocaine 0.3 mg/kg(group C). Pain score was assessed on a simple scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe pain). Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored at 1, 3, 5, 7 minutes after endotracheal intubation. In group B and C, significantly smaller pain score was observed. On the other hand, changes of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate after endotracheal intubation was not significant. It is concluded that the addition of small amount of lidocaine can significantly reduce the severity of pain on injection of propofol.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Hand ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lidocaine* ; Propofol ; Prospective Studies

Propofol, by virtue of its favorable pharmacokinetic profile, has already achieved considerable popularity for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for short duration surgery. Short acting opioids are often used as part of balanced technique. Because of their similar pharmacodynamic characteristics(rapid onset and short duration of action), it seems that propofol and fentanyl would be a adequate complementary agents for total intravenous anesthesia when used in combination. The purpose of present study was to access the effect of fentanyl on the changes hemodynamic and respiratory responses when used in combination with propofol. Eighty patients of ASA grade l or 2 scheduled to undergo minor gynecological, abdominal and orthopedic procedures were allocated randomly to 4 groups. Group A, C was induced with pentothal sodium or propofol alone respectively and maintained using 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were checked before induction, and 2, 4, 6, 8 minutes after injection. The results were as follows 1) Changes in mean arterial pressur, after 2 minutes were more significantly decreased in propofol with fentanyl group than propofol alone. 2) Changes in heart rate Minimal changes in propofol group, but showed significantly decrease in propofol-fentanyl group. 3) Resipiratory changes Propofol-fentanyl group produce a more frequent, long standing apnea than other group. 4) Side effect Excitatory effects, and pain on injection were more frequent in propofol group than pentothal sodium group. Nausea, vomiting were more frequent in pentothal sodium group than propofol group.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Apnea ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Nausea ; Nitrous Oxide ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Oxygen ; Propofol* ; Sodium ; Thiopental ; Virtues ; Vomiting

Midazolam and propofol by continuous intravenous infusion produce excellent and easily controllable sedation as an adjunct to spinal anesthesia. The purpose of the present study is to compare the cardiovascular and respiratory effect, degree of sedation and recovery of midazolam and propofol, and then determines the mean infusion rate of both groups. Forty patients of ASA class 1 or 2 scheduled to lower extremities surgery under spinal anesthesia were classified randomly into 2 groups. Group 1 were infused with midazolam 0.1-0.2mg/kg/h and group 2 propofol 2-3mg/kg/h. The results were as follows: 1) The mean induction dose of midazolam was 0.29+/-0.03mg/kg/h and propofol was 5.56+/-0.78mg/kg/h and the mean infusion rate of midazolam was 0.09+/-0.02mg/kg/h and propofol was 2.13+/-0.41mg/kg/h, which resulted in easily controllable sedation during operation. 2) The quality of sedation was assessed as good in 19 patients but 1 patient showed excitatory movements after midazolam infusion. Good sedation was provided in 16 patients but 2 patients showed excitatory movements and 2 patients complained pain on injection after propofol infusion. 3) The mean arterial pressure was more significantly decreased in propofol than midazolam group. 4) The heart rate was more decreased than control in both groups. 5) Airway maintenance was excellent and side effects were rare. 6) Recovery, judged by ability to open the eyes and recall date of birth, was significantly more rapid after propofol than after midazolam infusion.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous* ; Lower Extremity ; Midazolam* ; Parturition ; Propofol*

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the types of perception toward quarantine measures at hospitals or community treatment centers among patients infected with COVID-19. Methods: This study applied Q-methodology. Two hundred and nineteen Q populations were constructed based on related literature and in-depth interviews with 5 adults infected with COVID-19 and who experienced quarantine and hospitalization. Interviews were performed from November 14 to 29, 2020. A total of 45 Q samples were extracted and Q sorting was performed using a 9-point scale for 30 adult subjects who experienced quarantine at hospitals and community treatment centers. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: The perception of subjects toward quarantine measures was classified into the following six types: ‘passive acceptance’, ‘social stigma perception’, ‘appreciation of daily life through awareness of the realities of illness’, ‘why me?’, ‘fearful perception’, and ‘positive meaning’. Conclusion The perception of quarantine measure among patients with COVID-19 is identified as six types with positive and negative emotional characteristics. This result will contribute to the development of individualized strategies to address psychosocial health problems among patients with infectious diseases.

Midazolam, a water soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with diazepam as the changes of eardiopulmonary function during sedation under the spinal anesthesia in elderly patients. The results were as follows; I) Cardiovascular effect. At the conclusion after diazepam 0.05 mg/kg(Group D) or midazolam 0.02 mg/kg(Group M) injection, systolic, diastolic pressure and heart rate were significantly decreased(P<0.05) in the both group from 3 min to 30 min, but maintained within normal range. However, it is not significant difference that each group. 2) Respiratory effect. SaO decreased significantly at 3 min. in M-group after midazolam injection but there was not significant difference from change in D-group. Respiratory rate, pH and PaCO2 were not significantly changed between D-group and M-group. However, PaO2 was significantly decreased(p<0.05) within normal range at 3 min. in M-group after midazolam IV and significant difference between both groups. From the above results, We have concluded that IV administration of small dose of diazepam or midaaolam during spinal anesthesia had a little changed in cardiopulmonary function. However, sedative effect was efficient.
Aged* ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Benzodiazepines* ; Blood Pressure ; Diazepam ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Midazolam ; Reference Values ; Respiratory Rate

Thiopental sodium, a water-soluble barbiturate derivative with pH 10.0, reaches brain tissue in its highest concentration in about 50 seconds after intravenous injection. Blood concentration then decreases according to redistribution. Patients who are given midazolam as an induction agent are known to awake from general anesthesia relatively more slowly than those given pentothal sodium. Fentanyl, a potent analgesic, has been used in balanced anesthesia because of its minimal cardiovascular effects. In the present study, the effects of pentothal sodium, midazolam and midazolam-fentanyl on cardiovascular changes to endotracheal intubation during anesthetic induction were compared. Sixty patients of ASA class I or II scheduled to undergo elective operations were classified randomly into 3 groups. Group I and II were injected with thiopental sodium 5.0 mg/kg and midazolam 0.2 mg/kg, respectively. Group III received midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 ug/kg. The results were as follows ; 1) The onset time (time from intravenous injection to loss of eyelid reflex) of group III (137+/-10.29 seconds, p<0.05) was longer than those of group I (10+/-3.22 seconds) and group II (37+/-12.49 seconds). 2) The change of the mean arterial pressure : Group III showed minimal change (4% decrease, p<0.05) at 1 minute after endotracheal intubation as compared with group I (21% increase) and group II (6% increase). 3) The change of the heart rate ; Group III showed the least change (6% increase, p<0.05) at 1 minute after endotracheal intubation as compared with group I (18% increase) and group II (12% increase). From these results, it is suggested that the combined use of midazolam and fentanyl may cause less effect on the cardiovascular system during endotracheal intubation than midazolam or thiopental sodium alone.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Balanced Anesthesia ; Brain ; Cardiovascular System ; Eyelids ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Midazolam ; Sodium ; Thiopental

PURPOSE AND METHODS: Urinary tract infection(UTI) is one of the most important diseases of childhood, especially for young infants. To characterize the patients diagnosed with febrile UTI in their first 6 months of life and to explore the risk factors of recurrent UTI, a retrospective study was performed. RESULTS: Among the 90 patients studied, 77 were boys(86%). First episodes of UTI were diagnosed at the age of 2.5+/-1.4 months. These patients underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of urinary tract(n=90) and voiding cystourethrography(n=81) where 53 and 35 studies showed abnormal findings respectively, and a total of 45 cases of urinary tract anomaly including vesicoureteral reflux(VUR, n=35) were diagnosed. Normal findings on ultrasonography indicated decreased risk of VUR in boys of 1-3 months of age(n=30). 53 patients were followed up more than 6 months and 45 episodes of subsequent UTI developed in 29 patients during the first 6-month period. Patients with relapse were older than patients without relapse at the diagnosis of first UTI, but other clinical parameters including abnormal findings on the imaging studies and prophylactic antibiotics prescription were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: UTI in early infancy occurred mainly in male infants and half of the patients had structural anomalies. USG was of clinical value in detecting anomalies requiring surgical intervention, and to rule out high grade VUR in 1-3 months old boys. Results of the imaging study or prophylactic antibiotics could not modify the risk of recurrent UTI.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prescriptions ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Propofol(Diprivan, England ICI) is a new intravenous anesthetic agent chemically unrelated to barbiturates or other intravenous anesthetic agents. It was found to produce rapid onset of anesthesia and early recovery similar to that Obtained with pentothal sodium. The purpose of the present study is to compare the cardiovascular and respiratory effect of propofol with the cardiovaseular and respiratery effeet of pentothal sodium. Sixty patients of ASA class l or 2 scheduled to undergo gynecological, orthopedic and abdominal procedures were classified randomly into 3 Groups. Group A were injected with pentothal sodium 5.0 mg/kg and Group B, C received propofol 2.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg respectively. The results were as follows, 1) Change of the systolic arterial pressure. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg produced the greatest decrease in systolic blood pressure when compared with other groups. 2) Change of the heart rate. Change of the heart rate was minimal after both doses of prepofol when compared with pentothal sodium. 3) Respiratory effect. Respiratory measurement in 20 unpremedicated surgical patients who received an induction dose of propofol 2.5 mg/kg showed significant respiratory depression. 4) Side effect. Excitatory effects and pain on injection were more frequent in propofol group than pentothal sodium group. Nausea, vomiting were more frequent in pentothal sodium group than propofol group.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Arterial Pressure ; Barbiturates ; Blood Pressure ; England ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nausea ; Orthopedics ; Propofol* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sodium ; Thiopental ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive measurements that relate to the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis have long been sought for clinical screening of patients with chest pain syndromes and for use in clinical trials. Intima-media thickeness (IMT) of the carotid artery has been suggested to be associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. In this study, we tried to assess the relation of carotid artery atherosclerosis by B-mode ultrasonography with presence and severity of coronary artery disease. METHOD: We studied 57 patients (36 men, 21 women) with ischemic heart disease, mean age 65+/-8 yrs (48 to 83 yrs), who underwent both coronary angiography and carotid ultrasonography with 10 MHz transducer. The patients who had received revascularization procedure were excluded. We classified the patients into two groups, the control group without significant coronary stenosis (18 patients) and the coronary artery disease (CAD) group (39 patients) with significant luminal stenosis (> or =50%). The CAD group was divided into single vessel disease group (SVD, 19 patients) and multivessel disease group (MVD, 20 patients). IMT was measured in far wall of common carotid artery (CCA) at 10 mm proximal to carotid bulb and abnormal IMT was defined if the measurement was greater than mean IMT+2SD of control group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), Lipoproteinp (a)(Lp(a)) were measured and history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking were investigated. RESULTS: A significant difference in IMT of the CCA was found between control and CAD group (0.76+/-0.09 mm vs. 0.97+/-0.20 mm; p<0.0001). Also a significant difference in the number of atherosclerotic plaque was found between the two groups (control; 0.67+/-1.14 vs. CAD; 1.87+/-1.75; p<0.005). In the CAD group, both mean IMT and numbers of athero-sclerotic plaque tended to increase in MVD group compared with SVD group (1.03 mm vs. 0.91 mm; p=NS, 2.65 vs. 1.05; p<0.05). The sensitivity of IMT for prediction of significant CAD was 66.7%, the specificity 83.3%, the positive predictive value 89.7%, and the negative predictive value 53.6%. The sensitivity of plaque presence on the carotid artery for prediction of CAD was 71.8%, the specificity 61.3%, the positive predictive value 80.3% and the negative predictive value 50.5%. Among risk factor, diabetes mellitus and Lp (a) were correlated well with IMT of CCA, Hypertension was correlated with atherosclerotic plaque. History of smoking was correlated with coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: Increases in IMT and plaque of the carotid artery, as measured noninvasively by ultrasonography, can be used as a predictor of significant coronary artery stenosis.
Atherosclerosis ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Chest Pain ; Cholesterol ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Stenosis* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Phenobarbital ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic* ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Transducers ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography