No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Mydriasis ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia

No abstract available.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Sarcoidosis*

No abstract available.
Child ; Humans ; Sparganosis

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Porokeratosis*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

PURPOSE: MMPs are involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, which is an important step in tumor invasion and metastasis. Among the MMPs, a positive correlation between the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and the aggressive behavior of breast carcinomas has been reported, but the role of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in DCIS is still not known. Angiogenesis has a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the expressions of the MMPs, the angiogenic factor (VEGF) and the microvessel density (MVD) in a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. METHODS: 42 cases of DCIS, diagnosed at the Busan Paik Hospital, between 1992 and 2002, were the subjects of this study. The rates of MMP-2 and 9 expressions and VEGF were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the MVD was measured by CD 34 immunohistochemical staining. The statistical analyses between the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF and the MVD, patient's age (more than 50 years old, less than 50 years old), histological subtype (comedo or non-comedo) and nuclear grade (I, II, III), and their correlation were exained. RESULTS: The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were noted in 20 (47.6%) and 22 (52.4%) of the 42 cases, respectively. There were no significant relationships between the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the patient's age and histological subtype, but the expression rate of MMP-9 showed an increased tendency in cases with nuclear grades II and III compared with the cases with nuclear grade I (P=0.0863), but no significant difference between the MMP-2 expression and the nuclear grades was noted. The VEGF was expressed in 47.6% of the cases, and the mean MVD was 21 per x200 field, with 13 (30.9%) of the 42 cases showing increased MVD. The VEGF expression rate showed an increasing tendency in the cases younger than 50 years old (P= 0.1011), but no significant differences according to the histological subtype and nuclear grades were seen. There were no relationships between the MVD and the clinico-pathological factors. The MVD showed an increasing tendency in cases with a non-comedo histological type compared to the comedo type (P=0.0536). No positive correlation between the expression of VEGF and MVD was noted. No significant relationship between expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF and the MVD were seen, but the rate of MMP-9 expression was significantly higher in the VEGFpositive cases (P=0.0293), however, no relationship between MMP9 expression and MVD was found. CONCLUSION: The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in DCIS are suggestive of their involvement in the development of breast cancers. However, with non-invasive lesions, and the positive correlation between the MMP-9 and VEGF expressions and the nuclear grades, means that the expression of MMP-9 may represent the biological behavior of DCIS, but the role of MMP-2 expression is still uncertain in the development of breast carcinomas.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Busan ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Immunohistochemistry ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Microvessels* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No abstract available.
Lipomatosis*

PURPOSE: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breasts is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potentials and controversial treatment options. This study was planned to investigate the patterns of clinicopathologic parameters and tumor markers related to biological aggressiveness and to make treatment decisions available based on a variety of these parameters. METHODS: We reviewed forty cases of DCIS treated at Pusan Paik Hospital from March 1992 to July 2002. Clinicopathologic features such as age, chief complaint, mammographic finding, tumor size, histologic subtype, and operation type were analysed, and the expression of ER, PR, p53, C- erbB-2, cathepsin D, bcl-2, MIB-1 and CD34 were evaluated using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The size of the tumor was less than 1.5 cm in 16 (44.4%) cases, 1.5 cm to 4 cm in 17 (47.2%) cases, and more than 4 cm in 3 (8.3%) cases. There were 11 (27.5%) cases of the comedo subtype and 29 (72.5%) cases of the noncomedo subtype. Nuclear grade was divided into low (8 cases, 20.0%), intermediate (20 cases, 50.0%), and high (12 cases, 30.0%). According to Van Nuys' classification, there were 25 (62.5%) cases, 4 (10.0%) cases, and 11 (27.5%) cases of group I, II, and III, respectively. The groups presenting as mass on mammogram had no significant relationship with those presenting as microcalcification in terms of tumor size, histologic subtype, nuclear grade, and Van Nuys classification. The expression rates of PR, p53, C-erbB-2, cathepsin D, and bcl-2 were 32.4%, 67.6%, 35.1%, 29.7%, 67.6%, and 45.9%, respectively. High MIB-1 labelling index (LI) and high microvessel density were observed in 8.1% and 32.4%, respectively. The group presenting as mass on mammogram showed higher ER (P=0.0276) and PR (P=0.102) expression, compared with the microcalcification group. Positive ER and PR were associated with low nuclear grade (P=0.0233, 0.1727), while positive p53 and C-erbB-2 and high MIB-1 LI correlated with Van Nuys' group III (P=0.0637, 0.0532). Positive ER correlated with positive PR (P=0.0581) and negative C-erbB-2 (P=0.0642). In addition, there were positive associations between PR and bcl-2 expression (P=0.0939), between p53, C-erbB-2 (P<0.0001) and high MIB-1 labelling index (P= 0.0785), and between cathepsin D and high microvessel density (P= 0.0151). CONCLUSION: Clinico-pathologic evaluation of tumor size, histologic subtype, nuclear grade, and Van Nuys classification can help predict more aggressive immunophenotypes of DCIS. Positive p53 and C-erbB-2 and high MIB-1 is associated not only with more aggressive clinical behavior and more advanced histologic features of DCIS, but also with negative ER, PR, and bcl-2. Our results support the clinical relevance of combining both clinico-pathologic factors and biologic tumor markers for determining the treatment modality in DCIS patients.
Biomarkers, Tumor* ; Breast* ; Busan ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Cathepsin D ; Classification ; Humans ; Microvessels

Seborrheic keratosis is a common benign epithelial tumor which occurs primarily on sun-exposed area, and is occasionally associated with several malignant or premalignant conditions. Among these malignant or premalignant conditions, Bowen disease and basal cell carcinoma are common, but still it is not clear whether these malignancies arise incidentally with seborrheic keratosis or malignant transformation has occurred. We herein report a case of Bowen disease with seborrheic keratosis on the inguinal area where prior seborrheic keratosis had recurred after incomplete removal.
Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Keratosis, Seborrheic*

BACKGROUND: Constipation occurs frequently in diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there are few reports that investigated the characteristics of constipation associated with DM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of constipation associated with DM. METHODS: Among constipated patients who visited Asan Medical Center from January 2000 to December 2004, 45 patients with DM (DM group) and 104 patients without DM (non-DM group) were included in this study. We reviewed the clinical presentation, results of anorectal manometry, colon transit time study, and defecogram. We also analyzed the response to biofeedback therapy. RESULTS: The severity of constipation symptoms before treatment was not different between DM and non-DM group. Patients with colon transit time over 56 hours were more frequent in DM group than in non-DM group (21/45, 46.7% vs. 31/104, 29.8% ; p=0.047). Among DM group, colon transit time and the duration of DM showed positive correlation (r=0.431, p=0.003). The resting anal sphincter pressure was significantly lower in DM group than in non-DM group (43.5+/-21.5 mmHg vs. 51.7+/-22.6 mmHg ; p=0.048). The results of defecography were similar between DM and non-DM group. Successful responses to biofeedback therapy were not different between DM and non-DM group (19/34, 55.9% vs. 43/79, 54.4% ; p=0.887). CONCLUSIONS: Slow transit constipation was more frequent in DM group than in non-DM group. The successful responses to biofeedback therapy appear to be similar between DM and non-DM group.
Anal Canal ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Colon ; Constipation* ; Defecography ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Manometry ; Time and Motion Studies