BACKGROUND: Platelet aggregation and thrombus formation within the coronary artery are major factors in acute coronary syndrome. The platelet glycoproteinIIb/IIIa receptor is a pivotal mediator of platelet aggregation. Recently there have been reports that the genetic polymorphism of GPIIIa is an inherited risk factor for coronary artery thrombosis. This study investigated the relation between the Pl(A) polymorphism and coronary artery disease in Korean patients. METHODS: One hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina were enrolled. Coronary angiogram was performed in eighty-one cases. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Allele-specific restriction digestion was used to determine the Pl(A) genotype. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Pl(A2) genotype was zero percent in our study group. All patients had the Pl(A1/A1) genotype. These results suggest that Pl(A) genetic polymorphism of GPIIIa is not an inherited risk factor for coronary artery diseases in Koreans.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Angina, Unstable ; Blood Platelets* ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Digestion ; DNA ; Genotype ; Humans ; Integrin beta3* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Platelet Aggregation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: The analgesic properties of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been attributed to their effects on the peripheral synthesis of prostaglandins. Although the preoperative use of NSAIDs has been increasing because of concerns regarding the side effects of opioid analgesics but results of clinical preemptive analgesia studies remain inconclusive. So, we studied the efficacy of preemptive analgesic effects of tenoxicam, new NSAID, on postoperative continuous intravenous analgesia with morphine. METHODS: We studied 40 parturients, undergoing cesarean section, ASA class I or II, randomly divided into two groups. Tenoxicam group were injected tenoxicam 0.3 mg/kg and control group were injected normal saline 3 ml at ten min. before induction. For both groups morphine 0.1 mg/kg was administered as loading dose and 0.015 mg/kg/hr as maintenance dose. We examined verbal quantitative score (VQS) at postoperative 30 min, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr. Maternal satisfaction, side effects, hepatic and renal function also evaluated after pain control. RESULTS: The values of VQS showed no significant differences between two groups 30 min, 1 and 6hr after start of morphine infusion, but there was significant decrease in tenoxicam group compared to control group 12, 24 and 48 hr after start of morphine infusion (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in maternal satisfaction between two groups and also there were no significant differences in the overall incidences of side effects between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative single injection of tenoxicam showed incomplete preemptive analgesic effects on postoperative pain control after cesarean section.
Analgesia* ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pregnancy ; Prostaglandins

Pancuronium 5 ug/kg, d-Tubocurarine 50 ug/kg and the combination of pancuronium and d-Tubocurarine were given to the rabbits of same genus under intravenous urethane anesthesia to determine the neuromuscular blocking effect of each drug. The rabbit was firmly fixed to a specially constructed metal board. The sciatic nerve was stimulated by means of train of four stimulation (4 volt, 6 msec, and 2 Hz). The evoked twitch and tracing of muscle of lower extremity was recorded contineously on a physiograph. When rabbit was stable, the drug for each group was given. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The pancuronium-d-Tubocurarine combination was significantly more potent for relaxation(p<0.005) than the effect of each of the individual drugs given alone. 2) The significant muscle relaxation of pancuronium-d-Tubocurarine combination appeared at 1 minute and most potent relaxation was observed 10 minutes after drug administration and at 25 minutes, 93% of this relaxation of pancuronium-d-Tubocurarine combination was recovered. 3) Blood pressure and pulse rate after pancuronium-d-Tubocurarine combination were not changed, but the respiration was depressed at 1 minute and the most significant depression was observed at 10 minutes after drug administration. The duration of the depression lasted about 30 minutes.
Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Heart Rate ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium* ; Rabbits* ; Relaxation ; Respiration ; Sciatic Nerve ; Tubocurarine* ; Urethane

No abstract available.
Jaw*

There is increasing need for network connecting personal computers(PC) together. Thus Local Area Network(LAN) emerged, which was designed to allow multiple computers to access and share multiple files and programs and expensive peripheral devices and to communicate with each user. We built PC-LAN in our department that consisted of 1) hardware-9 sets of personal computers(IBM compatible 80386 DX, 1 set:80286 AT, 8sets) and cables and network interface cards (Ethernet compatible, 16bits) that connected PC and peripheral devices 2) software - network operating system and database management system. We managed this network for 6 months. The benefits of PC-LAN were 1) multiuser (share multiple files and programs, peripheral devices) 2) real time data processing 3) excellent expandibility and flexibility, compatibility, easy connectivity 4) single cable for networking ) rapid data transmission 6) simple and easy installation and management 7) using conventional PC's software running under DOS(Disk Operating System) without transformation 8) low networking cost. In conclusion, PC-LAN provides an easier and more effective way to manage multiuser database system needed at hospital departments instead of more expensive and complex network of minicomputer or mainframe.
Database Management Systems ; Hospital Departments ; Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Minicomputers ; Pliability ; Running

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip ; Humans ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Palate

Background: The longstanding and common use of hyaluronic acid (HA) has driven the expanded development of various commercial HA fillers. However, differences in the components of these HA fillers lead to variations in their effect. We compared the in vivo safety and efficacy of biphasic HA (BHA) and a new monophasic HA (MHA) for improving facial wrinkles. We investigated differences in outcomes after their injection into nasolabial folds (NLFs) using the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS), patient satisfaction using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and pain using a visual analog scale (VAS). We also performed a safety assessment of the two fillers. Methods: This matched-pair, double-blind, randomized study compared the degree of temporal wrinkle improvement in the NLFs of 91 participants using the BHA filler versus the new MHA filler. Safety and efficacy were compared at 8 and 24 weeks. Results: At 24 weeks after application, the average WSRS scores were 2.17±0.72 (BHA) and 2.07±0.71 (MHA) (P=0.034). The average GAIS scores, as measured by a treating investigator at 8 weeks and 24 weeks, were 0.94±0.76 (BHA) and 0.98±0.78 (MHA) at 8 weeks (P=0.181), and 0.44±0.64 (BHA) and 0.49±0.69 (MHA) at 24 weeks (P=0.103). The VAS pain score was 0 points at 30 minutes after filler application in both groups. Conclusions Both the BHA filler and the new MHA filler were safe and effective for improving facial wrinkles in NLFs, but the new MHA filler was more effective for the cosmetic improvement of wrinkle severity than the BHA filler.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the optimum depth of the internal jugular venous catheterization between the right and left side. METHODS: Forty-four patients were enrolled for this study and divided into two groups (22 patients each). The optimum depth of the catheterization was calculated using the sum of two component (A and B); the advanced length of the catheter from the level of the cricoid cartilage (A) and the distance from the catheter tip to the junction of the superier vena cava and right atrium (B). RESULT: The optimum depths of the internal jugular venous catheterization were 16.0 1.0 cm (right) and 18.4 1.5 cm (left) respectively. Left side was significantly longer than right side (p<0.05). In this study, we experienced some complications; arterial punctures (5 cases) and migration of the catheter to the opposite subclavian vein (1 case). Five complications were associated with left internal jugular venous cannulation and one was associated with the right side cannulation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the optimum depth of the internal jugular venous catheterization was longer in the left side than in the right side.
Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Cricoid Cartilage ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Punctures ; Subclavian Vein

PURPOSE: We reviewed the operative outcome and the cause of failure for performing subureteral injection of polydimethylsiloxane (PDS, Macroplastique(R), Uroplasty Inc. Geleen, The Netherlands), when it is used as a bulking agent for the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 patients (a total of 37 ureters), with primary grades I to V VUR were treated with a single subureteral injection from 2001 to 2004; these patients were followed for an average of 21.5 months. Each patient underwent preoperative voiding cystourethrography, renal ultrasound, a dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan and urine culture. With the patient under general anesthesia, the PDS implant was injected transurethrally at the 6 o'clock position of the ureteral opening in the affected renal unit by a modified subureteral transurethral injection (STING) procedure. Renal ultrasound was done at 1 week and voiding cystourethrography was done at 3 months to rule out obstruction at the injection site and/or persistent reflux, respectively. Cure was defined as an absence of VUR on voiding cystourethrography at 3 months after injection. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: The grade of reflux was I, II, III, IV and V in 6, 4, 12, 9 and 6 ureteral units respectively. After a single injection, the VUR was cured in 30 ureteral units (81.1%). There were 7 (18.9%) patients who received a second injection after a failed single injection. In these patients, the injected PDS volume was not changed on ultrasound. On the other hand, cystoscopy showed mound displacement in 4 patients, no volcano appearance but rather a broad elevation in 2 patient, and distal ureteral fistula and mound extrusion in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that endoscopic subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection is an effective treatment of VUR. The efficacy of subureteral injection can be improved by using the correct injection technique.
Anesthesia, General ; Cystoscopy ; Fistula ; Hand ; Humans ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*