Poliovirus Sabin 1 strain has its own special features that make it a particularly attractive live recombinant mucosal vaccine vehicle. Sabin 1 cDNA was manipulated to have multiple cloning site and viral specific 3C-protease cutting site at the N-terminal end of the polyprotein, named RPS-vax system HIV-1 V3- and principal neutralizing domain (PND)-concatamers were successfully cloned into the multiple cloning site of the vector system and produced expected chimeric viruses by transfection of their RNA transcripts into HeLa cells. These chimeric viruses have shown to express introduced HIV-1 subgenome concatamers efficiently during their replication in the infected HeLa cells. Expressed proteins were confirmed to retain the wild type structures at least in parts. Replication capacity of the chimeric viruses was slightly lower than that of wild type Sabin 1 likely to be due to delay in processing steps during their replication. Differing from the virulent Mahoney vectors, the rec-Sabin 1 chimeric viruses maintained the foreign gene stably during the serial passages. These chimeric viruses have also shown to be able to induce specific humoral immunity to the introduced vaccine proteins when inoculated into the poliovirus receptor-expressing transgenic (Tg-PVR) mice. Antiserum obtained from the immunized transgenic mice showed to have neutralizing capacity to HIV-1 in vitro. These results strongly suggest that the chimeric viruses expressing HIV-1 vaccine epitopes can be used as a good live mucosal vaccine candidate against AIDS.
Animals ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Complementary ; Epitopes ; HeLa Cells ; HIV* ; HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Immunity, Humoral ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Poliovirus* ; RNA ; Serial Passage ; Transfection

Dysregulation of TGF-beta that is a modulator of cell growth and differentiation can result in uncontrolled growth and tumor formation. Monitoring these pattern of genes and protein expression during tumor development will provide a basis for understanding normal growth and distortion of osteochondrogenesis. Our comparative studies on the experssion of TGF-beta protein indicate that TGF-beta may primarily be a regulator of epithelial differentiation during tooth development (between 4 weeks and 40 gestational weeks) and tumorigenesis of odontogenic neoplasm (ameloblastoma). In early human tooth germ (cap/early bell stage) TGF-beta protein was found in the epithelial dentallamina and enamel orgen. TGF-beta experessions were seen in inner and outer dental epithelium during bell stage. During enamel and cementum appositional stage, TGF-beta expression shifted from the ameloblast to the odontoblast. In eruption stage, TGF-beta expressions look like moderate positive pattern in odontoblast and rare pattern in enamel, dentin and cementum. TGF-beta expressions of follicular and plexiform amelobalstoma are moderate positive reaction in ectodermal tumor components and mild positive in vessels of stroma tissue. In acanthomatous type, TGF-beta expression was shown severely positive finding in stellate reticulum cell. TGF-beta expressions were noted moderate reaction in margin of tumor epithelium and stellate reticulum cell of granular ameloblastoma. In unicystic ameloblastoma, TGF-beta expression was rare feature in cystic luminal epithelium. With these result, I should be suggested that TGF-beta may play an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in human tooth morphogenesis and development of odontogenic epithelial tumors.
Ameloblastoma* ; Ameloblasts ; Carcinogenesis ; Dental Cementum ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Ectoderm ; Embryonic Structures* ; Epithelium ; Fetus* ; Humans* ; Morphogenesis ; Odontoblasts ; Phenobarbital ; Reticulum ; Tooth Germ* ; Tooth* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

No abstract available.
Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland*

In the treatment of flexor tendon injury of the hand, re-rupture after primary tendon repair is one of complications which occurs occasionally and so impose burden on both the patient and the surgeon. Authors experienced twelve cases of re-rupture after primary flexor tendon repair of 274 patients from Mar. 1989 to Mar.1996. The incidence of re-rupture after primary flexor tendon repair was 4.4% in author's series. One case happened with slip down injury, and in six cases re-rupture occurred during physical therapy with snapping click sound. However in five cases, the patients conldnt recognize any related causes. In majority of cases, re-ruptures were identified between three and five weeks after primary repair by the surgeon and the patient, so it could be suggested that the attention should be paid for the high possiblity of re-rupture during this period. Operative findings were the resorption and friability of repaired end with insecure suture fixation in two cases, rupture of suture material in four cases and loosening of the knot in six cases. From this study, the authors suggest the importance of knot, and recommend to make more than four knots on suture tie with attention to the tie direction, and advise careful physical therapy according to each patients' different situation. In the treatment of re-rupture, end-to-end re-anastomosis was available in seven cases (59%). In five cases (41%), tendon graft was needed. The clinical result of the re-rupture cases was evaluated by the Stickland evaluation method, and it was satisfactory in 67% of the patients who had the complication of re-rupture.
Hand* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rupture ; Sutures ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons* ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst*

BACKGROUND: Genus of Aspergilli are ubiquitous saprophytic molds in nature, but its change from a saprophytic fungus to a pathogenic organism has occurred since the use of various antibiotics. The fungus affects the chronically ill and debilitated population. Recently frequency of the fungal infection is increasing in Korea with abuse of antibiotics and glucocorticoids. METHOD: We analyzed medical records of 52 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis seen at Hanyang University Hospital from 1980 to 1994. The results were as follows; RESULTS: 1) Ages ranged between second to eighth decades with majority(50%) in the fourth to fifth decades. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. 2) Hemoptysis and productive cough, the leading symptoms, occurred in 42.3% and 25% respectively. 3) On chest X-ray fingings, the characteristic 'fungus ball' pattern were observed in 53.8% of the 52 cases. 4) Sputum culture for aspergilli were positive in 21.6% of the cases. We performed foe needle aspiration in 22 patients and the diagnostic yield was 100%. 5) Thirty-six patients had history of treatment with antituberculous drugs under diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis for an average of 27.3 months. But sputum analysis for acid-fast bacilli were positive in 5.6%(2cases of 36cases), and postoperative pathologic findings showed that 38.9% (12 cases of 28cases) were combined with tuberculosis. 6) Right upper and left upper lobes were predominantly involved(34.6% and 19.2% respectively) and lobectomies were performed in 21 cases. 7) Underlying diseases were present in 47 cases and 48.9% of them were pulmonary tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: These results showed that pulmonary aspergillosis usually develops in patients with open cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. And we must consider the possibility of pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with hemoptysis and cavitary lung lesion.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspergillus ; Chronic Disease ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fungi ; Glucocorticoids ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Medical Records ; Needles ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis* ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Paragonimiasis*

No abstract available.

The management of distal femur fractures are difficult because of many complications including nonunion, delayed union, infection, loss of fixation, joint stiffness and angular deformity. Until 1960s, conservative management was considered superior to operative treatment in distal femur fracture. But, with advancement of new fixation devices and techniques, open reduction and internal fixation is recent trend. For the purpose of analyzing the factors effecting the results, we studied the 36 cases of distal femur fracture treated surgically from may, 1991 to May, 1994. By AO classification nineteen cases were type C fracture and seventeen cases were type A. According to Schatzker and Lambert criteria, excellent results were in 10 cases, good in 16, fair in 6 and fail in 4. We have analysed the results by fixation device, age, osteoporosis degree, fracture classification, open or closed fracture, operative approach in type C fracture and bone graft. Fair and fail results were more common in the cases of severe osteoporotic bone, type C with lateral approach and open fracture. Excellent and good results were more common in the cases of using the anatomical plate and dynamic condylar screw. We concluded that treatment device should be decided by fracture type, degree of communication, degree of osteoporosis and soft tissue state, and then satisfactory results will be obtained by accurate anatomical reduction, rigid internal fixation and early exercise.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Joints ; Osteoporosis ; Transplants