No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Temperament*

This article provides an overview of the major psychiatric disorders in the adolescence. Attention and disruptive behavior disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance use disorders, and schizophrenia are the main diagnostic categories of adolescent psychiatric disorders. Attention and disruptive behavior disorders include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Mood disorders include depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders include obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Eating disorders and tic disorders are described in the category of other disorders. This article discusses the demographic and clinical characteristics of the aforementioned disorders, focusing on the adolescent-specific clinical characteristics and the possible co-morbid conditions of each disorder. Diagnostic and evaluative points of each disorder for clinicians are also highlighted.
Adolescent ; Anxiety Disorders ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Bipolar Disorder ; Conduct Disorder ; Depressive Disorder ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Mood Disorders ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Phobic Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Tic Disorders

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Renal*

Tic disorder is a childhood neuropsychological disorder which has the characteristics of abrupt, involuntary, and repetitive stereotyped muscle movement or voice. Tourette's disorder shows a chronic prognosis, and can last for life if no medical treatment is applied. Though the tic disorder has been known for a long time, the underlying cause is still not well known. Psychotropic drugs have long been used for the tic disorder or Tourette's disorder, but few clinical studies were carried out. However, the European Society for the Study of Tourette's syndrome recently reported the clinical guideline of Tourette's syndrome and other tic disorders based on the research findings obtained so far. Also, the guideline for the evidence-based treatment was reported in Canada, and North America. By synthesizing the newly reported foreign guidelines for treatment and review articles, this study aims to investigate the psychotropic drug therapy used for the tic disorder or Tourette's disorder.
Canada ; Drug Therapy* ; Muscles ; North America ; Prognosis ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Tic Disorders ; Tourette Syndrome* ; Voice

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia and other related eating disorders are a heterogenous group of psychiatric disorders whose prevalence rates reach 0.5-1.0% for anorexia nervosa and 1.0-3.0% for bulinmia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight and bulimia is characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating, misuse of laxatives. diuretics or other medications ; fasting and excessive exercise. A disturbance in perception of body shape and weight is an essential feature of both disorders. Patients with eating disorders may have numerous medical, hypothalamic endocrine, metabolic and nutritional abnormalities. There have been several conceptual models to explain the etiology of eating disorders These are socio-cultural, family pathological, individual psychodynamic, developmental psychobiologiccl, primary hypothalamic dysfunctional, cognitive-behavioral and affective disorder theories. Among these thoeries, this paper attempts to review the biological theory and pharmacotherapy in eating disorders. Specifically, this review deals with physiology of eating behavior, neurotransmitter regulation of appetite and eating bvehavior, disturbances in brcin neurotransmitter system, neuroendocrine findings in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. and finally pharmacotherapy. Based on this review, future directions for research are also sutggested.
Anorexia Nervosa ; Appetite ; Biology* ; Bulimia ; Bulimia Nervosa ; Disulfiram ; Diuretics ; Drug Therapy* ; Feeding and Eating Disorders* ; Eating* ; Fasting ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Laxatives ; Mood Disorders ; Neurosecretory Systems ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Physiology ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to suggest a new model in psychiatry for understanding the psychopathology and to provide a new treatment modality. METHODS: In this paper, the author attempted to apply the concept of 'Consilience' to the field of psychiatry. Recently, the term 'Consilience' has been very popular and has been used frequently across the various academic fields. The original meaning of 'Consilience' is 'to jump (consilience) together (con). 'Consilience' was first used by William Whewell and Edward Wilson borrowed it to describe the unity of knowledge. In one word, 'Consilience' can be defined as 'to unify every field of knowledge and science to understand the human being and to improve the life of human being'. RESULTS: First, the human being by itself is the integrative being and consilient. Second, the developmental processes of psychiatry show that there are three definite developmental phases, including 'period of Consilience', 'period of diverse development', and 'reappearance of period of Consilience'. Third, in terms of historical perspective, the basic attitudes of religion have been closely associated with the basic concept of psychiatry. Finally, the treatment modalities in psychiatry show that integrative methods, including biological, psychological, social, and spiritual treatment have been applied. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, the 'Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Model' is suggested to apply the concept of 'Consilience' to the field of psychiatry.
Humans ; Psychopathology

The pubic louse, Pthirus pubis is a blood-sucking ectoparasite adapted to hold onto pubic, axillary and body hairs. It is usually confined to the pubic and inguinal region. However, it may also rarely involve the scalp and eyelashes. We report two cases of phthiriasis occurring on unusual sites, the first case occurring on the scalp of a 5 month-old male infant, and the second case on the eyelashes of a 49-year-old fe-male.
Eyelashes ; Hair ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phthiraptera ; Scalp

No abstract available.
Femur*

In this paper, we give an overview of the child psychiatry perspectives on developmental disorders and introduce the diagnostic categories of developmental disorders, based on the DSM-IV and ICD-10 classification systems. Pervasive developmental disorders, mental retardation and specific developmental disorders are the three main diagnostic categories of developmental disorders in this article. Pervasive developmental disorders include autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, Rett disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Specific developmental disorders include communication disorder, learning disorder and motor skills disorder. This article discusses the developmental and clinical characteristics of the above mentioned disorders, focusing on the developmental disabilities of each disorder and the differential diagnosis with other disorders. Future directions for diagnosis are also highlighted.
Asperger Syndrome ; Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Child Psychiatry* ; Child* ; Classification ; Communication Disorders ; Developmental Disabilities ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Learning Disorders ; Mental Disorders ; Motor Skills Disorders ; Rett Syndrome