BACKGROUND: Many mammals normally have a population of dermal melanocytes but these are not found in man, In humans, persistent dermal melanocytes can occur in the Mongolian spot, the nevus of Ota, and the blue nevus. Mongolian spot develops in the fetal or neonatal time and disapperars almost invariably during childhood. In contrast, nevus of Ota and blue nevus are not usually present at birth and persists in adult life. Recently, it was established that apoptosis can be involved in the development of melanocytes. The integrins mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and apoptosis can be induced by disruption of cell-matrix interactions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of integrins (a2, a3, ar) and in situ detection of fragmented DNA in Mongolian spot, nevus of Ota, and blue nevus. METHODS: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 8 cases of Monglian spot, 5 cases of nevus of Ota, and 4 cases of blue nevus were immunolabelled with monoclonal antibodies TM directed against az, ay, and av integrin, and stained with ApopTag in situ using an Apoptosis Detection kit. The cases of Mongolian spot were divided into two groups in which group A represented the the cases of more than 45 melanocytes and group B represented the cases of less than 10 melanocytes in a tissue section of 4-mm taken from punch biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Blue nevi showed az and e integrin expressions in dermal melanocytes and weak to negative staining of g v integrin in comparison with all positive expressions of a z, a s, and g y integrin in A group-Mongolian spots and nevi of Ota. The B group-Mongo]ian spots showed the continuous expressions of a z and a y integrin with negative expressions of a v integrin. The ApopTag kit staining was all negative in the Mongolian spots, nevi of Ota, and blue nevi. CONCLUSION: Our results support the view that dermal melanocytic tumors, such as the Mongolian spot, the nevus of Ota, and the blue nevus, might be induced by the disturbance or inhibition of the apoptotic process of the melanocytes, and that the spontaneous disappearance of the Mongolian spot may not be related to the apoptosis.
Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Apoptosis ; Biopsy ; DNA ; Humans ; Integrins ; Mammals ; Melanocytes ; Mongolian Spot ; Negative Staining ; Nevus ; Nevus of Ota ; Nevus, Blue ; Parturition

Background: This study was aimed to compare the analgesic effect and side effects of morphine- bupivacaine mixture with those of fentanyl-bupivacaine mixture after Cesarean section. Methods: Eighty patients who were taken continuous epidural catheterization after Cesarean section were divided into two groups. In group 1 (N=40) the mixture of 1% lidocaine 10 ml and morphine 1mg was firstly injected via epidural catheter, and then two day infusor (Baxter(R)) which contained the mixture of 0.15% bupivacaine 100 ml and morphine 6mg was connected to epidural catheter. In group 2 (N=40) the mixture of 1% lidocaine 10 ml and fentanyl 100 mcg was firstly injected via epidural catheter, and then two day infusor (Baxter(R)) which contained the mixture of 0.15% bupivacaine 100 ml and fentanyl 850 mcg was connected to epidural catheter. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were checked preoperatively, and at post-injection 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was checked at postoperative 1/2, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The side effects of epidural analgesia were evaluated. Results: In group 2 MAP was significantly decreased at post-injection 20 minute. VAS was significantly increased at post-injection 1/2 and 1 hour in group 1. The most frequent side effect was pruritus in both groups. Conclusions: The first bolus injection of the mixture of 1% lidocaine 10 ml and fentanyl 100 mcg has more rapid analgegic effect than the mixture of 1% lidocaine 10 ml and morphine 2 mg, but because of shorter duration of action of fentanyl it seems to be better to increase the dosage of fentanyl or replace fentanyl by morphine for more effective epidural analgesia after Cesarean section.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Lidocaine ; Morphine ; Pregnancy ; Pruritus

Sixty-one cases in which the diagnosis of epithelial cysts had been made studied. The data were collected from our own clinical records and a review of all histopathologic slides of epithelial aysts that had been filed at Departrnent of Dermatology, Chosun University Hospita.l during the past g years from July, 1979 to June, 1984. The results were as follows: 1) Among the 61 cases of epithelial cysts, 41 cases were epidermal cysts, 10 cases of milia, 7 cases of steatocystoma. multiplex, 2 cases of pilar cysts and 1 case of eruptive vellus hair cyst. 2) The average age of these patients was third decade. 3) The commonest site of epidermal cyst and milium was face. Two cases of pilar cyst occurred only on the scalp. Fteatocystoma multiplex was developed on the several sites, but not on the scalp and scrotum, 4) The average diameter was 6. 5 mm for epidermal cyst, p 6 mm for milium, 3 1 mm for steatocystoma multiplex and 17 mm for pilar cyst.
Dermatology ; Diagnosis ; Epidermal Cyst ; Hair ; Humans ; Scalp ; Scrotum ; Steatocystoma Multiplex

Patients with severe congestive heart failure due to rheumatic heart disease generally have both reduced cardiac output and increased pulmonary and systemic venous pressures. A study was therefore made of the use of vasodilator therapy with orally administered hydralazine, which acts on arteriolar resistance vessels and thus reduces afterload. 55 children aged from 4 years old to 15 year old were divided into two groups. Group I received oral hydralazine(4mg/kg/kay in 4 divided doses) in addition to digoxin therapy for mean duration of 10.5 months. Group II received oral digoxin only. The hemodynamic results using M-mode echocardiography, chest X-ray, and EKG between two groups were analyzed. 1) 4(78%) of 55 patients had only mitral valve involvement and another 12 patients had double valve involvement and all the patients belonged to functional class III or IV fo New York heart Association. 2) Left venticular end-diastolic dimensions and the height of R in V6 on EKG were not changed significantly in both groups. 3) Shortening fraction, LPEP/LVET, and RPEP/RVET were markedly improved in both groups, but the degree of improvement in group I was more significant than in group II. 4) 21(80%) of 26 patients in group I showed significant improvement in functional class(t=1.92, 0.05 Adolescent ; Cardiac Output ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Digoxin ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hydralazine ; Mitral Valve ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Thorax ; Venous Pressure

A statistical comparison of pulmonary artery and pulmonary venous wedge pressure has been made by the correlation coefficient method in 24 children with various congenital heart disease. None of them had pulmonary hypertension above the normal range. During the systolic phase, pulmonary arterial pressure was 2.02+/-2.64mmHg greater than pulmonary venous wedge pressure with poor correlation(r=0.57). During the diastolic phase, pulmonary venous wedge pressure was 2.08+/-2.47mmHg greater than pulmonary aetery pressure with poor correlation(r=-.63). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 0.79+/-1.02mmHg greater than pulmonary venous wedge pressure with good correlation (r=0.96). Therefore, it is concluded that if pulmonary artery is not entered, a pulmonary vein wedge pressure is a useful indication of pulmonary artery mean pressure in selected cases of congenital heart disease.
Arterial Pressure ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Veins ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure* ; Reference Values

We herein present two cases of angioleiomyoma with unusual location and number of cutaneous lesion. One was 58-year-old male who has two small peasized nodules on the left palm and volar aspect of the left fifth finger. The other was 63-year-old male with three small pea-sized nodules on the left palm, volar aspect of the left middle finger and the right sole. We confirmed these as angioleiomyoma by clinical and histopathological findings.
Angiomyoma* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Partial unilateral lentiginosis(PUL) is a rare pigmentary disorder charaeterized by lentigines limited to one side of the body with or without neurologic abnormalities. We report two cases of PUL unassociated with any other defect, One patient was 20-year-old female who had lentigines confined to the right side of the face and the other was 19-year-old male who had lentigines confined to the left side of the neck and upper trunk and left upper extremity. Histologic examination of the pigmented lesion revealed findings consistent with lentigo simplex.
Female ; Humans ; Lentigo* ; Male ; Neck ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Vesicovaginal Fistula*

No abstract available.
Amiodarone* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Child* ; Humans

We have used BALB/c mice as an animal model for the study of anaphylactic hypersensitivity to the house dust mite. For the sensitization, BALB/c mice were injected with a single dose of extracts of Oermatophagoides farinae (D. pa) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pt) mixed with adjuvants (aluminum hydroxide and Bordetella pertussis) intraperitonealy. On days of 15, 30, and 60 after the sensitization, the mice received a challenge dose of the same allergen intravenously to induce anaphylactic shock. The hypersensitivity reactions were scored by anaphylactic shock. And various immunological parameters, including cytokines and immunoglobulin isotypes, were studied in relation with the shock. A high level of anaphylactic shock was produced in the mice by both of the allergens, D, fa and D, pt, at 15 and 30 days after sensitization. In vitro Ag specific proliferative reponses of spleen cells from D. pt treated mice (D. pt mice) was six times higher than those from O. fa treated mice (O. fa mice). Regardless the differences in antigens, the production of IFN-r by spleen cells from D. pt mice or O. fa mice was equally high at 15 days after sensitization. However, the ability to produce IFN-r by the spleen cells from D, pt mice was three times higher compared to that from D. fa mice. The production of IL-4 by the spleen cells was enhanced slightly but not significant in both groups. In studies of the allergen-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in the sera of the mice, the level of IgE in both groups was enhanced slightly but not significant. In contrast, the level of IgG subtypes were increased in both groups. When the levels of IgG were compared by subtypes, the level of IgG1 increased significantly on day 15 when the anaphylactic shock score was maximized in both groups. Increase in IgG2a level at the day was not significant, instead, asignificant increase in IgG2 levels was observed on day 60 after sensitization when the anaphylaxis was almost discontinued. Although a higher level of IgG3 was examined on day 15 and 30 in D. pt mice and on day 60 in D, fa mice, anaphylaxis was not appeared to be associated with the levels of IgG3 in this study. The IgG1, rather than IgE, was assumed to the major factor involved in the anaphylactic response observed in this experiment. In conclusion, BALB/c mice would be an animal model for the study of anaphylactic hypersensitivity to D. fa or D, pt., which might be an essential tool for the future development of immuno-therapeutic agents.
Mice ; Animals