Following results were obtained from the light microscopic and stereomicroscopic observations of the breasts of rats treated with 9, 10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene(DMBA). 1) Adenocarcinomas developed in 17 rats (24%) among 70 DMBA-treated rats. 2) Terminal and buds (TEB) were observed longer in DMBA-treated rats than in control group, but they finally disppeared 4 monthes after treatment. 3) Many hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) developed in DMBA-treated rats. 4) There were no transitional lesions between TEB and adenocarcinoma or HAN and adenocarcinoma. 5) The number of lobules was decreased in DMBA-treated rats. On the other hand, terminal ducts were increased in number. These findings suggest that DMBA stimulate the regression of lobules and induce to form terminal ducts from which adenocarcinomas and HAN develop independently.
Rats ; Animals ; Adenocarcinoma ; Breast Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) infections in children at a secondary hospital during recent 5 years. METHODS: We collected the cerebrospinal fluid, stool and throat swab samples from the pediatric patients with suspected EV infections in KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from July 2006 to September 2010. EV detection and genotype identification were performed by RT-PCR at Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: A total of 386 samples were collected from 277 patients during study period. Ninety-eight patients (35.4%) were diagnosed with EV infections. The RT-PCR positive rate was the highest in throat swab samples (48.3%). The median age of patient was 4.7 years (range, 0.1-12.5 years). Aseptic meningitis (50, 51.0%) was the most common clinical manifestation; herpangina (22, 22.4%) and hand-foot-mouth disease (18, 18.4%). One hundred EVs were isolated from 98 patients and 20 genotypes of EV were identified; Echovirus 30 (28 cases, 28%), Enterovirus 71 (12 cases, 12%), Echovirus 25 (10 cases, 10%), Echovirus 9 (9 cases, 9%) and Coxsackievirus A6 (8 cases, 8%). Aseptic meningitis caused by Echovirus 30 was the most common manifestation in 2008. There was no complicated case caused by Enterovirus 71. CONCLUSION: This study showed the epidemiology of confirmed EV infection in children from 2006 to 2010. There is a need for continuous surveillance of EV infections and its clinical manifestations.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Echovirus 9 ; Enterovirus ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Genotype ; Herpangina ; Humans ; Korea ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Pharynx

Pulmonary blastoma is a rare lung tumor resembling fetal lung tissue. Pathologically the tumor can be classified to 2 groups, well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma(WDFA) and biphasic blastoma. WDFA has more favorable prognosis with fewer metastasis at initial presentation and fewer recurrence after treatment. We experienced a case of pulmonary blastoma in 32-year-old female patient. The patient was referred to our hospital because of abnormal mass shadow in right middle lobe. The diagnosis of pulmonary blastoma(WDFA type, Stage I T2NOMO) was confirmed after right middle lobectomy. We followed up 22 months without an evidence of recurrence.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Blastoma* ; Recurrence

Pure red cell aplasia in uncommon disorder characterized by finding of anemia, absence of nucleated red blood cell in the marrow, absence of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and normal peripheral platelet and leukocytes counts. We experienced one case of pure red cell aplasia associated with hemolytic anemia characterized by hemoglobinuria, reticulocytopenia, and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. The cause of the illness was not definitely identified, but we concluded that this patient had simultaneous occurrence of PRCA and hemolytic anemia following administration of diphenylhydantoin after craniotomy rather than virus or bacteria induced. The simultaneous occurrence of PRCA and hemolytic anemia in uncommon and the mechanism for diphenylhydantoin induced PRCA and hemolytic anemia is unclear.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Bacteria ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Craniotomy ; Erythrocytes ; Hemoglobinuria ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Phenytoin ; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure* ; Reticulocytes

PURPOSE: Gaining vascular access is difficult and time-consuming in critically ill children, so nowdays, in many countries, intraosseous vascular access is frequently used for rapid vascular access in critically ill children. Its pharmacokinetics is close to that of the peripheral intravenous route, but its infusion flow rate is faster. The purpose of this study was to determine how widely the intraosseous infusion technique was being used in Korean emergency departments. METHODS: We telephoned forty-two (42) randomly selected university-affiliated hospitals. We asked physicians if they use the intraosseous infusion technique. Responders were emergency and pediatric residents and emergency faculty. If they responded that they were not using the intraosseous infusion technique, we asked the reason. Also, we asked about their experiences with the intraosseous infusion technique. RESULTS: Forty-two (42) hospitals were enrolled in this study. No hospital used the intraosseous infusion technique on a regular basis. However, 8 hospitals used the intraosseous infusion technique occasionally. None of the responders had experience with the intraosseous infusion technique. CONCLUSION: The intraosseous infusion technique is currently underrepresented at emergency departments in Korea.
Child ; Critical Illness ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Infusions, Intraosseous* ; Korea* ; Pharmacokinetics

BACKGROUND: In a health examination program, advice from physician for change of health-related behavior and distribution of health educational pamphlets is routine. This study was done prospectively to analyze factors such as personal general characteristics, results of health examination, health examination satisfaction that relate to change of health promotion attitudes and compliance towards overweight, smoking, heavy drinking, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension. METHODS: The subject population was 689 cases from May 1997 to June 1997 in a general hospital health examination center. After health examination, 60.2%(415 cases) showed personal satisfaction by questionnaire. Three to four months later 78.4%(540 cases) responded to the telephone survey on change of health beliefs, health-related attitudes and compliance. RESULTS: In the telephone survey, 239 cases(46.0%) comprised high compliance group that had positive attitudes toward abnormal health examination results, 145 cases(27.9%) were mid compliance group, and 135cases(26.0%) were low compliance group. In males there was higher frequency of high compliance group than females(p<0.05). According to age, the older, the higher frequencies of high compliance group(p<0.05). In educational level group, the higher the educational level, the lower the frequencies of high compliance group(p<0.01). There was no difference in frequency of each compliance group between symptom motive and non-symptom motive group with each satisfaction group(p>0.05). In positive responders to the correspond advice of physician or health educational pamphlets, the frequencies for quit smoking, reduction of drinking amount, regular exercise, Compliance with taking antihypertensives, blood sugar control, diet control for dyslipidemia, taking antihyperlipidemics were higher(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Health examination service includirg advice of physician and education changed health belief and influenced positively to health promotion attitudes. Health examination is not only important for early detection of disease but also to promote positive change of health-related behavior. Further studies are needed to understand the changing process of management of health and disease.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Chronic Disease ; Compliance ; Diet ; Drinking ; Dyslipidemias ; Early Diagnosis ; Education ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; Male ; Overweight ; Pamphlets ; Personal Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Telephone ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Giant pigmented nevus is a variety of congenital melanocytic nevi, and may be associated with various abnormalities, such as skeletal malformation, lipoma, vascular nevi, melanosis in the meninges, meningocele, and intracranial arteriovenous malformation. We report a case with congenital giant pigmented nevus and porencephaly. This association should be considered as the spectrum of neurocutaneous syndromes related to congenital giant pigmented nevus.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; Lipoma ; Melanosis* ; Meninges ; Meningocele ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented*

Clinical observation was performed on the 71 hips of 52 patients which were replaced by total hip arthroplasty, who were treated at department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, from 1980 to 1985. The follow up period of each case varied from 2 to 7 years. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The peak age incidence ranged from 40 to 49 years, which was comprised 55.8%(29 patients) of total cases. Male was predominant(46 patients of total cases). 2. The cause of hip diseases were ; 49 cases of idiopathic avascular necrosis, which comprised highest incidence, 15 posttraumatic avascular necrosis, 4 osteoarthritis, 3 old pyogenic hip. 3. The lesion site were ; 23 right side, 10 left side and 19 both sides. All cases were Muller type which performed the Watson-Jones approach. 4. Seversl complications were developed; 1 subtrochanteric spiral fracture, 1 perforation of acetabulum, 1 perforation of femur shaft, 1 perforation of lesser trochanter of femur, 1 nerve palsy during the operation, post-operative superficial wound infection in 1 case, deep seated infection in 1 case, and wire breakage in 6 cases. 5. Preoperative and post-operstive functional evaluation by the Harris method was done ; 1) Average improvement was 49 points from 38.2 to 87.2 points. 2) Relief of pain was the most prominent effect of the total replacement surgery.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Paralysis ; Wound Infection

The subtrochanteric fracture of the femur is often comminuted because the subtrochanteric area is composed mainly of cortical bone and high compression force biomechanically and its proximal fragment is severely displaced by adjacent strong muscles. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain accurate reduction and rigid fixation and delayed or nonunion, limb shortening, varus deformity, metal failure, and many other problems can be encountered. Although various devices of internal fixation have been developed to solve these problems, we found many problems to select the fixation device in different fracture type properly. We studied 40 subtrochanteric fractures treated with various devices at our hospital from 1981 to Feb. 1987. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Male (28 patients, 70%) was predominant. The majority of patients (representing 55%) were between 31 and 60 years of age. While 10 of 12 female patients were after 50 years of age. 2. In 36 of 40 patients, the fracture resulted from high energy trauma, traffic accident or fall from height. 3. Pelvic bone fracture (4 cases)and head trauma (3 cases) were the most common associated injuries. 4. Fielding's type II(19 cases) fracture and Seinsheimer's type IV (10 cases) & V (9 cases) fractures were most common. 5. Of the 40 cases, 38(95%) were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Of fixation devices, a Jewett nail was most commonly used in 23 cases (60.5%) 6. The average time from operation to partial weight bearing was 12.2 weeks. 7. The mean duration of bony union was 25 weeks. And more longer period was needed in union as fractures goes distally 8. Of the 40 cases, 4 (10%) complications occured, those are : metal failure and fixation screw loosening (2 cases), infection (1 case), varus deformity (1 case). 9. From these series, these fractures should be treated as rigid internal fixation and Jewett nail or many other devices such as compression hip screw, condylar plate, or Judet plate could be applied successfully for the rigid fixation of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur according to the fracture displacement and stability.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Pelvic Bones ; Weight-Bearing

There are many methods in reconstruction for skin defect in hand and forearm. Among them, reverse ulnar artery forearm flap has several advantages which are versatile, safe and convenient flap. We report 6 cases of our experiences.
Forearm Injuries ; Forearm ; Hand ; Skin ; Ulnar Artery