Magnetic resonance (MR) is rapidly emerging technique that provides high quality images and potentially provides much more diagnostic information than do conventional imaging modalities. MRI is conceptually quite different from currently used imaging methods. The complex nature of MRI allows a great deal of flexibility in image production and available information, and key points are as follows. 1. MR offers a non-invasive technique with which to generate in vivo human images without ionizing radiation and with no known adverse biological effects. 2. Imaging mechanism of MRI is quite different from conventional imaging modality and for more accurate diagnostic application, It is necessary for physician to understand imaging mechanism of MRI 3. M.R. makes available basic chemical parameters that may provide to be useful for diagnostic medical imaging and more specific pathophysiologic information which are not available by alternate techniques. 4. M.R. can be produced by number of different methods. This flexibility allows the imaging technique to be applicated for particular clinical purpose. Multiplanar and three dimensional imaging may extend the imaging process beyond the single section available with current CT. 5. Future directions include efforts to; a. Further development of hard ware b. More fastening scan time c. Respiratory and cardiac gated imaging d. Imaging of additional nuclei except hydrogen. e. Further development of contrast media f. MR in vivo spectroscopy g. Real time MR imaging
Comprehension* ; Contrast Media ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pliability ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Spectrum Analysis

Newborns with ileal atresia frequently present with abdominal distension, bilious vomiting, and failure to pass meconium. Diagnosis is usually established on plain x-ray of the abdomen by the findings of distended small bowel loops and air-fluid levels. In the period of October 1988 to February 1994, 8 patients with congenital ileal atresia were operated and the following results were obtained. 1. Eight patients were comprise of 4 males and 4 females, the ratio of male and female was 1 : 1. 2. Six patients(75%) had been admitted to our hospital during three days of life. 3. Congenital ileal atresia was in 8 cases : Type I in two(25%), Type II in two(25%), Type III a in three(37.5%), Type III b in one(12.5%). 4. There was one premature patient who was small for gestational age. 5. Overall, abdominal distension and bilious vomiting occurring in seven patients, were frequent presenting complaints. 6. Diagnosis was possible with clinical symptom and simple abdomen. 7. Operative treatment was undertaken as soon as the diagnosis was made. In seven cases a primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed after resection of dilated proximal loop. 8. A total of four associated congenital anomalies were found in one patient. 9. Postoperative complications occurred in three cases(37.5%).
Abdomen ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Meconium ; Postoperative Complications ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Rural Health*

Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease and is generally considered not to be a sulfa-responsive dermatosis. As a rule, bullous dermatosis that excellently responded to sulfapyridine and sulfones was considered by some to be diagnostic of dermstitis herpetiformia. In 1977, Person and Rogers described 6 cases of bullous pemphigoid responded to sulfapyridine and sulfones. These sulfa-responsive cases were younger than ordinary bullous pemphigoid patients and the histopathologic findings showed prevalence of the neutrophilic infiltration. In this report, the patient who diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid by immunofluorescent studies has younger onset (38 years of age) than usual bullous pemphigoid and histopatbologic findings showed dense neutrophilic infiltrations. The patient was treated with 100-200mg of DDS for 2 months and the skin lesions completely disappeared.
Blister ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; Pemphigoid, Bullous* ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Sulfapyridine ; Sulfones

No abstract available.
Femur* ; Humans

Computerized Tomography is now well established and important noninvasive method of diagnosting mediastinal mass lesions because of its superior imaging of their size, location and internal composition. Authors analyzed and present CT findings of 30 surgically proven mediastinal tumors and cysts that were studied and treated at the Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 6 years. The most common tumor was thymoma (9 cases), and teratoma (6 cases), lymphoma (6 cases), bronchogenic cyst (4 cases), neurogenic tumor (4 cases), pericardial cyst (1 case) were next in order of frequency. There were 5 cases of thymoma showing homogenous solid density mass, 2 cases were malignant thymoma and myasthenia gravis was present in 2 cases. A case of thymolipoma and a case of thymic carcinoma were included. All teratomas were cystic masses but pathognomonic fat, and calcified density were seen only in 4 cases. 5 cases were located in anterior mediastinum and 1 case was in posterior mediastinum. Lymphoma (3 Hodgkin's and 3 non-Hodgkin's) appeared as irregular lobulated mass in anterior mediastinum. Neurogenic tumor (2 ganglioneuroma and 2 neurilemmoma) appeared as homogenous density mass located in posterior mediastinum. Among the 4 bronchogenic cysts, 2 were located in retrotracheal area, 1 was located in subcarinal and 1 was in parathoracic area. One case of pericardial cyst was oval shaped cystic mass located in left pericardiac border.
Bronchogenic Cyst ; Ganglioneuroma ; Lymphoma ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Mediastinum ; Methods ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Teratoma ; Thymoma

BACKGROUND: Autonomic reflex dysfunction in patients with diabetes is associated with unstable cardiovascular response in perioperative period. In this study we wanted to investigate the extent to which the intraoperative cardiovascular responses depend on the degree of autonomic dysfunction. METHODS: The influence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy upon the behavior of the circulatory system was investigated in 35 patients who had undergone ophthalmological surgery. A standardized test combination was used to study the patient's cardiovascular refractory reactions. The patients were then divided into a control group, non-diabetics without autonomic neuropathy (n = 18), and an experimental group, diabetics with autonomic neuropathy (n = 17). The anesthetic and surgical procedures (vitrectomy) were standardized and always identical. RESULTS: During the induction of anesthesia, patients in the experimental group didn't experience changes in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate as compared to patients in control group. During the maintenance of anesthesia, there were significant decreases in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in the experimental group, but in the state of emergence of anesthesia, there were no significant differences in either group. CONCLUSION: Autonomic neuropathy represents a perioperative risk factor, especially during induction and maintenance of anesthesia. I therefore recommend an autonomic nervous function test for evaluation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in preoperative anesthesiological examination.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Perioperative Period ; Reflex ; Risk Factors

The goal of therapy in patients with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas is to occlude the fistula preferably while maintaining the carotid blood flow. Since the introduction of the concepts of detachable balloon technique to occlude arteriovenous fistulas, the technique has become the treatment of choice in the management of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas. The major symptoms of traumatic CCFs are (1) pulsating exophthalmos, (2) orbital and cephalic bruit and murmur, (3) headache, (4) chemosis, (5) extraocular palsies, and (6) visual failure. Traumatic CCFs are combined with multiple associated lesion. We tried the occlusion of fistulas using Goldvalve balloons in 8 consecutive cases of traumatic CCF and the result of our experience is reported. Transarterial approach with manually-tied latex balloons is tried in all cases and the fistulas was successfully occluded in all cases. In 5 cases, the internal carotid artery was preserved and the arterial lumen was occluded along with fistula opening in cases. In one case, surgical ligation was done because of symptoms recurred and incomplete occlusion of fistula. We experienced hemiparesis as a major complication in one case during occlusion tolerance test, which was remitted spontaneously. The results of Debrun balloon treatment were relatively excellent. We consider that the first choice of treatment of traumatic CCF is occlusion of the fistula by a detachable balloons.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Exophthalmos ; Fistula* ; Headache ; Humans ; Latex ; Ligation ; Orbit ; Paralysis ; Paresis

BACKGROUND: Serotonin is found in the blood of the umbilical cord at birth in concentrations sufficiently high to affect vascular tone. Serotonin has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used to treat convulsions and hypertension in patients with preeclamptic toxemia. Bupivacaine is used in the epidural anesthesia for a cesarean section. The effects of magnesium and bupivacaine on serotonin-induced vasocontraction in a human umbilical artery was investigated. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 52 human umbilical arteries. The rings were suspended in an organ bath to record isometric mechanical activity. The concentration-contraction responses to bupivacaine, magnesium and serotonin were measured respectively. Vessels were pretreated with bupivacaine (10(-5) M) or magnesium (2 mM or 6 mM), and then serotonin (10(-9) M - 10(-6) M) was added cumulatively. Data analysis was assessed by an unpaired t test, one-way ANOVA and a Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Bupivacaine induced a contraction of umbilical arterial rings, and showed a maximal contraction (51.8 +/- 6.1%) at a concentration of 43nM. Magnesium induced relaxation of the umbilical artery in a concentration dependent manner. Pretreatment with bupivacaine (10(-5) M) potentiated significantly the concentration response to serotonin (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with MgSO4 (2 mM or 6 mM) significantly suppressed the contractile response to serotonin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bupivacaine, magnesium and serotonin are vasoactive on human umbilical arteries. Magnesium exerts a strong relaxant effect on serotonin induced vasocontraction in the human umbilical artery. Potentiation of serotonin induced vasoconstriction by bupivacaine may play a significant role in the reduction of umbilicoplacental blood flow.
Anesthesia, Epidural ; Baths ; Bupivacaine* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans* ; Hypertension ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Magnesium* ; Parturition ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Relaxation ; Seizures ; Serotonin ; Statistics as Topic ; Toxemia ; Umbilical Arteries* ; Umbilical Cord ; Vasoconstriction

Congenital origin intestinal obstruction are important disease due to required emergency operation. So accurate and rapid diagnosis needed for decreased mortality and morbidity. Radiologic must defect to accurate obstruction site and also associated other congenital anomalies. And also embryological basis are very important role to the diagnosis of these diseases. We were analyzed radiologically and clinically 25 cases with congenital origin intestinal obstruction with review of literature. 1. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 6 cases, midgut malrotation 4 cases, congenital megacolon 8 cases, imperforated anus 5 cases, ileal atresia 1 case and duodenal atresia 1 case. 2. Male and female radio was 16:9. Especially on hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 5 cases were male infants. 3. All cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis represented string sign and also pyloric beak sign, shoulder sign on UGI. 4. 1 case duodenal atresia showed double bubble sign on simple abdomen x-ray and ileal atresia showed mechanical small bowel obstruction sign with microcolon. 5. On midgut malrotaton, cecum was located in right upper abdomen on 4 cases. And 2 cases were associated with Ladd's band, 1 case with volvulus and 1 case with mesenteric defect. 6. Involved site of all congenital megacolon were localized to rectosigmoid colon. 7. On 5 cases imperforated anus, 3 cases were low type and 2 case high type. Rectoperitoneal and rectourogenital fistula were demonstrated on 4 cases.
Abdomen ; Anal Canal ; Animals ; Beak ; Cecum ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fistula ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Male ; Mortality ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Shoulder