The role of GABA or glycine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter is well established, and GABAergic or glycinergic neurons appear to play an important role in the mammalian retinas. It has been reported that certain amacrine, bipolar, displaced amacrine and ganglion cells are consistently labeled with anti-GABA or anti-glycine antisera in the mammalian retinae so far, and it has been suggested that colocalization of GABA and glycine within the retinal neurons could be common in the mammalian retina by recent immunecytochemical and electrophysiological studies. This study was conducted to localize GABAergic and glycinergic neurons and to define whether GABA and glycine are colocalized within same retinal neurons of the rat retina by immunocytochemical method using anti-GABA and anti-glycine antisera. The results were as follows : 1. GABAergic neurons of the rat retina were amacrine, interplexiform, bipolar, displaced amacrine and ganglion cells, and processes of GABAergic neurons formed dense networks with distinct two bands in the inner plexiform layer. 2. Glycinergic neurons were amacrine, bipolar, displaced amacrine and ganglion cells,and their processes were evenly distributed as dense networks through whole inner plexiform layer. 3. 28.5% of GABA immunoreactive amacrine cells and 9.8% of GABA immunoreactive bipolar cells located in the inner nuclear layer,and 11.9% of labeled neurons located in the ganglion cell layer showed glycine immunoreactivity in the rat retina. These results demonstrate that GABA and glycine, major inhibitory neurotransmitters, are colocalized within certain amacrine and displaced amacrine cells, and a few bipolar cells, and that neurons synthesizing and utilizing both GABA and glycine as their neurotransmitters may play an unique role in the visual processing in the rat retina.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; GABAergic Neurons ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Glycine* ; Immune Sera ; Neurons* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinal Neurons

PURPOSE: Prosthetic mesh is widely used for inguinal hernia repair; however, pain and stiffness can develop. This study was a prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized trial to assess postoperative pain and quality of life according to mesh type after inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent Lichtenstein repair for unilateral inguinal hernia with prosthetic mesh were enrolled and randomly allocated to the partially-absorbable lightweight mesh (LW group, n = 24) or heavyweight mesh group (HW group, n = 23). Data were collected using a visual analogue scale (VAS), Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS), and Activities Assessment Scale (AAS) at screening and postoperative day 1, 7, 90, and 120; foreign body sensation, sense of stiffness, and sense of pull during activity were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patients' demographics and clinical characteristics between groups. The VAS at day 90 was significantly lower in the LW group (0.46 ± 0.78 vs. 0.96 ± 0.82, P = 0.027). The CCS and AAS were significantly lower in the LW group at day 1 (51.33 ± 20.29 vs. 64.65 ± 22.64, P = 0.047 and 39.83 ± 9.88 vs. 46.43 ± 7.82, P = 0.015, respectively). Foreign body sensation was significantly lower in the LW group at day 120 (4.2% vs. 30.4 %, P = 0.023), as was sense of stiffness (P = 0.023). The sense of pull during activity was lower in the LW group at day 90 and 120 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.022, respectively). There was no recurrence or serious complication during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Partially-absorbable lightweight prosthetic mesh can be used for inguinal hernia repair safely and improve functional outcomes and quality of life after surgery.
Demography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Surgical Mesh

PURPOSE: Prosthetic mesh is widely used for inguinal hernia repair; however, pain and stiffness can develop. This study was a prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized trial to assess postoperative pain and quality of life according to mesh type after inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent Lichtenstein repair for unilateral inguinal hernia with prosthetic mesh were enrolled and randomly allocated to the partially-absorbable lightweight mesh (LW group, n = 24) or heavyweight mesh group (HW group, n = 23). Data were collected using a visual analogue scale (VAS), Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS), and Activities Assessment Scale (AAS) at screening and postoperative day 1, 7, 90, and 120; foreign body sensation, sense of stiffness, and sense of pull during activity were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patients' demographics and clinical characteristics between groups. The VAS at day 90 was significantly lower in the LW group (0.46 ± 0.78 vs. 0.96 ± 0.82, P = 0.027). The CCS and AAS were significantly lower in the LW group at day 1 (51.33 ± 20.29 vs. 64.65 ± 22.64, P = 0.047 and 39.83 ± 9.88 vs. 46.43 ± 7.82, P = 0.015, respectively). Foreign body sensation was significantly lower in the LW group at day 120 (4.2% vs. 30.4 %, P = 0.023), as was sense of stiffness (P = 0.023). The sense of pull during activity was lower in the LW group at day 90 and 120 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.022, respectively). There was no recurrence or serious complication during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Partially-absorbable lightweight prosthetic mesh can be used for inguinal hernia repair safely and improve functional outcomes and quality of life after surgery.
Demography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Surgical Mesh

No abstract available.
Neuroblastoma* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Abortion, Habitual* ; Female ; Immunization* ; Lymphocytes* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Hand* ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency* ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins*

The intracranial mycotic aneurysms are a rare complication in patients with infective endocarditis, and the management of the aneurysm is controversial. We presented a case of a 50-year-old woman who had infective endocarditis, complicated by an intracranial mycotic aneurysm of distal branch of the right anterior cerebral artery. Endovascular treatment using cyanoacrylate led to a successful result.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Infected ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Cyanoacrylates* ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endocarditis ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: Intraoperative quick parathyroid hormone assay (PTH) was introduced in the parathyroid surgery since 1988 and the value in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was well recognized in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative rapid PTH assay in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism by comparing intraoperative PTH results and the biochemical results at postoperative 6(th) month, including PTH values. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients of renal hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy and immediate autotransplantation from November 2003 to February 2005. PTH levels were measured by PTH assay at the induction of anesthesia (baseline level) and in 20-minute intervals after excision of the last parathyroid gland. More than 50% drop of initial PTH level was considered as completeness of parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Twenty minutes after resection, PTH levels decreased by 83.7% in 14 patients and by 50.2% in one patient. Ten patients (67%) were cured but 5 patients (34%) showed high PTH levels after 6 months. The drop rate of intraoperative quick PTH level in cured patients was 92% at 26 minutes after parathyroidectomy and was significantly different from 73.3% of persistent or recurrent five patients (P=0.047). Preoperative PTH level, calcium level, alkaline phosphatase level and preoperative localization were not different in the cured and recurrent or persistent patients of renal hyperparathyroidism. CONCLUSION: The value of intraoperative quick PTH assay in patients of renal hyperparathyroidism was questionable. More than 92% drop of intraoperative PTH level at 26 minutes after parathyroidectomy could predict success in our study.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anesthesia ; Autografts ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism* ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroid Hormone* ; Parathyroidectomy ; Transplantation, Autologous