Oral melanin pigmentation is common in some races and ethnic groups. The gingivae are the most frequently pigmented intra-oral tissues. Melanin pigmentation is the result of melanin granules, produced by melanoblasts intertwined between epithelial cells at the basal layer of the epithelium. We present one case of melanin pigmentation of the gingiva of 26-year old female. Melanin depigmentation method is applying a 90% phenol solution to deepithelize pigmented areas, gingivectomy, epithelial abrasion, bone denudation, and split thickess flap. We chose epithelial abrasion using round diamond bur. The patient satisfies the result and have almost no pain and discomfort. But repigmentation potential must be noticed to patient.
Adult ; Continental Population Groups ; Dental Instruments ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Gingiva* ; Gingivectomy ; Humans ; Melanins* ; Phenol ; Pigmentation*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bioactive glass and natural coral on the human periodontal ligament fibroblast(HPLF) behaviors during the regeneration process of peridontium. To determine the cellular events occuring in the presence of the particles of bioactive glass and natural coral, HPLF were isolated from healthy premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in alphaMEM at 37degrees C, 5% CO2, 95% humidity incubator. Bioactive glass and natural coral were powdered, and each particled(<40micrometer) were placed on the cultured cells at the concentration of 0.3mg/ml, and l,0mg/ml for experimental group. In control group no particles were added. And each group was evaluated by examining the cell morphology under phase-contrast micrograph at 4 day and transmission electron micrograph(TEM) and scanning electron micrograph(SEM) at 14 day, alkaline phosphatase activity at 5 and 9 day, protain synthesis at 4 day, DNA synthesis at 1, 2, 3 and 4 day, cell proliferation at 1, 3, 5,7 and 9 day and the formation of bone nodule at 30 day after culturing all groups in mineralizing supplemented mediun. No significant changes in cell morphology by adding these two matirials were found under phase contrast microscopy and TEM, HPLF phagocytocized each particles suggesting that HPLF is involved in the process of resorbing each particles and that bioactive glass were more biocompatible than natural coral. The ALPase activity of bioactive glass 0.3 mg/ml was similar with control groups and all the rests of control groups were significantly low(P<0.01) indicating a transient dedifferentiation of HPLF in the presence of bioactive glass and natural coral particles. There were no significant differences of protein synthesis between all groups. The DNA synthesis in experimental groups were significantly lower than control groups at 1, 2 and 3 day (P<0.01) but became similar to control groups at 4 day. Between control groups, the DNA synthesis in bioactive glass 0.3mg/ml group was significantly higher than other groups(P (0.01). Cell proliferation in natural coral 1.0mg/ml and bioactive glass l.0mg/ml groups were significantly lower than control group at 3 day(P(0.05) and there were no differences at 5, 7, 9 day. There were more bone nodule formation in experimental groups than in control groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that bioactive glass and natural coral have some effects of a transient dedifferentiation on HPLF and regeneration of periodontal tissues, however any significant cytotoxic effect on HPLF by these two particles were not found.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anthozoa* ; Bicuspid ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA ; Glass* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Incubators ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Regeneration ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived sources of stress among dental students. The relationships of these stresses to the year of study and gender were also examined. METHODS: The responses from the first to fourth year dental students to 30 items adapted from Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The Likert scale, ranging from 0 (not applicable) to 4 (very stressful), was applied to these items. A total of 341 students (male=196, female=145) participated, their average age being 24.7. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to analyze the effects of the year of study and gender on stressors. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis established a five-factor model including 1) clinical practice, 2) academic load and pressure, 3) personal problems, 4) low self-esteem, and 5) school administration or climate. Subscales for each factor show good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha ranging from .71 to .88. Mean score for factor II (academic load and pressure) was the highest among all factors for all of 4 years, which meant that primary stressors were amount of classwork, shortage of time, and competition among classmates regardless of the year of study. MANOVA result showed that the amount of stress from clinical practice and school climate generally increased through the years (p < .01), and that female students were more stressed than male students (p < .01). CONCLUSION: Students' stress is related to the features of the curricula and the learning environment. In reducing this stress, it would be helpful to modify the curriculum as well as to introduce mentor or counselor programs.
Climate ; Counseling ; Curriculum ; Education, Dental ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Mentors ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prothrombin ; Students, Dental* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

It was reported that low dose doxycycline(LDD) regimen could inhibit pathologically elevated collagenase activity in the gingival crevicular fluid of petients with adult periodontitis without producing typical antibiotic side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LDD regimen(20mg) administered during non-surgical therapy on clinical index and gingival crevicular fluid enzyme activity in diabetics who are at high risk for periodontal disease. Fortynine subjects having at least two sites with probing pocket depths greater than 4mm were selected. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were administered 20 mg doxycycline capsule or placebo capsule b.i.d. for 2 weeks. Clinical parameters of dental plaque, gingival inflammation, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level were assessed at week 0, 2, 4, and 8. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at the same time to evaluate the activities of collagenase and elastase. Clinical parameters and elastase activity were significantly reduced in all groups compared to the baseline value after treatment. Significantly greater reduction in pocket depth and gain in attachment level was shown in the LDD-administered group compared to placebo group in both adult periodontitis and diabetic patients. Total collagenase activity was also reduced significantly in all groups after treatment, but the greater reduction was seen in the LDD-administered diabetics group compared to relevant placebo group(at 4, 8week). Significantly greater reduction in active collagenase activity was also seen in the LDDadministered group compared to placebo group in diabetic patients(at 2, 4, 8week). These results indicated that use of low dose doxycycline could be aueseful adjunct to instrumentation therapy in the management of diabetic patient with periodontitis as well as adult periodontitis patient.
Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Collagenases ; Dental Plaque ; Doxycycline* ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Pancreatic Elastase ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis* ; Root Planing

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Doxycycline* ; Humans

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a qualitative platelet disorder characterized by a deficiency in the platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIa. It belongs to a group of hereditary platelet disorders typified by normal platelet numbers and a prolonged bleeding time. The severity of bleeding does not correlate with the severity of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa abnormality. The present case report describes the periodontal treatment of a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. A 30-year-old female with a history of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia was referred for gingival bleeding on tooth brushing and discomforts in #38 area. The periodontal finding revealed a diagnosis of localized slight adult periodontitis. Root planing and extraction of #38 was performed under 12 pack of platelets transfusion and digital compression was done for hemostasis. The gingival bleeding ceased within a day in maxilla and 2 days later in mandible. 42 pack of platelets was administered for 3 days of post-treatment and for iron-deficiency anemia 3 pack of RBCs was transfused 2 days later. 1 week later the inflammation in gingiva disappeared and gingival stippling appeared. The clinical result we got was good and in such a medically compromised patient it is an ability to maintain a proper oral hygiene that is essential both for oral and systemic health.
Adult ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Platelet Disorders ; Blood Platelets ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gingiva ; Glycoproteins ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Oral Hygiene ; Platelet Count ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; Root Planing ; Thrombasthenia* ; Tooth

This study analyzed a hospital-based study to investigate the incidence and clinical features of ocular traumatic emergencies in Korea. Over a 6-year period, 1809 patients with ocular traumatic emergency each individually underwent clinical study including subject characteristics, type of ocular emergency, disease severity, etiology of ocular trauma, injury location, cause of decreased visual acuity, management of ocular injury, and final visual acuity. The homogeneity of each finding of the clinical features of ocular traumatic emergency was tested by an X2 test at a 95% level of certainty. During follow-up periods ranging from 3 days to 23 months (mean 2.0 months), the 1809 patients with ocular traumatic emergency, 1183 males (65.4%) and 626 females (34.6%), were studied. The incidence of ocular emergencies peaked in the third decade of life, irrespective of gender (P< 0.05). Corneal abrasion was the most common etiology among 1, 552 (85.8%) closed injuries, and corneal laceration among 257 (14.2%) open injuries (P< 0.05). There were 542 cases (30%) of severe ocular injury, such as penetrating ocular injury, blow out fracture, and intraocular foreign body (IOF), and 1267 (70%) of less severe ocular injury, such as superficial ocular injury or contusion. The most common etiology of severe ocular injury was penetrating ocular injury, and that of less severe injury was corneal injury (P< 0.05). The main causative activity of ocular injuries was work in 631 cases (34.9%), assault in 398 (22.0%), play in 278 (15.4%), traffic accidents in 145 (8.0%) and sports in 128 (7.1%). Five hundred and fifty-four cases (32.5%) underwent surgical intervention. There was an improvement of visual acuity in 502 cases (70.1%), no change in 122 (17.0%), and worsening in 92 (12.9%). We suggest that preventive educational measures be instigated at workplaces to reduce the incidence of ocular traumatic emergency, especially severe ocular injury.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emergency Medical Services/*statistics & numerical data ; Eye Injuries/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Visual Acuity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate various methods of decontamination of ultrasonic scalers, high-speed handpieces and air-water syringes in dental equipments. Eimination of possible sources of microbial infection in dental operatories should be of primary importance. Microbial contamination levels of high speed handpieces, air-water syringes and ultrasonic scalers of 11 dental units in Seoul National University Hospital were evaluated after flushing the lines, alcohol sponge rubbing, or soaking in 0.1% chlorhexidine for 1,3 and 5 minutes. The result suggests that flushing the lines or soaking the tips in 0.1% chlorhexidine before use of the water systems may reduce the microbial levels. Soaking in 0.1% chlorhexidine for 5 minutes was most effective in reducing bacterial contamination.
Chlorhexidine ; Decontamination ; Dental Equipment ; Flushing ; Porifera ; Seoul ; Syringes* ; Ultrasonics*

The purpose of this study was to observe histopathologically the influence of advanced periodontitis on pulp tissue, and to conclude the correlation between the results with clinical madifestations. The samples were teeth with over 7mm pocket depth and over 50% radiographic bone loss. These were diagnosed to have very poor prognosis and thus planned to be extracted. Those with any of following conditions were excluded from the samples, loss of vitality, periapical pathology, restoration or prosthesis, dental caries, and attrition or abrasion. It was because these conditions could affect pulp without any correlation with periodontal disease. For the experiment, 17 teeth from 11 patients were selected. Average age of patient was 47. Each tooth was examined for following categoris; pocket depth, gingival recession, electric pulp test, mobility, percussion test, sensitivity test. The extracted teeth were fixed buffered neutral formalin solution. It was decalcified using 4% nitric acid. Sliced histological samples observed using light microscope, for pulp status, and severeity of inflammation. 4 samples were excluded due to histologic sample discrepency. Thus 13 samples were subject to observation. 4 showed normal conditions. Focal reversable pulpitis was shown in 5 samples. Chronic pulpitis was observed 1 samples. Pulpal abscess observed in 3 samples.
Abscess ; Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Dental Prosthesis ; Formaldehyde ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nitric Acid ; Pathology ; Percussion ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Prognosis ; Pulpitis ; Tooth

Non-surgical therapy is still an important technique in periodontal treatment. In this study, scaling and root planing(SRP) with or without concomitant subgingival curettage were compared clinically and microbiologically. 14 moderate adult periodontitis patients were included in this study. After 2 weeks from screening visit, with split mouth design, one quadrant was treated by SRP, and the opposite side was treated by SRP with subgingival curettage. Clinical measurement and microbiological analysis was taken at baseline, 1 month, 3 month post-treatment. Clinical parameters used in this study was probing depth, gingival recession, gingival index, bleeding on probing, plaque index, tooth mobility(Periotest Value). Microbiological analysis consisted of determination of the percentages of 4 bacterial groups according to morphologic type with phase-contrast microscope and measuring Black-pigmented Bacteroides after anaerobic culture. 1, There were significant changes in probing depth and gingival recession at 1 month(P>0.05), and these changes remained through 3 month. However, no significant differences were observed between two groups(P>0.05). 2. There were also significant reductions in gingival index and bleeding on probing at 1 month(P<0.05), and these reduced levels were maintained through 3 month with no significant differences between two groups(P>0.05). 3. In both groups, motile bacteria decreased significantly at 1 months(P<0.09), but increased nearly to baseline level at 3 month. 4. The percentages of Black-pigmented Bacteroides, in both groups, decreased significantly at 1 month(P<0.05), and in the subgingival curettage group, significant more reductions were observed than in the root planing group(P<0.05). At 3 month, significant reduction was found in subgingival curettage group only(P<0.09). According to these results, we surmised that concomitant subgingival curettage and root planing give some advantageous effect on bacterial recolonization.
Bacteria ; Bacteroides ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Gingival Recession ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mouth ; Periodontal Index ; Root Planing* ; Subgingival Curettage* ; Tooth