Prolapse of the bladder is a rather unusual occurrence and only comparatively few cases have been reported in the literature. A case of prolapse of the bladder through the urethra occurred in a 9-month-old girl was presented. In this case, the bladder was protruded through the urethra probably due to straining following diarrhea and formed an egg-sized prolapsed mass outside the urethra. The literatures were briefly reviewed.
Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Prolapse* ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder*

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been considered a useful tumor marker in monitoring responses, disease progression and recurrence after therapy in patients with prostatic cancer. However. The effect of digital rectal examination on serum PSA determination has remained controversial. The author. therefore. investigated the influence of examination on seurm PSA values. Blood samples were taken before (T0) and 5 minutes (T1), 1 hour (T2), 24 hours (Ts) and I week (T4) after digital rectal examination and the concentration of serum PSA was measured using a Tandeme radioimmunometric assay in 49 persons including 7 patients with prostatic cancer. 27 patients with BPH and 15 controls free of prostatic disorder, The following results were obtained. 1. In normal control group. the mean (+/-SD) PSA values before and 5 minutes, 1 hour. 24 hours and l week after digital rectal examination were 1.51+/-1.12, 2.12+/-1.57. 2.53+/-1.62, 2.39+/-1.41 and 1.97+/-1.20 (ng/ml) respectively. Although serum PSA values measured at 5 minutes. 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 week after digital rectal examination were significantly elevated (p<0.05), most of post-examination PSA values remained within the normal range. 2. In benign prostatic hyperplasia. statistically significant differences between PSA values before and 1 hour and 24 hours after digital rectal examination were observed (p<0.05), while in prostatic cancer group. there were no significant differences between paired pre-examination and post-examination mean PSA values. 3. There were statistically significant differences between PSA values before and 5 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 week after rectal examination in normal-value group (<4.0 ng/ml) and between PSA values before and 1 hour after rectal examination in high-value group (>4.0 ng /ml). These results suggest that the evaluation of the concentration or PSA level for prostatic cancer suspected should be done before or immediately after prostatic manipulation.
Digital Rectal Examination* ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Reference Values

Recent reports suggest that the responses of the detrusor muscle to the hypogastric nerve stimulation and some autonomic drugs may not be identical among various species. In this study, the responses of the isolated detrusor muscle strips of the Amyda Japonica and the rabbit to catecholamines were compared, and the type of the adrenergic-receptors was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) evoked only contraction in the isolated detrusor muscle of the Amyda Japonica and relaxation in the preparation of the rabbit. 2. The contraction-response in the Amyda Japonica was blocked in the presence of regitine, an adrenergic alpha-receptor blocking agent. 3. The relaxation-response in the rabbit was abolished by pre-treatment with propranolol, an adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agent. 4. Acetylcholine elicited contraction in both of the isolated detrusor muscle strips of the Amyda japonica and the rabbit, and the response was completely blocked in the presence of atropine. 5. The results described above suggest that catecholamines exert excitatory effect on the detrusor muscle of the Amyda japonica as it contains adrenergic alpha-receptors and inhibitory effect on the same preparation of the rabbit as it contains the adrenergic beta-receptors. Key Word : amyda japonica,alpha receptor, beta receptor.
Acetylcholine ; Atropine ; Autonomic Agents* ; Catecholamines ; Phentolamine ; Propranolol ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Laparoscopy* ; Ureter*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Finasteride* ; Rats* ; Spermatogenesis*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Impotence, Vasculogenic* ; Male ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex*

No abstract available.
Urodynamics*

The trend in chemotherapy of bladder carcinoma has evolved from the single agent to the combination chemotherapy. In 1985 Sternberg et al. reported 71 per cent of significant tumor regression and 50 per cent of complete clinical remission with M-VAC(methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) combination chemotherapy of treatment for advanced urothelial transitional cell carcinomas. Therefore, the effects of neoadjuvant systemic M-VAC chemotherapy in 23 patients with bladder carcinoma at the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Hospital from January 1987 to June 1989 were evaluated. The following results were obtained. 1. The average number of cycle were 2.1 and the cycle length varied from 28 days to 52 days (average: 32.8 days). 2. Clinical complete and partial remission rate were obtained in 11 patients( 47.8 per cent), while 6 patients( 26.1 per cent) had a minor response, 4 patients( 17.4 per cent) stabilization and 2 patients (8.7 per cent) progression. 3. After chemotherapy, 13 patients underwent operation (radical cystectomy 8, partial cystectomy and lymph node dissection 4, transurethral resection of bladder tumor 1) and there were no lymphatic metastasis except only one advanced case. 4. Toxicity included leukopenia in 21 patients and all patients had experienced alopecia, nausea, vomiting and general weakness. It was suggested that neoadjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy may be effective as treatment for patients with invasive bladder carcinoma and we need to define further and extend the potential roles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma.
Alopecia ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukopenia ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Nausea ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urology ; Vinblastine* ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Forty percent of the newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients are over the age of 70 years, but it is said that over 75% of them are excluded from active programs of management. This study was to evaluate the usefulness of M-VAC(methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer patients over the age of 70 years compared with that of patients under the age of 70 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with invasive bladder cancer were treated with M-VAC chemotherapy. We divided the patients into group 1- 20 patients over the age of 70 years and group 2- 40 patients under the age of 70 years. We compared cycle length, toxicity and clinical response of M-VAC chemotherapy in group 1 with those of group 2. RESULTS: The Karnofsky performance score was 85.5% in group 1 and 96.3% in group 2. The cycle length needed for 2 cycle of M-VAC chemotherapy was 67.2(range, 56-92) days in Group 1 and 61.5(range, 56-78) days in Group 2(p>0.05). Hematologic toxicities had not significant difference between two groups. Vomiting and stomatitis occurred more common in group 1. In 3 patients of group 1, the serum creatinine level rose to more than 3 mg/dl. The clinical response was 50% in Group 1 and 67% in Group 2(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The bladder cancer patients over the age of 70 years had much more toxicity, longer cycle length and lower response rate, but these differences had not statistical significance. These results suggest that M-VAC chemotherapy in patients over the age of 70 years will achieves the therapeutic effects when the patients have a good physical condition and toxicities to chemotheraphy are monitored closely.
Aged* ; Creatinine ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Stomatitis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vinblastine ; Vomiting

A total of 43 spinal cord injury patients with erectile dysfunction was placed on intracavernous injection of papaverine alone for one year. Thirty nine patients were able to obtain an erection adequate for penetration and 41 achieved transient functional penile erections after injection of papaverine. Of the 39 responders 20 patients practice self injection as a method to restore erectile function. Three episodes of priapism occurred in 3 patients and all patients were treated with aspiration of corpora. Two patients developedlocalized Intracorporeal induration and 5 suffered ecchymosis on injection site. We believe that intracavernous papaverine injection is a useful method for erectile impotence in men with spinal cord injury.
Ecchymosis ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Male ; Papaverine* ; Priapism ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*