STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The success of implants depends on intimate and direct contact of implant material on bone tissue and on functional relationship with soft tissue contact. Creation and maintenance of osseointegration depend on the understanding of the tissue's healing, repairing, and remodeling capacity and these capacities rely on cellular behavior. Altering the surface properties can modify cellular responses such as cell adhesion, cell motility, bone deposition. Therefore, various implant surface treatment methods are being developed for the improved bone cell responses. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of osteoblast-like cells to surface- modified titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was composed of four groups. Group 1 represented the electropolished surface. Group 2 surfaces were machined surface. Group 3 and Group 4 were anodized surfaces. Group 3 had low roughness and Group 4 had high roughness. Physicochemical properties and microstructures of the d iscs were examined and the responses of osteoblast-like cells to the discs were investigated. The microtopography was observed by SEM. The roughness was measured by three-dimension roughness measuring system. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD, AES. To evaluate cell responses to modified titanium surfaces, osteoblasts isolated from calvaria of neonatal rat were cultured. Cell count, morphology, total protein measurement and alkaline phosphatase activities of the cultures were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results were as follows 1. The four groups showed specific microtopography respectively. Anodized group showed grain structure with micropores. 2. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, electropolished group, machined group, low roughness anodized group, and high roughness anodized group. 3. Highly roughened anodized group was found to have increased surface oxide thickness and surface crystallinity. 4. The morphology of cells, flattened or spherical, were different from ach other. In the electropolished group and machined group, the cells were almost flattened. In two anodized groups, some cells were spherical and other cells were flattened. And the 14 day culture cells of all of the groups were nearly flattened due to confluency. 5. The number of attached cells was highest in low roughness anodized group. And the machined group had significantly lower cell count than any other groups(P<.05). 6. Total protein contents showed no difference among groups. 7. The level of alkaline phosphatase activities was higher in the anodized groups than electropolished and machined groups(P<.05).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; Edible Grain ; Crystallins ; Osseointegration ; Osteoblasts ; Rats ; Skull ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

Opsoclonus is the involuntary, repetitive, rapid conjugate ocular movements occurring in all directions that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. The cause of opsoclonus are idiopathic, paraneoplastic or postinfectious. Opsoclonus of the postinfectious origin often accompanies other abnormal movements such as tremor, myoclonus and ataxia, and shows a relatively benign course with good response to steroid. Six patients who suffered from myalgia, chilling, fever, cough and generalized weakness fior one to two weeks prior to the admission, experienced visual disturbance, gait unsteadiness and clumsiness of the upper extremities,, Prominent opsoclonus, tremulous movements of trunk and limbs, and intermittent myoclonus were observed. These symptoms markedly improved several days following the use of ACTH or dexametasone.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult* ; Ataxia ; Cough ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Fever ; Gait ; Humans ; Myalgia ; Myoclonus ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tremor ; Upper Extremity

Opsoclonus is the involuntary, repetitive, rapid conjugate ocular movements occurring in all directions that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. The cause of opsoclonus are idiopathic, paraneoplastic or postinfectious. Opsoclonus of the postinfectious origin often accompanies other abnormal movements such as tremor, myoclonus and ataxia, and shows a relatively benign course with good response to steroid. Six patients who suffered from myalgia, chilling, fever, cough and generalized weakness fior one to two weeks prior to the admission, experienced visual disturbance, gait unsteadiness and clumsiness of the upper extremities,, Prominent opsoclonus, tremulous movements of trunk and limbs, and intermittent myoclonus were observed. These symptoms markedly improved several days following the use of ACTH or dexametasone.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult* ; Ataxia ; Cough ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Fever ; Gait ; Humans ; Myalgia ; Myoclonus ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tremor ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to examine the health status measured by SF-36 and medical facilities utilization according to the health status measured by SF-36 in male workers. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 786 male workers. RESULTS: In bivariate analysis, physical functioning score was significantly different among the workers according to age, educational level, economic level, and job type. The bodily pain score and general health score were significantly different according to the workers'economic level and job type. The vitality score was significantly different according to the workers'age, educational level, economic level, and job type. The social functioning score was significantly different according to the workers'age, marital status, economic level, and job type. The role limitation emotion score was significantly different according to the workers'age, marital status, and job type. The mental health score was significantly different according to the workers'marital status, economic level, and job type (p<0.05). The SF-36 scores increased with higher workers'self-rated health status (p<0.05). The self-rated current health status of the workers was good when their economic status was high, their previous year health status was good and their SF-36 score was high (p<0.05). The rates of morbidity incidence and medical facilities utilization for 1 year were lower when workers'SF-36 score was high (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In consideration of the above findings, SF-36 is suitable to measure health status and predict the medical utilization.
Humans ; Incidence ; Male* ; Marital Status ; Mental Health ; Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine whether significant associations exist between the parents' country of birth and adolescent depressive symptoms in the early stages of a multicultural society. METHODS: We used data from the 2012–2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included responses from 327,357 individuals. Participants were classified into groups according to their parent's country of birth. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the significance of the associations. RESULTS: Adolescents whose parents were born abroad are more likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–2.12) than adolescents whose parents were native Koreans. Respondents whose father was born in North Korea or Japan or Taiwan show greater odds of depressive symptoms than respondents whose parents were native Korean. CONCLUSION: Adolescents whose parents were born abroad are more likely to have depressive symptoms. Multicultural family support policies should be implemented in consideration of the characteristics of the parents' country of birth.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strength of traditional metal-ceramic crowns and full zirconia crowns according to the occlusal thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mandibular first molar resin tooth was prepared with 1.5 mm occlusal reduction, 1.0 mm rounded shoulder margin and 6degrees taperness in the axial wall. Duplicating the resin tooth, 64 metal dies were fabricated. 48 full zirconia crowns were fabricated using Prettau zirconia blanks by ZIRKONZAHN CAD/CAM and classified into six groups according to the occlusal thickness (0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm). 16 metal-ceramic crowns were fabricated and classified into two groups according to the occlusal porcelain thickness (1.0 mm, 1.5 mm). All crowns were cemented on each metal die and mounted in a universal testing machine. The load was directed at the functional cusp of each specimen until catastrophic failure occurred. One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test (alpha=.05) and t-test (alpha=.05) were used. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. The test 1 group (646.48 N) showed the lowest fracture strength (P<.05), and the value of the test 2.3.4.5 groups (866.40 N, 978.82 N, 1196.82 N, 1222.41 N) increased as thickness increased, but no significant difference were found with the groups (P>.05). The value of test 6 group (1781.24 N) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P<.05). 2. There were no significant differences of the fracture strength of metal ceramic crowns according to occlusal porcelain thickness 1.0 mm (2515.71 N) and 1.5 mm (3473.31 N) (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Full zirconia crown needs to be 1.0 mm or over in occlusal thickness for the posterior area to have higher fracture strength than maximum bite force.
Bite Force ; Ceramics ; Collodion ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Molar ; Shoulder ; Tooth ; Zirconium

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare with pregnant and non-pregnant women for homocysteine and vitamin B12 and to determine effecting factors on serum homocysteine and vitamin B12 level. METHODS: From March 2001 to February 2002, 202 pregnant (24-28 wks) women and 237 non- pregnant women were included in this study. Blood sample for homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate and questionaires about life style and nutrition were done. Homocysteine was measured by HPLC and vitamin B12, folate were measured by RIA. RESULT: Concentrations (mean+/-8D) of homocysteine and vitamin B12 in pregnant women were 8.2+/-3.1 micromol/L, 449.4+/-212.3 pg/ml, and in non-pregnant women were 12.5+/-6.3 micromol/L, 1017.1+/-296.8 pg/ml, respectively. Risk group of homocysteine was 6.5% in pregnant women (n=12/185), and 26.4% in non- pregnant women (n=57/216). In pregnant women, homocysteine have a negative correlation with folate, vitamin B12 (p<0.05). Non- pregnant women were divided to three groups (smoker, ever been smoker but stop smoking now, non- smoker) and concentrations of homocysteine were 13.6+/-7.0, 13.0+/-6.7, 11.9+/-7.6 micromol/L, respectively. They were divided to two groups (drinker, non-drinker) and concentrations of homocysteine were 12.9+/-7.0, 10.4+/-3.0 micromol/L respectively (p<0.05). Pregnant women who take nutrients have a higher concentration of folate than in women do not (8.8+/-5.1 vs. 7.9+/-3.9 pg/ml, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Homocysteine in women during pregnancy is decreased by about 35% compared with that of non-pregnant women. In pregnant women, as homocysteine increases, as folate and vitamin B12 decrease. Among the non-pregnant women, higher level of homocysteine demonstrated in smokers than in non-smokers and in drinkers than non-drinkers. In pregnant women who take nutrients have a significant higher level of folate than do not, but have no significant relationship in homocysteine level.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Life Style ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins*

OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the integrated Careplan system, designed to manage and utilize the existing Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system; the system also defines key items for interdisciplinary communication and continuity of patient care. METHODS: We structured the Careplan system to provide effective interdisciplinary communication for healthcare services. The design of the Careplan system architecture proceeded in four steps-defining target datasets; construction of conceptual framework and architecture; screen layout and storyboard creation; screen user interface (UI) design and development, and pilot test and step-by-step deployment. This Careplan system architecture consists of two parts, a server-side and client-side area. On the server-side, it performs the roles of data retrieval and storage from target EMRs. Furthermore, it performs the role of sending push notifications to the client depending on the careplan series. Also, the Careplan system provides various convenient modules to easily enter an individual careplan. RESULTS: Currently, Severance Hospital operates the Careplan system and provides a stable service dealing with dynamic changes (e.g., domestic medical certification, the Joint Commission International guideline) of EMR. CONCLUSIONS: The Careplan system should go hand in hand with key items for strengthening interdisciplinary communication and information sharing within the EMR environment. A well-designed Careplan system can enhance user satisfaction and completed performance.
Certification ; Continuity of Patient Care* ; Dataset ; Delivery of Health Care ; Electronic Health Records ; Hand ; Information Dissemination ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Joints ; Patient Care

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion (CCH) was helpful in discriminating mesial from lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and what other factors were related in the development of CCH on ictal brain SPECT. MATERALS AND METHODS: We conducted retrospective analysis in 59 patients with TLE (M:41, F:18; 27.4+/-7.8 years old; mesial TLE: 51, lateral TLE: 8), which was confirmed by invasive EEG and surgical outcome (Engel class I , II). All the patients underwent ictal Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT and their injection time from ictal EEG onset on video EEG monitoring ranged from 11 sec to 75 sec (32.6+/-19.5 sec) in 39 patients. Multiple factors including age, TLE subtype (mesial TLE or lateral TLE), propagation pattern (hyperperfusion localized to temporal lobes, spread to adjacent lobes or contralateral hemisphere) and injection time were evaluated for their relationship with CCH using multiple logistic regression analysis RESULTS: CCH was observed in 18 among 59 patients. CCH developed in 29% (15/51) of mesial TLE patients and 38% (3/8) of lateral TLE patients. CCH was associated with propagation pattern; no CCH (0/13) in patients with hyperperfusion localized to temporal lobe, 30% (7/23) in patients with propagation to adjacent lobes, 48% (11/23) to contralateral hemisphere. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that propagation pattern (p=0.01) and age (p=0.02) were related to the development of CCH. CONCLUSION: Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusio ictal brain SPECT did not help differentiate mesial from lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion was associated with propagation pattern of temporal lobe epilepsy and age.
Brain* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime* ; Temporal Lobe* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

BACKGROUND: In general, higher resistance rates are observed among intensive care unit (ICU) isolates than non-ICU isolates. In this study, resistance rates of isolates from ICUs and non-ICUs were compared using the data generated from 20 hospitals in Korea. METHODS: Susceptibility data were collected from 20 hospitals participating in the Korean Nationwide Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (KONSAR) program. Duplicate isolates were excluded from the analysis. The resistance rates did not include intermediate susceptibility. RESULTS: The most prevalent bacteria in the ICUs were Staphylococcus aureus (21%) and Acinetobacter spp. (19%), and those in non-ICU were Escherichia coli (27%) and S. aureus (14%). The resistance rates were higher in ICUs than in non-ICUs at 84% and 58% for methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 86% and 70% for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylcoccus (CNS), 34% and 19% for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, 38% and 19% for cefotaxime-resistant E. coli, 45% and 25% for cefotaxime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, 42% and 24% for ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, 29% and 11% for ceftazidime-resistant Serattia marcescens, 83% and 44% for imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., and 32% and 17% for imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent bacteria in ICUs were S. aureus, CNS, and Acinetobacter spp., and high multi-drug resistance rates were observed in the Acinetobacter isolates. Therefore, infection control should be practiced in ICUs to prevent infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Acinetobacter ; Bacteria ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterococcus faecium ; Escherichia coli ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units* ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus