STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The success of implants depends on intimate and direct contact of implant material on bone tissue and on functional relationship with soft tissue contact. Creation and maintenance of osseointegration depend on the understanding of the tissue's healing, repairing, and remodeling capacity and these capacities rely on cellular behavior. Altering the surface properties can modify cellular responses such as cell adhesion, cell motility, bone deposition. Therefore, various implant surface treatment methods are being developed for the improved bone cell responses. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of osteoblast-like cells to surface- modified titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was composed of four groups. Group 1 represented the electropolished surface. Group 2 surfaces were machined surface. Group 3 and Group 4 were anodized surfaces. Group 3 had low roughness and Group 4 had high roughness. Physicochemical properties and microstructures of the d iscs were examined and the responses of osteoblast-like cells to the discs were investigated. The microtopography was observed by SEM. The roughness was measured by three-dimension roughness measuring system. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD, AES. To evaluate cell responses to modified titanium surfaces, osteoblasts isolated from calvaria of neonatal rat were cultured. Cell count, morphology, total protein measurement and alkaline phosphatase activities of the cultures were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results were as follows 1. The four groups showed specific microtopography respectively. Anodized group showed grain structure with micropores. 2. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, electropolished group, machined group, low roughness anodized group, and high roughness anodized group. 3. Highly roughened anodized group was found to have increased surface oxide thickness and surface crystallinity. 4. The morphology of cells, flattened or spherical, were different from ach other. In the electropolished group and machined group, the cells were almost flattened. In two anodized groups, some cells were spherical and other cells were flattened. And the 14 day culture cells of all of the groups were nearly flattened due to confluency. 5. The number of attached cells was highest in low roughness anodized group. And the machined group had significantly lower cell count than any other groups(P<.05). 6. Total protein contents showed no difference among groups. 7. The level of alkaline phosphatase activities was higher in the anodized groups than electropolished and machined groups(P<.05).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; Edible Grain ; Crystallins ; Osseointegration ; Osteoblasts ; Rats ; Skull ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

Opsoclonus is the involuntary, repetitive, rapid conjugate ocular movements occurring in all directions that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. The cause of opsoclonus are idiopathic, paraneoplastic or postinfectious. Opsoclonus of the postinfectious origin often accompanies other abnormal movements such as tremor, myoclonus and ataxia, and shows a relatively benign course with good response to steroid. Six patients who suffered from myalgia, chilling, fever, cough and generalized weakness fior one to two weeks prior to the admission, experienced visual disturbance, gait unsteadiness and clumsiness of the upper extremities,, Prominent opsoclonus, tremulous movements of trunk and limbs, and intermittent myoclonus were observed. These symptoms markedly improved several days following the use of ACTH or dexametasone.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult* ; Ataxia ; Cough ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Fever ; Gait ; Humans ; Myalgia ; Myoclonus ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tremor ; Upper Extremity

Opsoclonus is the involuntary, repetitive, rapid conjugate ocular movements occurring in all directions that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. The cause of opsoclonus are idiopathic, paraneoplastic or postinfectious. Opsoclonus of the postinfectious origin often accompanies other abnormal movements such as tremor, myoclonus and ataxia, and shows a relatively benign course with good response to steroid. Six patients who suffered from myalgia, chilling, fever, cough and generalized weakness fior one to two weeks prior to the admission, experienced visual disturbance, gait unsteadiness and clumsiness of the upper extremities,, Prominent opsoclonus, tremulous movements of trunk and limbs, and intermittent myoclonus were observed. These symptoms markedly improved several days following the use of ACTH or dexametasone.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult* ; Ataxia ; Cough ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Fever ; Gait ; Humans ; Myalgia ; Myoclonus ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tremor ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to examine the health status measured by SF-36 and medical facilities utilization according to the health status measured by SF-36 in male workers. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 786 male workers. RESULTS: In bivariate analysis, physical functioning score was significantly different among the workers according to age, educational level, economic level, and job type. The bodily pain score and general health score were significantly different according to the workers'economic level and job type. The vitality score was significantly different according to the workers'age, educational level, economic level, and job type. The social functioning score was significantly different according to the workers'age, marital status, economic level, and job type. The role limitation emotion score was significantly different according to the workers'age, marital status, and job type. The mental health score was significantly different according to the workers'marital status, economic level, and job type (p<0.05). The SF-36 scores increased with higher workers'self-rated health status (p<0.05). The self-rated current health status of the workers was good when their economic status was high, their previous year health status was good and their SF-36 score was high (p<0.05). The rates of morbidity incidence and medical facilities utilization for 1 year were lower when workers'SF-36 score was high (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In consideration of the above findings, SF-36 is suitable to measure health status and predict the medical utilization.
Humans ; Incidence ; Male* ; Marital Status ; Mental Health ; Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine whether significant associations exist between the parents' country of birth and adolescent depressive symptoms in the early stages of a multicultural society. METHODS: We used data from the 2012–2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included responses from 327,357 individuals. Participants were classified into groups according to their parent's country of birth. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the significance of the associations. RESULTS: Adolescents whose parents were born abroad are more likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–2.12) than adolescents whose parents were native Koreans. Respondents whose father was born in North Korea or Japan or Taiwan show greater odds of depressive symptoms than respondents whose parents were native Korean. CONCLUSION: Adolescents whose parents were born abroad are more likely to have depressive symptoms. Multicultural family support policies should be implemented in consideration of the characteristics of the parents' country of birth.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strength of traditional metal-ceramic crowns and full zirconia crowns according to the occlusal thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mandibular first molar resin tooth was prepared with 1.5 mm occlusal reduction, 1.0 mm rounded shoulder margin and 6degrees taperness in the axial wall. Duplicating the resin tooth, 64 metal dies were fabricated. 48 full zirconia crowns were fabricated using Prettau zirconia blanks by ZIRKONZAHN CAD/CAM and classified into six groups according to the occlusal thickness (0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm). 16 metal-ceramic crowns were fabricated and classified into two groups according to the occlusal porcelain thickness (1.0 mm, 1.5 mm). All crowns were cemented on each metal die and mounted in a universal testing machine. The load was directed at the functional cusp of each specimen until catastrophic failure occurred. One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test (alpha=.05) and t-test (alpha=.05) were used. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. The test 1 group (646.48 N) showed the lowest fracture strength (P<.05), and the value of the test 2.3.4.5 groups (866.40 N, 978.82 N, 1196.82 N, 1222.41 N) increased as thickness increased, but no significant difference were found with the groups (P>.05). The value of test 6 group (1781.24 N) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P<.05). 2. There were no significant differences of the fracture strength of metal ceramic crowns according to occlusal porcelain thickness 1.0 mm (2515.71 N) and 1.5 mm (3473.31 N) (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Full zirconia crown needs to be 1.0 mm or over in occlusal thickness for the posterior area to have higher fracture strength than maximum bite force.
Bite Force ; Ceramics ; Collodion ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Molar ; Shoulder ; Tooth ; Zirconium

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion (CCH) was helpful in discriminating mesial from lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and what other factors were related in the development of CCH on ictal brain SPECT. MATERALS AND METHODS: We conducted retrospective analysis in 59 patients with TLE (M:41, F:18; 27.4+/-7.8 years old; mesial TLE: 51, lateral TLE: 8), which was confirmed by invasive EEG and surgical outcome (Engel class I , II). All the patients underwent ictal Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT and their injection time from ictal EEG onset on video EEG monitoring ranged from 11 sec to 75 sec (32.6+/-19.5 sec) in 39 patients. Multiple factors including age, TLE subtype (mesial TLE or lateral TLE), propagation pattern (hyperperfusion localized to temporal lobes, spread to adjacent lobes or contralateral hemisphere) and injection time were evaluated for their relationship with CCH using multiple logistic regression analysis RESULTS: CCH was observed in 18 among 59 patients. CCH developed in 29% (15/51) of mesial TLE patients and 38% (3/8) of lateral TLE patients. CCH was associated with propagation pattern; no CCH (0/13) in patients with hyperperfusion localized to temporal lobe, 30% (7/23) in patients with propagation to adjacent lobes, 48% (11/23) to contralateral hemisphere. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that propagation pattern (p=0.01) and age (p=0.02) were related to the development of CCH. CONCLUSION: Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusio ictal brain SPECT did not help differentiate mesial from lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion was associated with propagation pattern of temporal lobe epilepsy and age.
Brain* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime* ; Temporal Lobe* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to measure and compare the facial dimensions of the Miss Korea pageant contestants and a selected group of women from the general population by using three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, as well as to compare various facial ratios to the golden ratio within each group. METHODS: Three-dimensional images of 52 Miss Korea pageant contestants (MK group) and 41 young female adults selected from the general population (GP group) were acquired. Fifty-four variables and ratios were measured and calculated. Intergroup comparisons were performed using multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS: Compared to the GP group, the MK group showed greater total facial height and eye width, lesser lower-facial height, and lesser facial, lower-facial, and nasal widths. Moreover, compared to the GP group, the MK group had more protruded noses with greater nasolabial angle, greater vertical curvature of the foreheads, lesser horizontal curvature of the cheek, and lesser lower-lip-and-chin volume. CONCLUSIONS: The MK group had longer faces but smaller lower lips and chins than did the GP group. The golden ratio was not matching the current facial esthetic standards. These data might be beneficial for treatment planning of patients undergoing orthognathic and plastic surgeries.
Adult ; Cheek ; Chin ; Esthetics* ; Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Korea* ; Lip ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nose ; Plastics

OBJECTIVES: This study determined the work schedules of public project workers who work an irregular shift and assessed the effect of these schedules on depression. METHODS: Study subjects were 2934 laborers who are members of seven labor unions. Each was given a questionnaire requesting basic personal information, habits, socioeconomic status, and work schedules. Information gathered on work schedules included daytime, nighttime, and weekend work hours. Depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), with Laborers who checked "not depressed" and "slightly depressive" categorized to a low-risk group, whereas laborers who checked "depressed" and "severely depressed" were categorized to a high-risk group. We used the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to examine associations between work schedules and depression. RESULTS: Laborers on an irregular work schedule averaged 47.8 hours/week and laborers who working over 48 hours/week comprised over half (54.5%) of the total population. Laborers performing night work, Sunday work, and Saturday work more than once in a month made up 25.7%, 30.8% and 33.5% of the examined population, respectively. A high-risk for depression was identified in 10.4% of laborers. Using logistic regression, depression was statistically associated with working : over 10 hours a day (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.10~2.43), night work (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.46~3.32), Sunday work (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.15~2.85) and Saturday work (OR=1.82 95% CI 1.18~2.82). CONCLUSION: A significant number of laborers with irregular working shifts work long hours and on weekends. Depression was significantly associated with this type of work schedule.
Appointments and Schedules ; Depression ; Humans ; Labor Unions ; Logistic Models ; Public Sector ; Questionnaires ; Social Class

OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the integrated Careplan system, designed to manage and utilize the existing Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system; the system also defines key items for interdisciplinary communication and continuity of patient care. METHODS: We structured the Careplan system to provide effective interdisciplinary communication for healthcare services. The design of the Careplan system architecture proceeded in four steps-defining target datasets; construction of conceptual framework and architecture; screen layout and storyboard creation; screen user interface (UI) design and development, and pilot test and step-by-step deployment. This Careplan system architecture consists of two parts, a server-side and client-side area. On the server-side, it performs the roles of data retrieval and storage from target EMRs. Furthermore, it performs the role of sending push notifications to the client depending on the careplan series. Also, the Careplan system provides various convenient modules to easily enter an individual careplan. RESULTS: Currently, Severance Hospital operates the Careplan system and provides a stable service dealing with dynamic changes (e.g., domestic medical certification, the Joint Commission International guideline) of EMR. CONCLUSIONS: The Careplan system should go hand in hand with key items for strengthening interdisciplinary communication and information sharing within the EMR environment. A well-designed Careplan system can enhance user satisfaction and completed performance.
Certification ; Continuity of Patient Care* ; Dataset ; Delivery of Health Care ; Electronic Health Records ; Hand ; Information Dissemination ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Joints ; Patient Care