Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on different types of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 46 patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from Jan 2017 to Aug 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 26 with arterial borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (ABRPC) and 20 with venous borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (VBRPC). Eighteen patients of VBRPC and 15 patients of ABRPC were then successfully received surgical resection.Results:After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, CA19-9 levels decreased significantly ( P<0.05), while other indicators were not statistically different ( P>0.05). Compared with the non-surgical group, the diameter of the tumour was significantly reduced after neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( P<0.05). The surgical resection rate of 90.0% in the VBRPC group was higher than that of 57.7% in the ABRPC group ( P=0.037). Conclusions:Patients with significantly tumour progress after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are difficult to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy; Venous borderline resectable pancreatic cancer patients had a higher surgical resection rate than those with ABRPC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.