PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to perform a histological analysis of the effect of a ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) laser on oral buccal mucosa tissue in vivo to simulate its effect on the mucosa of the lower urinary tract. METHODS: A total of 90 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethrane (1.2 g/kg intraperitoneally). A pre-specified inner buccal mucosal site was irradiated with a YDF master-oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system for 60 seconds, with output power settings of 0.5, 1, and 2 W, respectively, in 3 treatment groups. Specimens of irradiated tissue were harvested at 2 hours, 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after irradiation. The tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis. RESULTS: In the group treated with 0.5 W, basal cell elongation and vacuolization were observed at 2 hours and 24 hours after treatment, respectively. No evident injury was observed after 2 or 4 weeks. The group treated with 1 W presented partial basal layer separation, and even complete epidermal ablation, within 2 hours. At 24 hours after laser treatment, new capillaries on an edematous background of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as profuse infiltration of the neutrophils to the basal layer, were observed. Collagen deposition and reepithelization were observed in specimens taken 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment. The group treated with 2 W presented bigger and deeper injuries at 2 hours after irradiation. Meanwhile, subepidermal bullae with full-thickness epidermal necrosis and underlying inflammatory infiltrate were observed 24 hours after treatment. The presence of fibrous connective tissue and collagen deposition were observed 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the effect of a YDF laser on living tissue. Our study demonstrated that the typical histological findings of the tissue reaction to the YDF MOPA apparatus were very similar to those associated with thermal injuries. The extent and degree of tissue damage increased proportionally to the output power.
Animals ; Capillaries ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fibroblasts ; Hematoxylin ; Mouth Mucosa* ; Mucous Membrane ; Myofibroblasts ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Tract* ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for extremely large prostates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing HoLEP between July 2008 and December 2013 from the Seoul National University Hospital Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Database Registry were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to their total prostate volume (TPV): group A (TPV<100 mL), group B (100 mL< or =TPV<200 mL), and group C (TPV> or =200 mL); the clinical data of the three groups were compared. All patients were followed up 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 502 patients (group A, 426; group B, 70; group C, 6) with a mean age of 69.0 (standard deviation, +/-7.3) years were included in our analysis. The mean prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen level were 68.7+/-36.9 mL and 4.15+/-4.24 ng/mL, respectively. The enucleation and morcellation times were longer in group C (p<0.001), and the enucleation efficacy was higher in this group (p<0.001, R2=0.399). Moreover, the mean postoperative catheterization and hospitalization periods were significantly longer in group C (p=0.004 and p=0.011, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in any other postoperative events, including recatheterization, reoperation, urinary tract infection, clot retention, and bladder neck contracture (p range, 0.516-0.913). One patient in group C experienced recurrence of the urethral stricture. CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP in patients with an extremely large prostate can be performed efficiently and safely.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Holmium ; Humans ; Laser Therapy/*adverse effects ; Lasers, Solid-State/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; *Postoperative Complications ; Prostate/pathology/*surgery ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/*surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate/*methods ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of age on the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: A total of 579 patients underwent HoLEP procedure performed by a single surgeon (SJO) between December 2009 and May 2013. The perioperative and functional outcomes of patients in the age groups of 50-59 (group A, n=44), 60-69 (group B, n=253), 70-79 (group C, n=244), and ≥80 years (group D, n=38) were compared. The Clavien-Dindo system was used to evaluate clinical outcomes. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume, and urinary continence were used to assess functional outcomes. RESULTS: In this study, the patients ≥80 years had significantly higher presence of hypertension (P=0.007), total prostate volumes (P=0.024), transitional zone volume (P=0.002), American Society of Anesthesiologists scores (P=0.006), urinary retention (P=0.032), and anticoagulation use (P=0.008) at preoperative period. Moreover, the mean values of operation time, enucleation time, morcellation time, and enucleation weight were higher in group D compared with other group patients (P=0.002, P=0.010, P<0.01, and P=0.009, respectively). Patients aged ≥80 years had a longer hospital stay time (2.9±1.8 days) than other groups (group A, 2.3±0.7 days; group B, 2.3±0.7 days vs. group C, 2.4±0.7 days; P=0.001). All groups were similar in regard to the incidence of complications (Clavien-Dindo grade) post operatively (P>0.05). All the patients in the present study showed improvement in functional outcomes after HoLEP. By the sixth month, there were no significant differences in IPSS, quality of life, Qmax, and PVR among the groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with younger patients, the patients aged ≥80 years had a similar overall morbidity and 6-month functional outcomes of HoLEP. HoLEP is a safe and effective treatment for BPH among the elderly.
Aged ; Holmium* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Length of Stay ; Morcellation ; Preoperative Period ; Prospective Studies* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Retention

To investigate the comprehensive clinical effect of early application of novel endocrine therapy combined with docetaxel for high-risk hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. A 62 year old patient was admitted due in April 2020, presented with numbness and weakness in both lower limbs for 10 days. Multiple bone metastases including thoracic vertebra and sternum was found by thoracic magnetic resonance imaging. Total resection of T5 vertebral tumor, spinal canal decompression were performed. Bone metastases was confirmed by postoperative pathological examination, and the tumor that meets clinical diagnostic criteria for prostate acinar adenocarcinoma. The post-operative PSA was 960.602 ng/ml. Based on history, imaging, pathological and serological findings, the diagnosis of high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), with high tumor burden was considered. The clinical stage was T 4N 1M 1. After treatment with novel endocrine therapy (enzalutamide+ androgen deprivation therapy, 3 months) combined with docetaxel(75mg/m 2, once every 3 weeks, plus prednisone 5mg, twice daily, for 4 circles), the patient’s symptoms had improved and the lesion was found to be smaller. Novel endocrine therapy combined with docetaxel can effectively suppress disease progression. The most common adverse effects include hot flushes, fatigue, headache, and hematologic toxicity (anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia) were not observed in this case. This case exemplifies novel endocrine therapy combined with DTX therapy may be one of the effective treatment options for high-risk metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: To identify the clinical and pathological characteristics of hard nodules resistant to morcellation (HNRM) during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Between July 2008 and October 2011, 246 patients underwent HoLEP for symptomatic BPH. The first 30 patients were excluded from the analysis due to the learning curve of the procedure. The remaining patients were divided into HNRM (n=29) and non-HNRM groups (n=187), and comparative analysis of the clinical parameters of the two groups was performed. International prostate symptom score analysis and urodynamic studies were performed preoperatively. Histological analysis was performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining of the HNRM specimens. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (13.4%) had HNRM. The patients in the HNRM group had significantly higher proportions of advanced age (> or =65 years, P=0.029), total prostate volume > or =65 mL (P<0.001), transition zone volume > or =35 mL (P<0.001), serum prostate-specific antigen levels > or =10 ng/mL (P=0.007), and functional urethral length > or =70 mm (P=0.009); larger enucleation weight (P<0.001); longer operation (P=0.001), enucleation (P=0.042), and morcellation times (P<0.001); and higher enucleation ratio (P=0.028) and enucleation efficacy (P=0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age > or =65 years and total prostate volume > or =65 mL were independent risk factors for HNRM. Pathological examination did not reveal any malignant cells, with mainly dense fibrous tissue found in the HNRM. CONCLUSIONS: HNRM can make morcellation cumbersome and time-consuming, and older patients with larger prostates have a higher incidence of HNRM. However, the histopathology of HNRM revealed mainly fibrotic tissue.
Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Learning Curve ; Logistic Models ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Risk Factors ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urodynamics