Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of azacitidine alone or combined with half-course CAG (arorubicin + cytarabine + granulocyte colony stimulating factor) regimen and azacitidine combined with full-course CAG regimen in treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Methods:The clinical data of 51 patients with AML and MDS admitted to Datong Fifth People's Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 17 patients received azacitidine alone 7-day regimen, 17 patients received azacitidine combined with half-course CAG regimen and 17 patients received azacitidine combined with full-course CAG regimen. The remission rate, adverse reaction rate and supportive treatment were compared among the three groups.Results:The objective remission rate (ORR) was 58.8% (10/17), 64.7% (11/17) and 70.6% (12/17) in azacitidine alone group, azacitidine combined with half course CAG group, and azacitidine combined with full course CAG group, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant among the above groups ( P = 0.773). The main adverse reaction after treatment with azacitidine was bone marrow suppression,and 32 patients had grade 3-4 hematological side effects. The average time of agranulocytopenia was (15±5) d, 23 patients had infection and 11 cases had hemorrhage. There were no significant differences of the three groups in the hemorrhage incidence, the infection, incidence, agranulocytosis time, the amount of red blood cell infusion and the amount of platelet infusion (all P > 0.05). Except 1 patient died of acute left ventricular dysfunction after chemotherapy in the first cycle and 1 patient died of cerebral hemorrhage after chemotherapy in the third cycle, all the patients successfully completed the chemotherapy after active symptomatic support treatment and safely passed the bone marrow suppression period. Conclusions:Azacitidine alone, azacitidine combined with half-course CAG, azacitidine combined with full-course CAG regimens in the treatment of AML/MDS all show good curative effects, and their adverse reactions are similar to supportive treatment. Azacitidine combined with full-course CAG regimen has a relatively high effective rate.

Objective: To evaluate the caries status of a cohort of 3-year-old caries-free children from 2 kindergartens in Beijing in a period of 2 years by using Cariostat caries activity test and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Cariostat score as a caries risk indicator for caries-free children. Methods: Totally 426 3-year-old caries-free children from 2 kindergartens in Beijing were recruited in the present study. Informed consents were obtained from the children's parents. Dental plaque samples of the children were collected and the Cariostat caries activity tests were conducted at baseline and once a year for 2 years. After two years, the caries status of the cohort children were re-evaluated and the caries incidences amongst children with high (2.0, 2.5, 3.0), medium (1.5) and low (1.0, 0.5, 0.0) levels of Cariostat scores were compared and analyzed. Results: Totally 864 3-year-old children from 2 kindergartens were screened before the study startedand 426 (49.3%) children were caries free. After 2-year follow-up, 312 out of 426 (73.2%) remained in the study. The overall caries incident rate was 46.5% (145/312). The caries incident rate of children with high level of Cariostat scores was 88.9% (88/99), while the caries incident rates of children with medium and low levels of Cariostat scores was 38.7% (36/93) and 17.5% (21/120), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Cariostat test in assessing the caries risk of 3-year-old caries-free children in a period of 2 years were 60.7% and 93.4%, respectively. Conclusions Cariostat caries activity test can be used as an indicator to predict the caries risk of 3-year-old caries-free children. Comprehensive caries management could be conducted for children in kindergartens based on the caries risk assessment results of caries experience and the Cariostat score.