Objective To discuss the relationship between echogenicity and fat content in renal tumor.Methods 52 renal tumors were examined with preoperative ultrasonography,all tumors were 3 cm in diameter or less.The tumor echogenicity was classified as echogenicity increasement type (including hyperechoic and slightly hyperechoic) and echogenicity decreasement type (hypoechoic).The relationship between echogenicity and adipose staining in tumor were analyzed.Results In 18 cases pathologically proved benign renal tumor,14(77.8 ％) of the tumors were hyperechoic and were angiomyolipoma(AMLs),4(22.2％) of the tumors were hypoechoic including 2 poor fat AMLs and 2 rare benign tumors,slightly hyperechoic case was not detected.In 34 cases malignant renal tumors,27(79.4％) of the tumors were slightly hyperechoic including 22 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCAs) and 5 papillary RCCAs,7 (20.6％) of the tumors were hypoechoic including 2 clear cell RCCAs,3 papillary RCCAs and 2 chromophobe RCCAs.Hyperechoic case was not detected.The adipose staining of 41 cases of echogenicity increasement type was all positive,in the 11 cases of echogenicity decreasement type,9 tumors were adipose staining negative,while the other 2 tumors were positive,and there were statistically significant between two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Echogenicity was obviously correlate with fat content in renal tumor.Tumors containing rich fat appear to be increased in echogenicity,tumors without fat content appear to be decreased in echogenicity.

Objective To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS ) in diagnosing BI-RADS 4 breast lesion.Methods The CEUS findings of 79 breast lesions of BI-RADS 4 were analyzed,and the CEUS diagnosis was made according to our preliminary study results.Histology results were served as golden reference.Results Of all the 79 breast lesions that were confirmed by histopathology results,36 were malignant and 43 were benign.The differences of morphologic features of area variety, margin,heterogeneous or homogeneous distribution between benign and malignant lesions were significant (P < 0.05 ).The area under ROC curve of correction BI-RADS classification in the diagnosis of breast cancer was 0.938,and it was significantly higher than that of the BI-RADS classification (0.889,Z =2.209, P =0.0272).Conclusions CEUS can improve the diagnostic accuracy of breast lesions preoperatively.

Objective To study the roles of abnormal expressions of Caspase-8 and protein kinase C(PKC)-β of cardiomyocytes in the development of the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte in diabetic rat. Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups:(1)normal control (NC, n=37),(2)rats given STZ injection and normal diet(STZ,n= 42), (3) rats fed with high fat and high sngar ( HFS, n= 37), (4)rats given STZ injection and high fat and high sugar diet (type 2 DM, n=64). Plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were detected. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and their hearts were examined. Pathological changes were observed and the expressions of Caspase-8, PKC-β mRNA were determined by real time-PCR method; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results (1)The body weight was higher in HFS group than in other three groups, and progressively decreased in type 2 diabetes group. The glucose level was highest in diabetic group, and was similar between groups of HFS and NC. (2)The apoptosis showed tendency to ascend during course of disease in diabetes model group. (3)The expressions of Caspase-8 and PKC-β mRNA were significantly enhanced in diabetes model group than in normal control group, and had a tendency to ascend during the course of disease.(4)The myocardial cells of the diabetic rats were rarified and swelling, fibrosis was observed. (5)At the 16th week, the level of plasma glucose was correlated positively with the expressions of Caspase-8 and PKC-β mRNA. Conclusions The enhancement of expressions of Caspase-8 amd PKC-β may play iportat rols in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy,in which apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes increased.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of injury and apoptosis of liver induced by lipid metabolic disturbance in the rats with diabetes mellitus and their correlation with the expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c)and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).Methods Experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 groups:diabetesgroup(n=64)induced by high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet plus intra-peritoneal streptozeotocin(STZ)injection,normal control(n=37)fed regular diet and receiving citric buffer solution injection,STZ group(n=42)fed regular diet and receiving STZ injection,high gluaxeard fat group(n =37)receiving citric buffer solution injection.Body weight,liver weight,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterole(TC),alanine transaminase(ALT),asparate transaminase(AST)were detected at various time intervals.The changes of liver histopathology and ultrastructure were observed by ES and Sudan Ⅲ stanings,transmission electrom microscope.The expressions of SREBP-1c and JNK mRNAs and proteins were determined by real time-PCR methods.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results The diabetic rats showed much lower body weight(P＜0.05)and higher liver weight than controls,STZ group and high-carbohydrate and fat group(P＜0.05),while showed higher levels(P＜0.05)of serum FPG,FINS,TG,TC,ALT,AST.Diabetic rats exhibited fatty degeneration of liver cells accompanied by inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis.Organelle structures were more disturbed and apoptosis was more obviou along with longer course of disease.The expressions of SREBP-1c,JNK proteins and mRNA were significantly enhanced.The rats fed high-carbohydrate and fat diet also showed similar liver lesions and enhanced SREBP-1c,J NK proteins and mRNA expressions but not as severe as in diabetes group Conclusions Insulin resistance and high blood glucose may induce diabetic hepatopathy.The high expressions of JNK and SREBP-1c may play important roles in liver lipid metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the development of cardiomyopathy complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the rats. Methods The 120 health male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 4 groups: (1)STZ-modeled diabetes, fed with high-carbohydrate plus high-fat diet (n=40);(2)fed with regular diet (n=30);(3)and (4)SD rats with citrate buffer instead of STZ injection, fed with high-carbohydrate and high fat diet (n= 25);and fed with regular diet (n= 25); At the 4th, 8 th, 12 th and 16 th week after the intra-peritoneal injection of STZ solution or citrate buffer solution, rats from each group were scarified and examined. Results There were no significant differences in body mass and blood glucose among those groups after one week of feeding (P＞0. 05).After 4 weeks of feeding before injection, the body mass, fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin sensitive index (ISI) were obviously increased in diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-fat control group as compared with STZ control group and normal control group (P＜ 0. 05). There were no significant differences between diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-fat control group,between STZ control group and normal control group (P＞0. 05). After injection, the blood glucose,body mass, ventricular mass, TG and TC were higher in diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid control group than in STZ control group and normal control group (P＜0.05). The above parameters were much higher in diabetes group than in high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid control group, but there was no difference between STZ control group and normal control group (P＜0. 05).Pathological examination showed that the weight of the heart was significantly increased, the myocardial cells were hypertrophied accompanying degenerative changes and apoptosis, the interstitial collagen fibers were hyperplasia in the diabetic rats. The ultrastructures also presented severe damage.These changes indicated that cardiomyopathy was induced in the diabetes rats. Although similar changes were found in the rats fed with high-carbohydrate plus high-fat diet, they were much less significant than those in the diabetic rats. Conclusions Cardiomyopathy developes frequently in the rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by feeding high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid diet and single intra-peritonial injection of 30 mg/kg STZ solution.

OBJECTIVEThis work investigated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modified with Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) therapy for bone regeneration in rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

METHODSForty-eight New Zealand mature white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups after the rabbit model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis was established: reconstruction plasmid modified with Runx2 (group A), plasmid without Runx2 (group B), and the same dose of saline as control (group C). At the fifth day of distraction phase, MSCs with reconstruction plasmid modified with adv-hRunx2-gfp were injected into the distraction gap of group A. MSCs with reconstruction plasmid modified with adv-gfp was injected into the distraction gap of group B, whereas group C was injected with the same dose of saline. At 8 weeks after injection, all animals were sacrificed, and the distracted mandibles were harvested. The general imaging histological observation and three-point bending test were used for evaluation.

RESULTSCT plain scan and histological analysis confirmed that the amount of new bone forming in the distraction gap of group A was significantly higher than those in groups B and C. Dual-energy X ray and three-point bending test results also showed that the bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and maximum load of the distraction gap of group A were significantly higher than those of groups B and C (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRunx2-ex vivo gene therapy based on MSCs can effectively promote the bone regeneration in rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis and shorten the stationary phase. Therefore, reconstruction of craniofacial fracture would be a valuable strategy

Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Regeneration ; physiology ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Genetic Therapy ; Mandible ; physiology ; surgery ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteogenesis ; genetics ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Plasmids ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; physiology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and complications of total hip replacement (THR) in novel femoral neck fracture,old femoral neck fracture, aseptic necrosis of femoral head and coxa degenerative osteoarthropathy. To provide instructions to surgical indications and treatment effects analysis.Methods One hundrde and four patients were divided into 4 groups by disease type: novel femoral neck fracture group (n = 32 ), old femoral neck fracture group (n = 22) ,aseptic necrosis of femoral head group (n =34) and coxa degenerative osteoarthropathy group (n = 16). These patients were followed-up for 12 - 144 months after THR, their Harris standard score and complications data, before and after operation, were analyzed retrospectively. Results After operation, the Harris standard scores were 92. 6 ± 5.8,90. 1 ± 5. 2,86. 3 ± 4. 6,81.9 ±4. 1 in novel femoral neck fracture,old femoral neck fracture,aseptic necrosis of femoral head and coxa degenerative osteoarthropathy groups respectively, which were significantly higher than the scores before operation (25.6±1.8,36.7±2.6,52.9±4.3,42. 1 ±3.8,Ps ＜0.05). Conclusion THR has good effects in the four types of diseases. Short length of stay and high healing rate are marked characteristics of THR. More attention shoud be paid to the complications of THR.

Objective:To identify the biotypes of blood culture positive Brucella in patients with acute brucellosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Xinjiang), and to learn about the clinical characteristics of these patients. Methods:Among the 30 patients diagnosed with acute brucellosis in First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University from January 2019 to July 2021, the positive strains of blood culture Brucella of 12 patients with acute brucellosis were used to identify the biotype by AMOS-PCR. Then the general and clinical data of the 12 patients were collected, including demographic characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis. Results:AMOS-PCR results showed that all 12 strains were Brucella melitensis. Among the 12 patients, 9 were males and 3 were females, all of whom had a clear history of livestock contact, and the onset time was concentrated in April to September. All 12 patients showed fever, followed by headache and dizziness (9/12), weakness (8/12), digestive symptoms (8/12), hyperhidrosis (7/12), lumbago and backache (6/12), and arthralgia (6/12). One patient was complicated with pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. One patient was complicated with pleural effusion, pelvic effusion and ascites. Only ascites occurred in 2 patients. Liver function was abnormal in 3 patients, lactate dehydrogenase increased in 6 patients, and blood creatinine decreased in 9 patients. Among the 12 patients, 10 patients were treated with rifampicin combined with doxycycline. The other 2 patients were treated with levofloxacin and doxycycline, supplemented by symptomatic treatment with hepatoprotective drugs due to impaired liver function. After discharge, the patients received out-of-hospital oral anti-infectious drugs for 1-2 courses (6 weeks each course), and all indicators returned to normal at 6 months and 12 months after discharge. Conclusions:All the 12 patients with acute brucellosis in Xinjiang are infected with Brucella melitensis. In addition to the common clinical features, patients are characterized by decreased creatinine and increased lactate dehydrogenase. The standardized anti- Brucella treatment is still the main treatment strategy.

Objective:To explore the safety and clinical value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiac intermural tumors and pericardial tumors.Methods:Seven patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous cardiac tumors needle biopsy in Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2012 to December 2019 were selected for this study. The locations and sizes of the lesions were recorded preoperatively by echocardiography and the operation time was recorded by conventional ultrasonography. The postoperative complications was followed up, and the satisfaction of pathological materials was used as the evaluation standard to comprehensively analyze the safety and clinical application value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiac tumors.Results:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy was performed successfully in all the 7 cases, 3 of them were intermural tumors and 4 of them were pericardial tumors. Except for 2 patients with diffuse pericardial space, the maximum diameter of the remaining 5 patients was (58.6±23.5)mm. Six cases were punctured from the apex of the heart, and 1 case from the left parasternal through third intercostal space toward the bottom of the heart as the needle pathway. The satisfaction of pathological material was 100%, and the time of procedure was (15.1±3.3)min. There were no postoperative complications such as bleeding, infection or arrhythmia.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is safe and feasible, which provides a simple and easy method for the biopsy of cardiac intramural tumors and pericardial tumors.

Objective:To evaluate the role of G-protein coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) in cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.Methods:SPF-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice and GPR37 knockout (GPR37-KO) mice, aged 3 months, with a body weight of approximately 20 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (Con group), neuropathic pain group (NPP group), GPR37-KO+ control group (GPR37-KO Con group) and GPR37-KO+ neuropathic pain group (GPR37-KO NPP group). The mouse model of neuropathic pain was established by ligation of the sciatic nerve. The thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured at 7 days after surgery. The open field test and Morris water maze test were performed at 28 days after surgery. The mice were subsequently sacrificed, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was obtained for determination of the level of phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(p-CAMKⅡ) and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). Results:Compared to Con group, no significant changes were found in the parameters in GPR37-KO Con group ( P>0.05), and TWL was significantly shortened, MWT was decreased, the time the animal spent in central area was prolonged and the platform-crossing times were increased in the open field test, and the escape latency was prolonged and platform-crossing times were decreased in the Morris water maze test, and the expression of p-CAMKⅡ, BDNF and PSD-95 in the mPFC was down-regulated in NPP group ( P<0.05). Compared with NPP group, TWL was significantly shortened, MWT was decreased, the time the animal spent in central area was prolonged and the platform-crossing times were increased in the open field test, and the escape latency was prolonged and platform-crossing times were decreased in the Morris water maze test, and the expression of p-CAMKⅡ, BDNF and PSD-95 in the mPFC was down-regulated in GPR37-KO NPP group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:GPR37 is involved in the development of cognitive dysfunction in mice with neuropathic pain, and the mechanism may be related to its modulation of synaptic plasticity.