Objective To investigate the expression patterns of Gli1,Gli2 and Gli3 genes and proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissue and their correlation with prognosis.Methods Gli gene expression in 315 HCC samples were analyzed using the cBioportal database,and Gli protein expression was examined in 40 HCC and other liver tissue samples through immunohistochemistry.Results Gli gene alterations were found in 57 cases(18.1%)of HCC samples,with alteration frequencies of 19 cases(6.0%),13 cases(4.1%)and 25 cases(7.9%)for Gli1,Gli2 and Gli3,respectively.Gli1 showed significant co-occurrence with both Gli2 and Gli3(P＜0.05),while Gli2 and Gli3 exhibited a tendency toward mutual exclusivity.Increased Gli1 gene expression significantly correlated with decreased disease-free survival(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that Gli1 protein expression was significantly higher in HCC tissue than that in normal liver tissue,adjacent tissue,hepatitis and cirrhotic tissue(P＜0.05).In HCC tissue,strong positive correlation was observed between the three Gli proteins(Gli1 vs.Gli2:rs=0.796;Gli1 vs.Gli3:rs=0.759;Gli2 vs.Gli3:rs=0.891,all P＜0.01).High expression levels of all three Gli proteins were detected in 53.3%(8/15)of HCC samples,compared to only 11.8%(2/17)in non-cancerous liver tissue.Conclusion Gli1,Gli2 and Gli3 proteins commonly exhibit synergistic high expression and significant positive correlation in HCC tissue,with Gli1 showing a special expression pattern of independent high expression.

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Objective Under the operation background of Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP),whether there is interaction between reducing medical cost and average length of stay combined with pre-hospitalization mode,and whether there is difference between different departments and diseases in interaction.Methods Based on real-world data from 71 453 patients admitted to Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from July to December 2021,a two-way analysis of variance was employed.When the interaction effect was statistically significant,parameter estimation was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the interaction effect,followed by subgroup analyses by department and disease.Results Without adjustment,both total medical costs and average length of stay exhibited a negative interaction effect(P＜0.05).Subgroup analyses revealed that in terms of total medical costs,the effect size for the surgical system was 0.18％,lower than that for the internal medicine system(0.70％);for core diseases,it was 6.62％,lower than that for comprehensive diseases(7.71％).Regarding average length of stay,the effect size for the surgical system was 0.55％,better than that for the internal medicine system(0.22％);for core diseases,it was 8.70％,higher than that for comprehensive diseases(2.90％).Conclusion The combination of DIP payment reform and pre-admission management model demonstrates a synergistic effect,effectively reducing patients' medical costs and length of stay.This effect is influenced by disease complexity and the standardization of diagnostic and treatment processes.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance(PDR)and molecular transmission networks in Yubei District,Chongqing,providing evidence for targeted interventions.Methods Using a cross-sectional design,plasma samples were collected from HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy(ART)in Yubei District from January 2022 to December 2023.Pol gene fragments were extracted and amplified for HIV-1 genotyping and drug resistance analysis.Molecular transmission networks were constructed based on genetic distance calculations.Results Among 478 HIV-1 pol sequences,eight geno-types were identified:with CRF07_BC(60.4%,289/478),CRF08_BC(15.5%,74/478),CRF01_AE(11.7%,56/478),and CRF85_BC(5.9%,28/478).The overall PDR rate was 6.3%(30/478),with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs)and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs)at 1.7%(8/478)and 5.2%(25/478),respectively.No protease inhibitor(PI)resistance was de-tected.The molecular network included 177 cases(37.0%network entry rate),forming 53 clusters with 198 connections.Cluster sizes ranged from 2 to 17 nodes,and 75.3%(149/198)of connections were associated with five subdistricts/towns:Shuanglonghu Street,Huixing Street,Luoqi Town,Gulu Town,and Baoshenghu Street.Conclusion HIV-1 genotypes in Yubei District exhibit diversity and complexity,with moderate PDR prevalence.Regional clustering of transmission networks suggests the need for enhanced molecular surveil-lance and targeted interventions based on analytical findings.

Objective Under the operation background of Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP),whether there is interaction between reducing medical cost and average length of stay combined with pre-hospitalization mode,and whether there is difference between different departments and diseases in interaction.Methods Based on real-world data from 71 453 patients admitted to Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from July to December 2021,a two-way analysis of variance was employed.When the interaction effect was statistically significant,parameter estimation was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the interaction effect,followed by subgroup analyses by department and disease.Results Without adjustment,both total medical costs and average length of stay exhibited a negative interaction effect(P＜0.05).Subgroup analyses revealed that in terms of total medical costs,the effect size for the surgical system was 0.18％,lower than that for the internal medicine system(0.70％);for core diseases,it was 6.62％,lower than that for comprehensive diseases(7.71％).Regarding average length of stay,the effect size for the surgical system was 0.55％,better than that for the internal medicine system(0.22％);for core diseases,it was 8.70％,higher than that for comprehensive diseases(2.90％).Conclusion The combination of DIP payment reform and pre-admission management model demonstrates a synergistic effect,effectively reducing patients' medical costs and length of stay.This effect is influenced by disease complexity and the standardization of diagnostic and treatment processes.

Objective To investigate the expression patterns of Gli1,Gli2 and Gli3 genes and proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissue and their correlation with prognosis.Methods Gli gene expression in 315 HCC samples were analyzed using the cBioportal database,and Gli protein expression was examined in 40 HCC and other liver tissue samples through immunohistochemistry.Results Gli gene alterations were found in 57 cases(18.1%)of HCC samples,with alteration frequencies of 19 cases(6.0%),13 cases(4.1%)and 25 cases(7.9%)for Gli1,Gli2 and Gli3,respectively.Gli1 showed significant co-occurrence with both Gli2 and Gli3(P＜0.05),while Gli2 and Gli3 exhibited a tendency toward mutual exclusivity.Increased Gli1 gene expression significantly correlated with decreased disease-free survival(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that Gli1 protein expression was significantly higher in HCC tissue than that in normal liver tissue,adjacent tissue,hepatitis and cirrhotic tissue(P＜0.05).In HCC tissue,strong positive correlation was observed between the three Gli proteins(Gli1 vs.Gli2:rs=0.796;Gli1 vs.Gli3:rs=0.759;Gli2 vs.Gli3:rs=0.891,all P＜0.01).High expression levels of all three Gli proteins were detected in 53.3%(8/15)of HCC samples,compared to only 11.8%(2/17)in non-cancerous liver tissue.Conclusion Gli1,Gli2 and Gli3 proteins commonly exhibit synergistic high expression and significant positive correlation in HCC tissue,with Gli1 showing a special expression pattern of independent high expression.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.

Objective:To evaluate the role of G-protein coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) in cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.Methods:SPF-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice and GPR37 knockout (GPR37-KO) mice, aged 3 months, with a body weight of approximately 20 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (Con group), neuropathic pain group (NPP group), GPR37-KO+ control group (GPR37-KO Con group) and GPR37-KO+ neuropathic pain group (GPR37-KO NPP group). The mouse model of neuropathic pain was established by ligation of the sciatic nerve. The thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured at 7 days after surgery. The open field test and Morris water maze test were performed at 28 days after surgery. The mice were subsequently sacrificed, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was obtained for determination of the level of phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(p-CAMKⅡ) and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). Results:Compared to Con group, no significant changes were found in the parameters in GPR37-KO Con group ( P>0.05), and TWL was significantly shortened, MWT was decreased, the time the animal spent in central area was prolonged and the platform-crossing times were increased in the open field test, and the escape latency was prolonged and platform-crossing times were decreased in the Morris water maze test, and the expression of p-CAMKⅡ, BDNF and PSD-95 in the mPFC was down-regulated in NPP group ( P<0.05). Compared with NPP group, TWL was significantly shortened, MWT was decreased, the time the animal spent in central area was prolonged and the platform-crossing times were increased in the open field test, and the escape latency was prolonged and platform-crossing times were decreased in the Morris water maze test, and the expression of p-CAMKⅡ, BDNF and PSD-95 in the mPFC was down-regulated in GPR37-KO NPP group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:GPR37 is involved in the development of cognitive dysfunction in mice with neuropathic pain, and the mechanism may be related to its modulation of synaptic plasticity.

Objective:To compare the setup errors in the supraclavicular regions of two different postures (arms placed on each side of the body, namely the body side group; arms crossed and elbows placed above forehead, namely the uplifted group) using the chest and abdomen flat frame fixation device in lung and esophageal cancer.Methods:Clinical data of patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅳ lung or esophageal cancer who received three-dimensional radiotherapy with chest and abdomen flat frame fixation device in our institution from November 2020 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The setup errors of two postures were compared.Results:A total of 56 patients were included, including 31 patients (55%) in the body side group and 25 patients (45%) in the uplifted group. A total of 424 CBCTs were performed in the whole group. The overall setup errors in the X, Y and Z directions were similar in both groups ( P>0.05). The setup errors of sternoclavicular joint in the X and RZ directions in the body side group were significantly smaller than those in the uplifted group [(0.163±0.120) cm vs. (0.209 ±0.152) cm, P=0.033; 0.715°±0.628° vs. 0.910°±0.753°, P=0.011]. The setup errors of acromioclavicular joint in the Y, Z and RZ directions in the body side group were significantly smaller than those in the uplifted group [(0.233±0.135) cm vs. (0.284±0.193) cm, P=0.033; (0.202±0.140) cm vs. (0.252±0.173) cm, P=0.005; 0.671°±0.639° vs. 0.885°±0.822°, P=0.023]. The margins of target volume for setup errors were smaller in the X (0.45 cm vs. 0.54 cm) and Y (0.54 cm vs. 0.65 cm) directions of the sternoclavicular joint, as well as in the Y (0.59 cm vs. 0.78 cm) and Z directions (0.53 cm vs. 0.72 cm) of the acromioclavicular joint in the body side group. Conclusions:For lung and esophageal cancer patients requiring supraclavicular irradiation, the body side group yields smaller setup errors and corresponding margins of target volume than the uplifted group. In clinical practice, it is necessary to take comprehensive consideration of the accuracy of radiotherapy and additional radiation of the limbs to select appropriate posture.

Objective:To identify the biotypes of blood culture positive Brucella in patients with acute brucellosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Xinjiang), and to learn about the clinical characteristics of these patients. Methods:Among the 30 patients diagnosed with acute brucellosis in First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University from January 2019 to July 2021, the positive strains of blood culture Brucella of 12 patients with acute brucellosis were used to identify the biotype by AMOS-PCR. Then the general and clinical data of the 12 patients were collected, including demographic characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis. Results:AMOS-PCR results showed that all 12 strains were Brucella melitensis. Among the 12 patients, 9 were males and 3 were females, all of whom had a clear history of livestock contact, and the onset time was concentrated in April to September. All 12 patients showed fever, followed by headache and dizziness (9/12), weakness (8/12), digestive symptoms (8/12), hyperhidrosis (7/12), lumbago and backache (6/12), and arthralgia (6/12). One patient was complicated with pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. One patient was complicated with pleural effusion, pelvic effusion and ascites. Only ascites occurred in 2 patients. Liver function was abnormal in 3 patients, lactate dehydrogenase increased in 6 patients, and blood creatinine decreased in 9 patients. Among the 12 patients, 10 patients were treated with rifampicin combined with doxycycline. The other 2 patients were treated with levofloxacin and doxycycline, supplemented by symptomatic treatment with hepatoprotective drugs due to impaired liver function. After discharge, the patients received out-of-hospital oral anti-infectious drugs for 1-2 courses (6 weeks each course), and all indicators returned to normal at 6 months and 12 months after discharge. Conclusions:All the 12 patients with acute brucellosis in Xinjiang are infected with Brucella melitensis. In addition to the common clinical features, patients are characterized by decreased creatinine and increased lactate dehydrogenase. The standardized anti- Brucella treatment is still the main treatment strategy.