AIM To study the chemical constituents from Sonchus oleraceus L..METHODS The 50％ ethanol fraction of 70％ ethanol extract from S.oleraceus was isolated and purfieid by macroporous resin,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and RP-HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as isololiolide (1),bluemenol A (2),5-methoxyisolariciresinol (3),lyoniresinol (4),syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside (5),robinin (6),loliolide (7),dehydrovomifoliol (8),5-(1 '-hydroxyethyl)-methyl nicotinate (9),2-methoxy-1,4-benzenediol (10),4-methoxyphenol (11).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9 are isolated from genus Sonchus for the first time.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and complications of total hip replacement (THR) in novel femoral neck fracture,old femoral neck fracture, aseptic necrosis of femoral head and coxa degenerative osteoarthropathy. To provide instructions to surgical indications and treatment effects analysis.Methods One hundrde and four patients were divided into 4 groups by disease type: novel femoral neck fracture group (n = 32 ), old femoral neck fracture group (n = 22) ,aseptic necrosis of femoral head group (n =34) and coxa degenerative osteoarthropathy group (n = 16). These patients were followed-up for 12 - 144 months after THR, their Harris standard score and complications data, before and after operation, were analyzed retrospectively. Results After operation, the Harris standard scores were 92. 6 ± 5.8,90. 1 ± 5. 2,86. 3 ± 4. 6,81.9 ±4. 1 in novel femoral neck fracture,old femoral neck fracture,aseptic necrosis of femoral head and coxa degenerative osteoarthropathy groups respectively, which were significantly higher than the scores before operation (25.6±1.8,36.7±2.6,52.9±4.3,42. 1 ±3.8,Ps ＜0.05). Conclusion THR has good effects in the four types of diseases. Short length of stay and high healing rate are marked characteristics of THR. More attention shoud be paid to the complications of THR.

Objective To investigate the role of Th17/Treg balance in immune mechanism in severe exacerbation of hepatitis B.Methods The clinical data of 41 patients with chronic hepatitis B were collected,and according to the conditions during hospitalization,these patients were divided into exacerbation group (19 patients) and improvement group (22 patients).On admission,at weeks 1 and 2 of treatment,and at the end of treatment,flow cytometry was used to measure the frequencies of Th 17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the serum levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17),interleukin-10 (IL-10),and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).The dynamic changes in the frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells were compared between the two groups,and the correlation between clinical indices for hepatitis and cytokines was analyzed.The t-test was used for comparison between groups,a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison within one group across different time points,and Pearson correlation analysis was performed.Results With disease progression,the exacerbation group showed an increase in the frequency of Th 17 cells and a relatively low frequency of Treg cells;compared with the improvement group,the exacerbation group had a higher frequency of Th 17 cells and a lower frequency of Treg cells.Th1 7/Treg ratio gradually increased with exacerbation and decreased with improvement in conditions;in the exacerbation group and the improvement group,Th17/Treg ratio was positively correlated with total bilirubin and negatively correlated with prothrombin activity.In the exacerbation group and the improvement group,Th 17 cells were positively correlated with IL-17,and Treg cells were positively correlated with IL-10 and TGF-β.Conclusion Th1 7 and Treg cells play important roles in severe exacerbation of hepatitis B,and Th1 7/Treg ratio may be used as an immunobiological marker for the judgment of severity during severe exacerbation of hepatitis B.

Objective To investigate the morphological changes in the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and the relationship between jaw movement and airway changes using CBCT.Methods This study involved 44 individuals(21 males and 23 females)receiving Class Ⅲ bimaxillary surgery.Preoperative and 3-6-month postoperative CBCT data were examined using Dophin3D 11.95 software.The alterations before and after upper airway surgery were analysed using paired t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test.The association between airway alterations and jaw movement was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results Patients who underwent Class Ⅲ bimaxillary surgery had significantly reduced upper airway volume,sagittal cross-sectional area,and minimum cross-sectional area(P＜0.01).A correlation exists between oropharyngeal volume change and point B change(P＜0.05).When B point recession was＞7 mm,the decrease in upper airway volume increased significantly(P＜0.01),as did the risk of minimum cross-sectional area of the patient's airway(P＜0.01).Conclusion ClassⅢbimaxillary surgery re-duces upper airway capacity.Postoperative reduction in upper airway capacity coincides with mandibular recession.Mandibular reces-sion(＞7 mm)may reduce postoperative upper airway capacity and increase the risk of OSAHS.Patients at risk of upper airway stenosis should have their protocol modified to reduce airway risk.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.