Objective To investigate the association between interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene rs1343151 single nucleotide polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Chinese Han patients. Methods The genotypes of IL-23R SNP was detected in 104 Chinese AS patients and 95 ethnically matched blood donors by TaqMan probe assays. The allele and genotype frequencies and risk factors of AS were analyzed by Chi-square test in both groups. Results The rs 1343151 genotypes in AS patients consisted of homozygote C/C (90.4%),C/T (9.6%), while The rs1343151 genotypes in the controls were. composed of C/C (91.6%), C/T (8.4%). No significant difference was found in the distribution of rs1343151 genotypes between these two groups (x2=0.086, P>0.05). The frequency of rs1343151 allele in AS patients was also not significantly increased when compared with the control group (x2 =0.082,P>0.05). Conclusion There may be no association between the IL-23R gene rs1343151 SNP and ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Hart population.