Objective To explore the effect of Levetiracetam on Electrocorticogram of epileptic rats induced by lithium-Pilocarpine.Methods Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into two groups(8 rats in each group),normal saline group and Levetiracetam group.After epileptic model was induced by lithium-Pilocarpine,lateral ventricle was administered with Levetiraeetam and saline by the same volume.The change of frequency of epileptic discharge and different brainwave proportion distribution was observed.Results Compared with normal saline group,the epileptic discharge were significantly decreased(P＜0.01)and the proportion of δ wave was enhanced,meanwhile β wave was decreased in Levetiraeetam group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Levetiracetam has the role of anti-epilepsy in acute model of epileptic rats induced by lithium-Pilocarpine.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of topiramate in treatment of epilepsy METHODS:15 patients with refractory epilepsy treated with topiramate as additive drug and 61 newly-diagnosed epileptic patients with topiramate as monotherapeutic agent entered the open-label trial and were followed-up RESULTS:Among 15 patients with refractory epilepsy, the frequency of seizure decreased by 50% or greater in 10 cases with an effective rate of 66 7%, and 2 patients were free from seizure;among 61 newly-diagnosed cases, the frequency of seizure reduced by 50% or more in 45 cases(73 8%), and 16 cases were free from seizure(26 2%) The ARDs were lower in incidence and mild in severity CONCLUSION:Topiramate was safe and effective as additive or monotherapeutic agent for multiple types of seizure

OBJECTIVE:To explore the changes of serum phenytoin levels and its pharmacokinetics in menstrual epilepsy.METHODS:9cases of menstrual epilepsy patients who were treated with phenytoin were collected,whose blood concentra?tions of phenytoin in menstrual period and ovulation period were respectively determined by HPLC,pharmacokinetics study was performed in three of them.RESULTS:The mean serum phenytoin levels in menstrual period and ovulation period were(9.25?2.71)?g/ml and(13.33?3.22)?g/ml,respectively(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)gene and the level of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDF) in patients with type 2 diabe- tes(T2DM).Methods The polymorphisms of PAI-1(4G/5G)gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and the EDF was assessed by non-invasive hish resolution B-mode ultrasonography in 66 T2DM patients and 33 controls.Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1(PAI-1)and fibrinogen(Fg)were measured.Results Frequencies of PAI-1 alleles and genotypes in T2DM patients and controls were all in accordance with the Hardy Weinberge quilibrium,without significant differences between T2DM patients and controls(P>0.05).PAI-1 and Fg were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in controls.There were significant differences in EDF and PAI- lamong different genotypes of PAI-1(P<0.05).Conclusion The PAI-1 genotype may affect EDF in T2DM pa- tients.

Objective To discuss clinical,electroencephalogram(EEG) and PRRT2 gene mutation by reporting a febrile seizure (FS) with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) family.Methods Detailed clinical data of the family were collected.The proband (Ⅳ1) and another 4 patients (Ⅲ1,Ⅲ4,Ⅳ2,Ⅳ3)were studied through clinical examinations.Clinical symptoms of Ⅳ2 were not typical,who was diagnosed as a suspected case.Mutation analysis of PRRT2 gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA direct sequencing in 5 patients (Ⅳ1,Ⅲ1,Ⅲ4,Ⅳ2,Ⅳ3) and 4 unaffected family members (Ⅱ2,Ⅲ2,Ⅲ5,Ⅳ4).Results PKD patients had brief involuntary movements in the limbs or trunk induced by sudden voluntary movement when patients were in the stationary state since the teenagers.Two cases (Ⅲ,Ⅲ4) were accompanied by FS.Three cases(Ⅳ1,Ⅲ1 and Ⅲ4)had abnormal EEG records.The PRRT2 gene mutation (c.649dupC mutation) was identified in a healthy member (Ⅳ4) and 4 patients (Ⅳ1,Ⅲ1,Ⅲ4,Ⅳ3).Conclusions FS with PKD family has a PRRT2 gene mutation.The diagnosis is mainly based on family history,typical clinical manifestations and genetic test.This kind of disease may have pre-symptomatic patients.

Objective To investigate the morbidity, diagnostic profile and perinatal outcome of pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) in 15 hospitals in Guangdong province. Methods A total of 41338 women delivered in the 15 hospitals during the 6 months,195 women with PGDM(PGDM group) and 195 women with normal glucose test result(control group)were recruited from these tertiary hospitals in Guangdong province from January 2016 to June 2016. The morbidity and diagnostic profile of PGDM were analyzed. The complications during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. In the PGDM group, pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in women who used insulin treatment (n=91) and women who did not (n=104). Results (1)The incidence of PGDM was 0.472%(195/41338). Diabetes mellitus were diagnosed in 59 women (30.3%, 59/195) before pregnancy, and 136 women (69.7%,136/195) were diagnosed as PGDM after conceptions. Forty-six women (33.8%) were diagnosed by fasting glucose and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) screening. (2) The maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), prenatal BMI, percentage of family history of diabetes, incidence of macrosomia, concentration of low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in PGDM group than those in control group (all P<0.05). Women in PGDM group had significantly higher HbA1c concentration((6.3±1.3)% vs (5.2±0.4)%), fasting glucose [(6.3±2.3) vs (4.8±1.1) mmol/L], oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)-1 h glucose((12.6±2.9) vs (7.1± 1.3) mmol/L)and OGTT-2 h glucose [(12.0±3.0) vs (6.4±1.0) mmol/L] than those in control group (P<0.01). (3)The morbidity of preterm births was significantly higher (11.3% vs 1.0%, P<0.01), and the gestational age at delivery in PGDM group was significantly smaller [(37.6±2.3) vs (39.2±1.2) weeks, P<0.01]. Cesarean delivery rate in the PGDM group (70.8% vs 29.7%) was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). There was significantly difference between PGDM group and control in the neonatal male/female ratio (98/97 vs 111/84, P=0.033). The neonatal birth weight in PGDM group was significantly higher((3159±700) vs (3451±423) g, P<0.01). And the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the PGDM group was higher than the control group (7.7% vs 2.6%, P=0.036).(4)In the PGDM group, women who were treated with insulin had a smaller gestational age at delivery [(36.9±2.9) vs (37.9±2.5) weeks, P<0.01], and the neonates had a higher neonatal ICU(NICU)admission rate (24.2% vs 9.6% , P<0.01). Conclusions The morbidity of PGDM in the 15 hospitals in Guangdong province is 0.472%. The majority of PGDM was diagnosed during pregnancy; HbA1c and fasting glucose are reliable parameters for PGDM screening. Women with PGDM have obvious family history of diabetes and repeated pregnancy may accelerate the process of diabetes mellitus. Women with PGDM have higher risk for preterm delivery and neonatal hypoglycemia. Unsatisfied glucose control followed by insulin treatment may increase the need for NICU admission.