Objective: To investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of ultrapercutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with ureteroscopy in the treatment of severe urete. Methods: Thirty-six patients (20 males, 16 female) with ureteral obstruction underwent super-mini percutaneous nephroscope combined with flexible ureteroscope balloon dilation of 36 patients, 18 ureteral strictures occurred secondary to ureteroscope lithotripsy, 12 secondary to laparooscopic ureterolithotomy, 6 secondary to ureteral end to end anastomosis and one secondary to bladder ureter reimplantation. Results: All of the surgeries were successful. Mean operation time was 60 min, the hospital stay was 2 to 7 days, and mean bleeding volume was 43 ml. No patients suffered fever, abdominal distention and lumbar distention. All cases were followed up for 12 months. Twenty cases were cured, 10 cases performed better, and 6 cases developed re-stenosis. Treatment efficacy was around 83.3%(30/36). Conclusions Super-mini percutaneous nephroscope combined with flexible ureteroscope balloon dilation has the advantages of less bleeding, less trauma, shorter hospital stay, and remarkable curative effect, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Gastric carcinoma is a heterogeneous malignant disease involving genetic factors.To identify predictive markers for gastric cancer treatment in Chinese patients,we evaluated the association between polymorphisms of the gene encoding cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and outcomes of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) chemotherapy treatment.Clinical data on 60 consecutive gastric cancer patients receiving SOX regimen were collected prospectively.We sequenced all exons of CYP2A6 and a total of 22 different polymorphisms were detected in the present study.Comprehensive analyses of these genetic polymorphisms were performed to determine their association with both safety and efficacy of SOX regimen.Our results showed that polymorphisms of CYP2A6 were associated with the safety and efficacy of SOX treatment.Among them,missense mutations CYP2A6 rs60823196 and rs138978736 could be possible risk factors (P ＜ 0.05) for severe diarrhea induced by SOX,whereas CYP2A6 rs138978736 could be a conceivable predictor for overall survival of patients treated with SOX adjuvant chemotherapy.Further large-scale randomized prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Genome reannotation aims for complete and accurate characterization of gene models and thus is of critical significance for in-depth exploration of gene function. Although the availability of massive RNA-seq data provides great opportunities for gene model refinement, few efforts have been made to adopt these precious data in rice genome reannotation. Here we reannotate the rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) genome based on integration of large-scale RNA-seq data and release a new annotation system IC4R-2.0. In general, IC4R-2.0 significantly improves the completeness of gene structure, identifies a number of novel genes, and integrates a variety of functional annota-tions. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are system-atically characterized in the rice genome. Performance evaluation shows that compared to previous annotation systems, IC4R-2.0 achieves higher integrity and quality, primarily attributable to mas-sive RNA-seq data applied in genome annotation. Consequently, we incorporate the improvedannotations into the Information Commons for Rice (IC4R), a database integrating multiple omics data of rice, and accordingly update IC4R by providing more user-friendly web interfaces and implementing a series of practical online tools. Together, the updated IC4R, which is equipped with the improved annotations, bears great promise for comparative and functional genomic studies in rice and other monocotyledonous species. The IC4R-2.0 annotation system and related resources are freely accessible at http://ic4r.org/.