Objective To compare the clinical effect of PMMA bone cement augmented screw passageway and bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw in treatment of degenerative lumbar disease with osteoporosis. Methods Forty-eight patients with lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis from June 2012 to March 2014 were selected, including 21 males and 27 females with an average age of 64.5 years ( ranged 54 -78 years).There were 17 cases of lumbar degenerative stenosis,18 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, 8 cases of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis,and 5 cases of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.According to the opera-tion method,the patients were divided into two groups.23 cases in group A were treated with bone cement injectable cannulated pedicle screw and 25 cases in group B were treated with PMMA bone cement augmented screw passageway by used conventional screw.Operation time, amount of bleeding and hospitalization time were used to evaluate the clinical characteristics.Visual analogue scale( VAS) score and Oswestry disability index( ODI) were used to evaluate function recovery of post-operative pain and function.The height of intervertebral space,failure rate of internal fixa-tion and bone fusion rate were analyzed by X-ray films postoperative1,3,6,12 months and per year.Results All 48 cases were followed up for 1 -3.5 years.Operation time,amount of bleeding and the time of hospitalization of group A were significantly lower than those in group B(all P<0.05).The fusion rates of group A and group B were 94.6%and 90.2%,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).One case of group A had screw fracture,but group B did not appear this kind of situation(P<0.05).Three cases of group B had screw loosening or pullout,but that did not happen in group A.The loss of intervertebral height was (2.7 ±1.7) mm in group A,which in group B was (3.7 ±2.1) mm,there was significant difference between the two groups( P<0.05).According to VAS score and ODI,pain and function in both two groups were improved,but the effect of group A was better than group B(all P<0.05).Conclusion Bone cement-augmentation bone cementinje-ctable cannu-lated pedicle screw may be a safe and effective method in treatment of degenerative lumbar disease with osteoporosis.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a powerful angiogeuetic factor. In recent years, it has been found that it has a powerful capacity to promote nerve regeneration, and has potential value in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Newborn endothelial celts can form "vascular niche", and promote neurogenesis by releasing an array of neurotrophic factors. Also, newborn neuronal cells can enhance angiogenesis. There is a "cross-talk" between angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and VEGF plays a very important intermediary role in it. This article reviews the studies of VEGF in promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum ghrelin levels and nutrition state in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) ,as well as to explore the role of ghxelin in the nutri-tion metabolism. Methods Fifty-three COPD patients were observed, thirty-one of them were with malnutrition (group A), twenty-two COPD patients with normal nutrition status(group B), and twenty were healthy controls.Serum ghrelin, and nutritional parameters such as body mass index(BMI), ideal body weitht( % IBW), mid-upper arm cricumference(MAC), serum albumin(ALB), total lymphocyte counts(LYM) were determined. The correlation between ghrelin and nutritional parameters was analysed. Resuits The level of serum ghrelin in group A were sig-nificantly higher than those in group B and in healthy controls. And the serum ghrelin showed a negative correlation with BMI, % IBW, MAC, but there was no correlation between serum ghrelin level, ALB and LYM. Conclusion Ghrelin participated in the nutrition metabolism in patients with COPD, it would become much higher because of malnutrition in COPD.

Objective: To establish comprehensive laboratory reference intervals for Chinese children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study. From June 2013 to December 2014, eligible healthy children aged from 6-month to 17-year were enrolled from 20 medical centers with informed consent. They were assessed by physical examination, questionnaire survey and abdominal ultrasound for eligibility. Fasting blood samples were collected and delivered to central laboratory. Measurements of 15 clinical laboratory parameters were performed, including estradiol (E2), testosterone(T), luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), alanine transaminase(ALT), serum creatinine(Scr), cystatin C, immunoglobulin A(IgA), immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM), complement (C3, C4), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), uric acid(UA) and creatine kinase(CK). Reference intervals were established according to central 95% confidence intervals for reference population, stratified by age and sex. Results: In total, 2 259 children were enrolled. Finally, 1 648 children were eligible for this study, including 830 boys and 818 girls, at a mean age of 7.4 years. Age- and sex- specific reference intervals have been established for the parameters. Reference intervals of sex hormones increased gradually with age. Concentrations of ALT, cystatin C, ALP and CK were higher in children under 2 years old. Serum levels of sex hormones, creatinine, immunoglobin, CK, ALP and urea increased rapidly in adolescence, with significant sex difference. In addition, reference intervals were variable depending on assay methods. Concentrations of ALT detected by reagents with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP) were higher than those detected by reagents without PLP. Compared with enzymatic method, Jaffe assay always got higher results of serum creatinine, especially in children younger than 9 years old. Conclusion This study established age- and sex- specific reference intervals, for 15 clinical laboratory parameters based on defined healthy children.