Falls occur primarily in elderly individuals, with an annual incidence of about 20.8% in this population group in China, and have become the first cause of injury-related deaths in people aged 65 years and over.Balance ability is an important ability for the elderly to maintain body posture.Good balance ability helps to prevent falls in the elderly.Therefore, it is necessary to understand the factors involved in sensory input, central integration and motor output that affect the balance ability of the elderly and the underlying mechanisms for medical professionals be more knowledgeable about the role played by balance ability in falls of the elderly and timely and targeted intervention, thus effectively reducing the risk and incidence of falls in the elderly.

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) frequently manifest following ankle joint trauma, causing ankle pain, swelling and impaired mobility, thereby significantly impeding daily activities of the patients. Presently, clinical treatment approaches encompass both conservative management and surgical intervention. Conservative management endeavors to alleviate symptoms, while patients experiencing persistent symptoms resort to surgical intervention. Commonly employed surgical treatments encompass bone marrow stimulation, autologous osteochondral transplantation, and allogeneic osteochondral transplantation. Bone marrow stimulation is employed as a therapeutic approach for the management of smaller OLT, demonstrating favorable short-term effectiveness; however, the long-term prognosis remains uncertain. Autologous osteochondral transplantation is a viable option for larger OLT lesions, albeit it carries the potential of complications at the donor site. Conversely, allogenic osteochondral transplantation exhibits a diminished success rate. In recent times, the utilization of cell transplantation techniques has garnered escalating interest in the treatment of OLT due to their capacity to regenerate cartilage resembling hyaline and their diverse range of cellular origins. The authors reviewed the progress of cell transplantation in the treatment of OLT, providing a reference for the clinical treatment.