Interleukin-32 is a newly descovered cytokine. In vivo and in vitro studies show that it inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of colon cancer and melanoma by inhibiting NF-κB and signaling and transcription activated factor 3 pathways.In addition,IL-32 suppresses tumor growth in different ways in chronic myelogenous leukemia,sarcoma and prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a HPLC method for assaying strychnine and brucine in traditional Chinese drug Maqianzi San. METHODS: With μBondapak C18 (10 μm) column (4 mm×300 mm), MeOH-H2O-HAc-(C2H5)3N(70∶230∶2.4∶0.3) as mobile phase, we set a detector at 254 nm. RESULTS: Linear range of strychnine and brucine was 0.367 2 μg～0.061 2 μg and 0.945 0 μg～0.157 5 μg respectively. The recovery rate of strychnine and brucine was 100.36% (RSD=1.09%) and 100.01% (RSD=1.46%) respectively. CONCLUSION: This method provides a simple and feasible way to control the quality of Maqianzi San.

Objective To analyze the rules of acupoint selection in treating knee osteoarthritis with acupuncture and moxibustion therapy based on data mining; To provide references for clinical treatment.MethodsArticles about treating knee osteoarthritis with acupuncture and moxibustion were retrived from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang academic periodical full-text database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database (VIP) and SinoMed in China from Jan. 1st 2006 to Jan. 1st 2016. The database of acupuncture and moxibustion prescription was set up. The Apriori association rules, system cluster analysis and factor analysis were adopted in order to analyze the rules of acupoint selection for knee osteoarthritis.ResultsTotally 190 articles were included, covering 228 acupuncture- moxibustion prescriptions, 65 acupoints and the total frequency for 1736 times. The usual acupoints in the lower limbs were Dubi (ST35), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), and Yanglingquan (GB34). The main maridians were Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming, Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin, and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang, accounting to for 1626 times (93.66%). Cluster analysis achieved other four groups of acupoint selection based on syndrome differentiation.ConclusionLocal acupoints and dialectical point selection were important principle in treating knee osteoarthritis combined with acupoint selection based on syndrome differentiation.

[Objective]To explore the effects of the model establishment methods on energy metabolism indicators of model rats.[Methods] Set up normal group,model group(high fat diet + high temperature and high humidity + colon bacillus),contrary group (routine diet + high temperature and high humidity + colon bacillus),the activity of liver mitochondria Na+-K+-ATPase was detected by principle of determines the content of phosphorus.[Results] The Na+-K+-ATPase active inmodel group was remarkably decreased,and had no significantly difference from contrary group.[Conclusion]The liver mitochondria Na+-K+-ATPase being remarkably decreased is one of pathological basis of damp-heat model,un-related with high fat diet.

Objective To investigate the effect of chloroform extract of Zingiber mioga Roscoe on human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HDMEC) expression of cell adhesion molecules and adhesivity to lymphocytes.Methods HDMECs were isolated from human foreskin tissue and subjected to subculture.After several passages,some HDMECs were treated with chloroform extract from Zingiber mioga Roscoe (CFMG) of 200 mg/L for 30 minutes before or after 24-hour stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin (IL)-1α.Subsequently,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin on HDMECs.Both T lymphocytes isolated from venous blood of healthy adults and Ramos Burkitt's lymphoma B cells were labelled with chromium-51 and incubated with the HDMECs for four hours followed by the determination of radiation intensity of lymphocytes adhering to HDMECs using a gamma-counter.Results Compared with 0.2％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),CFMG slightly down-regulated the expression of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and E-selectin on resting HDMECs (all P ＞ 0.05).In comparison with culture medium,TNF-α enhanced the expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and E-selectin significantly (all P ＜ 0.01),and IL-1α elevated the expressions of ICAM-1 and E-selectin markedly(both P ＜ 0.01) as well as the expression of VCAM-1 slightly (P ＞ 0.05).The upregulating effects of TNF-α and IL-1α on the expressions of adhesion molecules were notably suppressed by the CFMG treatment prior to the stimulation with TNF-α and IL-1α(all P ＜ 0.01),but not affected by that after the stimulation (all P ＞ 0.05).The adhesivity of HDMECs to T lymphocytes and Ramos cells was slightly decreased by CFMG treatment compared with 0.2％ DMSO (both P ＞ 0.05),but was markedly increased by TNF-α and IL-1α compared with the culture medium (both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions CFMG may play an antiinflammatory role via blocking the up-regulating effect of pre-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1α on the expression of adherence molecules on HDMECs and,hence,inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration in tissue.

The isolated vessel elements from the xylem in Chinese Sarcandra species were observed by scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. The vessel elements with simple pits or (and) bor dered pits or (and) scalariform pits or (and) circular-scalariform pits in their secondary walls are 1200-1900 in length and all have scalariform multiperforation plates in which the numbers of bars are between 60 to 160.

Objective To investigate the role of induction of carbon monoxide (CO) with methylene chloride (MC) in recipients in ameliorating allograft rejection and prolonging allograft survival and to explore the possible mechanisms in a murine heart transplantation model.Methods Inbred male C57BL/6 mice were used as donors and inbred male Balb/c mice as recipients respectively to establish cervical heterotopic heart transplantation model.The experiments were divided into 3 groups.Recipients were treated with MC (100 mg/kg,per os) day 1 prior to transplantation to day 6 posttransplantation (group MC1w) or to day 13 posttransplantation (group MC2w),or treated with isovolumic olive oil day 1 prior to transplantation to cardiac arrest of allograft (group Tx).The serum TNF-α and IL-10 proteins,TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA,and Foxp3 mRNA and protein in cardiac grafts were measured respectively.The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Caspase-3 protein in cardiac grafts,and the histopathologic changes of cardiac grafts were also observed.Results Serum COHb levels in untreated mice were (0.85 ± 0.28)％.After MC application,serum COHb peaked within 3 h in recipients (5.24 ± 0,45)％ (P＜0.01 ).The median survival time of cardiac grafts in group MC1w(12.1 days) and group MC2w( 19.4 days) was longer than that in group Tx (6.3 days) (P ＜0.01). As compared with group Tx,induction of CO in group MC1w and group MC2w down-regulated significantly the levels of serum TNF-α (P＜0.01 ) and TNF-α mRNA (P＜0.01) of cardiac grafts and spleen in recipient mice,inhibited the protein expression of ICAM-1 (P＜0.01) and Caspase-3 (P＜0.01) of cardiac grafts,and inhibited,especially in group MC2w,the proliferation of lymphocytes and monocytes infiltration in cardiac grafts.There was no significant difference in serum IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA and protein in cardiac grafts and spleen of recipients among the groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Induction of CM in recipients could relieve cardiac allograft rejection and prolong cardiac allograft survival via its anti-inflammation and anti-apoptotic effects,not via up-regulation of Foxp3 in recipient mice.

Objective To examine whether the increase of carbon monoxide (CO) induced by oral methylene chloride (MC) administration in recipients before heart transplantation would protect heart grafts against isehemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with transplantation and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods Inbred male Balb/c mice were used as donors and recipients to establish cervical heart transplantation model Recipients were treated with either MC (100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg,per os)(group MC 100 mg,n=10;group MC 500 mg,n=12) or olive oil(0.15 ml,per os.group olive,n=10) 3 h prior to anesthesia.Age-matched norwlal mice served as controls (group N,n=5).The serum COHb and the CO content of myocardial tissue were measured at 0,1,3,6,12,24 h after oral MC administration.Half of recipients were killed at 3 and 24h after transplantation for senum or cardiac graft samples.The serum cTnI levels,the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-10,Bcl-2,Bax.the protein levels of NF-κB and the ultrastructures of myocardium were examined.Results As tompared with group olive.the serum COHb and tissue CO were increased significantly and peaked within 3 h in group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg.The serum cTnI levels in group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg were significantly decreased (P<0. 01 ), especially in group MC 500 mg. The increase of CO in recipients of group MC100 mg and group MC 500 mg significantly inhibited the proinflammatory gene expression of TNF-α mRNA and the pro-apoptotic gene expression of Bax mRNA (P<0. 01), and increased the anti-apoptotic gene expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (P<0. 01), but did not increase the anti-inflammatory gene expression of IL-10 mRNA (P>0. 05) in the heart grafts. As compared with group N, the myocardial NF-κB activation was increased significantly in group olive,group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg (P<0. 01 ), but there was no significant difference among the later three groups (P>0. 05). The myocardial ultrastructure was also alleviated significantly in group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg as compared with group N. Conclusion The increase of CO induced by MC in recipients suppresses pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic gene expression and efficiently ameliorates transplant-induced heart I/R injury. The possible mechanism does not seem to be associated with down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.005