Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity in China.Methods: The Cochrane reviewer's handbook was followed.Domestic published articles from 1989～2009 were selected by computer and handsearch.All these retrieved study were clinical control trials related to laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.The quality of included studies was critically evaluated and data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.0.1 software.Results: A tota1 of 114 articles were selected,but only 9 were included.The results showed that: although the data of immediate efficiency of laser treating dentin hypersensitivity could be combined,significant heterogeneity was found when the other studies' data were pooled.So the data could not be merged,only the descriptive analysis could be used.The immediate efficiency for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity using lasers was higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant[OR=3.83,95%CI(2.86,5.12)],other period of efficacy had a trend which was superior to the control group.Conclusion: Comparing with the control group,the desensitizing of dentin hypersensitivity with laser is more effective.However,because the literature quality of this study is not high,the above conclusion needs to be verified by larger sample-size,rigorously designed,randomized controlled clinical trials.

The orientational projections of the sensory fibres of axillary nerve to the substantia gelationsa (SG) of the spinal cord in rats were studied in accordance with the principle of transgangionic degeneration by using acid phosphatase technique. It was found that the afferent fibers of the axillary nerve projected chiefly to SG from the upper part of C_6 to the lower part of C_8 longitudinally. In a few rats, projections extended to the lower part of C_5 and upper part of T_1. In comparison with the available studies, a tendency of backward localization was noted. As to their transverse projections, the afferent fibres of the axillary nerve were found outside of the midline of SG, and mainly located in the lateral half of SG, at the 1/3 of median and the 1/3 of interior region. In the segments of C_7C_8 of some rats, the medial. 1/2 of the lateral half of SG was projected. It was found that the projection column from up downward had a tendency of extension toward lateral portion.

The orientational projections of sensory fibres of median nerve to the Substantia Gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord in rats were studied in accordance with the principle of transganglion degeneration by using the acid phosphatase technique. It was found longitudinally that the afferent fibres of the median nerve projected chiefly to SG from the upper part of C_5 to middle part of T_1. In a few rats, projections extended to middle and lower part of C_4 and lower part of T_1. In comparison with the records in anatomy literature and data from researches with HRP technique, a tendency of pre-positioning was noted. The regional projections of the afferent fibres of median nerve were found within the centre line of SG, and mainly in the region of the medial 1/4-1/2 of the medial half. In the segments of C_7-T_1 of a few rats, the whole area of the medial half of SG was projected. In observing the projections of the afferent fibres of median nerve, it was found that they have a tendency of lateralward increase from cranial portion to caudal portion.

The orientational projections of sensory fibres of radial nerve and ulnar nerve to the substantia gelatinosa(SG) of the spinal cord in rats were studied in accordance with the principle of transganglion degeneration by using the acid phosphatase technique.It was found that the affeernt fibers of the radial nerve projected chiefly to SG, from the upper part of C_6 to the middle part of T_1 longitudinally; the ulnar nerves projected chiefly to SG from the middle part of C_6 to the middle part of T_1.In their transverse projections,the afferent fibres of the radial nerve were mainly found in the region of the whole area of the middle 1/3 of SG; and the afferent fibres of ulnar nerve were found within the centre line of SG, and mainly in the region of the lateral 1/2～3/4 at medial half. In summary, radial nerve projected to the lateral region and ulnar nerve to the medial region of SG.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) are the ideal gene target cells and will have a bright future in the gene therapy of spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE :To detect the expression of glial cell line - derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) gene after BMSCs were infected by adenovirus-medialed GDNF (Adv-GDNF) in vitro and to explore its biological activity.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial study.SETTING: Laboratory of Orthopedic DepartmentMATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Orthopedic Department, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tong ji Meidcal College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Twenty-four SD rats of either gender, weighing (180 ± 20) g.INTERVENTIONS: BMSCs were infected by Adv-GDNF in vitro and then cocultured with spinal cord dorsal root ganglion. The three methods, immunofluorescent chemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were used to evaluate GDNF expression in the BMSCs. The biological activity of GDNF was observed by a phase contrast microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Primary outcomes:①RT-PCR;②results of immunofluorescent chemical examination;③biological activity of GDNF in vitro. Secondary outcomes:①culturing and identification of BMSCs②time-effect relationship of GDNF expression revealed by ELISA.RESULTS: Immunofluorescence displayed expression of GDNF in BMSCs 48hours after Adv-GNDF infection. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated expression of GDNF mRNA 24 hours after Adv-GNDF infection. ELISA confirmed the presence of GDNF in the liquid supernatant of BMSCs 24 hours after Adv-GDNF infectionn and showed that GDNF was secreted. The supernatant can promote the neurite outgrowth in the rat dorsal root ganglion(DRG).CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that BMSCs infected by Adv-GDNF can express GDNF steadily and the expressed GDNF has the activity of promoting neurite outgrowth, which lays a foundation of the GDNF gene therapy for spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate status and risk factors of drug resistance of smear-positive pulmonary tuber-culosis (TB)patients in Hunan Province,and provide reference for the prevention and control of drug-resistant TB. Methods 1 935 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT)complex strains identified by 20 TB prevention and control insti-tutes in Hunan Province between 2012 and 2014 were collected and performed drug susceptibility testing,and influ-encing factors associated with drug resistance of TB were analyzed statistically.Results Of 1 935 MT complex strains,1 207 (62.38%)were sensitive to 6 kinds of antituberculosis drugs,728 were drug-resistant strains,overall drug resistance rate was 37.62%;467 (24.13%)were multidrug-resistant (MDR)strains,64 of which were exten-sively drug-resistant (XDR)strains,XDR rate was 3.31 %,resistance rates from high to low were as follows:isoniazid(INH)29.32%,rifampicin(RFP)25.84%,streptomycin(SM)20.73%,thambutol(EMB)9.00%,ofloxa-cin(OFX)7.83%,and kanamycin(KM)2.21 %.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients hav-ing a history of treatment,aged 20-39 and 40-60 years old were risk factors for drug resistance and MDR of pul-monary TB.Among patients who failed in retreatment,OR (95% CI )of resistance to INH,RFP,SM,EMB, OFX,KM,and MDR were 13.5(9.9-18.4),21 .2(15.2-29.5),5.3(3.9-7.2),11 .9(7.6-18.7),7.6(4.6-12.6),7.9(3.6-17.5),and 25.0(17.7-35.1 )respectively;among patients who had recurrence,OR(95% CI ) of resistance to INH,RFP,SM,EMB,OFX,and MDR were 7.4(5.5 -10.0),10.3 (7.4 -14.2),3.5 (2.5 -4.8),7.3(4.5 -11 .9),4.1 (2.5 -6.8),and 12.2(8.7 -17.1 )respectively;among patients who failed in initial treatment,OR (95% CI )of resistance to INH,RFP,SM,EMB,and MDR were 7.6 (4.7 - 12.3 ),9.8 (5.9 -16.0),4.1(2.5-6.8),12.1(6.5-22.7),and 11 .4(6.9-18.9)respectively.Among patients aged 20-39 years old,OR (95% CI )of resistance to INH,RFP,SM,and MDR were 2.5 (1 .8 -3.4),3.6(2.5 -5.2),2.9(2.0-4.1),and 4.1(2.8 -6.1 )respectively;among patients aged 40 -60 years old,the OR (95% CI )of resistance to INH,RFP,SM,and MDR were 2.2(1 .6-3.0),3.1(2.2-4.4),2.3(1 .6-3.2),and 3.3(2.3 -4.7)respectively. Conclusion Drug resistance of smear-positive pulmonary TB patients is serious in Hunan Province,patients receiv-ing anti-tuberculosis treatment and aged between 20-60 years old have high risk for drug resistance and MDR.

Objective To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the leukocyle function in a rat denervated infect flap model and to investigate the action mechanison of VEGF in the flap anti-infection .Methods An island pedicle flap measured 2 cm × 2 cm was raised on the right abdomen of sixty wister rats ,which were divided into three groups .All flaps re-ceived intradermal inoculation of 107 Staphylococcus aureus ,and the animals were observed for 96 h .The indexes of the leukocyte count ,leukocyte vitality ,hemiluminescence of neutrophils ,tissue bacterial count ,naked eyes observation of falptissue and the light microscope observation were detected .Results The leukocyte count in the exudation at postoperative 96 h had no statistical differ-ences among 3 groups(P>0 .05);while in the indexes detection of the leukocyte vitality ,chemiluminescence of neutrophils ,tissue bacterial count ,etc .,the comparison between the chronic denervated group and the control group showed very significantly differ-ences(P<0 .01);the differences between the VEGF treatment group and the chronic denervated group was very significant (P<0 .01) .The falp pathological change in the control group and the VEGF treatment groups was slight .Conclusion The soft issue af-ter losing the innervation decreases the leukocyte function .VEGF might improve the flap micro circulation and play an important role in improving the leukocyte function .

By culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rabbits with fibrin glue in vitro, the biocompatibility of fibrin glue was investigated to study whether this material can be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. After 2-months old New Zealand rabbits had been anesthetized, about 4-6 ml of bone marrow were aspirated from rabbit femoral trochanter. The monocytes suspension was aspirated after bone marrow was centrifuged with lymphocyte separating medium and cultured primarily. Then the cells were divided into two groups: one was cultured with complete medium and the other with induced medium. The cells of the two groups were collected and inoculated to the culture plate containing fibrin glue. In the control group, cells were inoculated without fibrin glue. The implanted cells and materials were observed at different stages under a phase-contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. MTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew on the surface of fibrin glue and adhered to it gradually. Cells light absorption value (A value) and the ALP content showed no significant difference. Fibrin glue had no inhibitory effect on cell morphology, growth, proliferation and differentiation. It has good biocompatibility and can be used as scaffold materials for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering.
Biocompatible Materials/*pharmacology ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/*pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/*cytology ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo investigate caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province and correlation between caries of deciduous molars and first permanent molars.

METHODSReferenced to the sampling programme of the third national epidemiological survey of oral health status, a total of 714 children aged 6 were randomly sampled in clusters including 3 urban sampling spots and 3 rural sampling spots, the correlation between caries of deciduous molars and first permanent molars was explored.

RESULTSThe prevalence rate of deciduous tooth caries of 6-year-old children in Sichuan province was 74.37%, the mean number of dmft of 6-year-old was 3.94 +/- 3.93, the filling rate was only 4.96%. The prevalence rate and mean dmft of deciduous tooth caries showed no significant difference between different area and gender (P>0.05), however, the children came from city showed significant higher filling rate than those from countryside (P<0.05). The first permanent molars erupted have 2.98% in caries, the filling rate was 7.69%. Caries of deciduous molars was the first permanent molars caries risk factors among 6-year-old children in Sichuan province [P=0.001, r=0.175, OR=5.756, 95%CI (1.733, 19.121)]. There was weak correlation between caries of deciduous molars and first permanent molars (P<0.001, r=0.194).

CONCLUSIONCaries status of primary among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province are serious. Caries experience of deciduous molars may play an important role in predicting the first permanent molars caries in clinic and prevention.

Child ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Tooth, Deciduous