Objective To evaluate the outcome of posterior screw-rod fixation system in reduction and internal fixation of atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods A retrospective study was done on 27 patients with atlantoaxial instability including 18 male and 9 female (at age range of 13-51 years, mean 31 years) from January 2007 to May 2009. There were 11 patients with chronic odontoid fractures, five with isolated bone odontoid, seven with transverse ligament rupture of atlas and four with rheumatoid arthritis. Skeletal reduction was performed in all the patients. The anterior atlantodens interval (ADI)ranged from 8 mm to 15 mm, average 11 mm. All the patients underwent an intraoperative reduction by posterior C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screws with rod fixation. According to American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, there were eight patients at grade B, 15 at grade C and four at grade D. Results All patients were followed up for 6-24 months (average 13 months), which showed that the neck symptoms were improved, with bony union. The ADI was reduced to 2-4 mm (average 2.8 mm)postoperatively. Postoperative ASIA scale was grade C in four patients, grade D in 12 and grade E in 11.There were no neurologic or vascular complications occurred, or no failure of the internal fixtors, pseudarthrosis or instability. Conclusion Posterior screw-rod fixation system has advantages of simple procedures, few complications and good results and can be used for intraoperative reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a label-free molecular imaging technique, has been applied widely in the spatial localization of small molecule metabolites, lipids, peptides, and proteins, with its unique advantage of high spatial resolving power compared to traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).With the nonstop advancement of its achievable sensitivity and spatial resolution, MSI technique has been providing novel perspectives into the preclinical studies of drugs, such as in vivo localization of drugs and their metabolites, visualization of drug metabolism, and drug delivery tracking.This review introduces the basics of MSI techniques, including basic principles, key features, technical advantages, and limitations, with particular highlight of the recent applications of MSI in drug efficacy and safety evaluation, drug distribution research, drug delivery research, and analysis of Chinese medicine from recent publications, aiming to promote the utilization and further expansion of MSI in the research and development of drugs.

Lumbar spondylolysis is one of the common diseases of low back pain caused by spinal surgery. Its treatment options vary depending on different conditions, from early conservative ones to late surgical ones. There are still disputes over various conservative treatments, choice of surgical methods and the biomechanics of different internal fixation techniques to repair spondylolysis. Therefore, this review summarizes the clinical outcomes of previous clinical treatments of lumbar spondylolysis and the biomechanical characteristics of various techniques to find the mechanical and evidence-based clinical data that may facilitate the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.