Objective　To investigate the characteristics of changes in mean red blood cell volume in patients with DWI-negative cerebral infarction.Methods　The patients were divided into two groups:(1)DWI negative group:46 patients.(2)DWI positive group:59 patients.All patients underwent routine axial,coronal,and sagittal thin-section DWI examinations on a 3.0T MRI scanner.The general information of the patients was recorded,and the electrolyte levels,carbon dioxide binding capacity,blood lipids,renal function and coagulation function of the patients were determined.Plasma osmotic pressure was calculated.The patient’s white blood cells,red blood cells,platelets,hemoglobin,mean corpuscular volume (MCV),hematocrit,mean platelet volume,platelet volume,and mean platelet volume were measured.Results　There was no significant difference in plasma osmotic pressure,carbon dioxide binding capacity,blood calcium concentration,hematocrit,mean platelet volume,platelet volume and D-dimer level between the DWI-negative group and the DWI-positive group (P values equal to 0.290,0.558,0.113,0.090,0.401,0.460,0.510 respectively).Compared with the DWI-positive group,the mean corpuscular volume of the DWI-negative group increased (P=0.009).Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in mean red blood cell volume was an independent factor for DWI-negative cerebral infarction (OR=2.864,95%CI 1.385~5.360,P=0.003).Conclusion　Patients with negative imaging on DWI sequences are characterized by increased mean corpuscular volume in the blood.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on neuron injury indexes,inflammatory factors and spinal cord function of cervical operation patients. METHODS:Totally of 112 patients underwent cervical operation of general anesthesia in our hospital during May 2015 to Nov. 2017 were divided into control group and dexmedetomidine group according to random number table,with 56 cases in each group. Anesthesia of both groups was totally maintained by intravenous anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine group was given intravenous infusion of Dexmeimidine hydrochloride injection with loading dose of 0.8 μg/kg and injection time of more than 10 min before anesthesia maintenance,and then was continuously pumped to 30 min before operation at the rate of 0.4 μg/(kg·h). The levels of neuron injury indexes (GFAP,NSE,MMP-9) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10)of 2 groups were observed before anesthesia induction(T0),1 h after operation(T1),1 d after operation (T2),7 d after operation (T3). Japanese Orthopedics Academy (JOA) scores of cervical vertebra were observed in 2 groups before operation and 7 d after operation,and VAS scores were also observed in 2 groups 1 d and 7 d after operation. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Each 3 patients of 2 groups withdrew from the study,and each 53 patients of 2 groups completed the study. There was no statistical significance in neuron injury indexes or serum levels of inflammatory factors between 2 groups at T0 (P>0.05). At T1-T3,above indexes of both groups were significantly higher than at T0;the levels of GFAP,NSE,MMP-9,TNF-α and IL-6 in dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than control group,while the level of IL-10 was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in JOA score or VAS score between 2 groups before operation or 1 d after operation (P>0.05). Seven days after operation,JOA scores of 2 groups were increased significantly,while VAS scores were decreased significantly,with statistical significance(P<0.05);but there was no statistical significance between 2 groups (P>0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Additional use of dexmedetomidine before anesthesia maintenance can improve the serum levels of inflammatory factors in cervical operation patients,and relieve neuron spinal cord and injury to certain extent,but would not influence the safety of drug use.

Objective To analyze the surveillance data after schistosomiasis transmission interruption from 1985 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the future prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods The data pertaining to snail survey, surveillance of schistosomiasis in humans and livestock, and health education were collected and analyzed in Songjiang District after schistosomiasis transmission interruption from 1985 to 2018. Results From 1985 to 2018, there were 8 townships, 68 villages and 1 462 settings with snails in Songjiang District, covering an area of 96.399 hm². There were 4 townships and 59 villages with snails newly identified in previously schistosomiasis non-endemic areas, with emerging snail habitats of 60.161 hm². A total of 26 148 snails were captured, and no infections were detected. The snail habitats were mainly distributed in the river course, ditches and farmlands, which accounted for 45.28%, 33.17% and 21.55% of total snail habitats, respectively. A total of 245 955 humans were subjected to the serological test, with a positive rate of 0.03%, and 37 humans were subjected to the parasitological test, with 3 positives detected. These three egg-positives were all imported chronic cases with schistosomiasis. A total of 9 109 livestock were detected using the serological test, and no infection was found. Most of the awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the rate of correct behavior formation were over 80% in residents and students. Conclusions The achievements of schistosomiasis control are consolidated in Songjiang District; however, there are still risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission, including residual snails, snail diffusion and importation of external source of infection. The future surveillance of schistosomiasis should focus on snails and sources of infection.

【Objective】 To analyze the clinical characteristics of stone culture and preoperative urine culture of patients with renal calculi in Songjiang area of Shanghai and the relationship with postoperative infection. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 213 patients with kidney stones treated at our hospital during Jan.2020 and Jun.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent preoperative clean midcourse urine culture, drug sensitivity test and stone culture. The gender difference between male and female patients and the difference in postoperative infection between stone/bacterial culture positive and negative patients were analyzed. 【Results】 Among the 213 patients, 47(22.1%) had positive urine culture, and the most common bacterium was Escherichia coli (20 strains, 42.6%). The proportion of Escherichia coli was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients [12 strains (48.0%) vs.8 strains (36.4%), P<0.05], while the proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly higher in male patients than in female patients [5 strains (22.7%) vs. 3 strains (12.0%), P<0.05]. Drug sensitivity results showed the main Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin and cefuroxime, but sensitive to imipenem, kanamycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The main Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin and levofloxacin, but sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Stone culture was positive in 31 cases (14.6%), and the most common bacterium was Proteus mirabilis (9 strains, 29.0%). However, there was no significant difference in the main bacterial spectrum between male and female patients. The positive rate of urine culture/stone culture in patients with postoperative fever/urosepsis was significantly higher than that in patients with negative urine culture/stone culture (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Escherichia coli is the main urinary spectrum of patients with kidney stones in Songjiang area, which is greatly different from the stone culture results. In clinical practice, etiological detection and antibiotics are necessary to reduce the occurrence of postoperative infection.

ObjectiveTo describe different non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） outcomes among community inhabitants， and further to explore the correlation between bio-indicator level variance and the outcomes. MethodsPhysical indicators （height， weight， waist circumstances， hip circumstances， blood pressure， etc）， biochemical indicators ［fasting plasma glucose， HbA1c， serum triglycerides（TG）， serum total cholesterol（TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）， liver related transaminase， etc］ and clinical imaging （B-scan ultrasonography） were collected during the follow-up from the Songjiang Natural Population Sub-cohort. The identification of NAFLD was supported by the definition criteria from Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non⁃alcoholic fatty liver disease. Paired t-test and multifactorial logistic regression model were used to compare the difference between the indicator level of the subjects from different outcome subgroups and to further analyze the correlation between these indicator variance and different NAFLD outcomes. ResultsDuring a median follow-up time of 2.94 years， 12 076 subjects were involved. The cumulative NAFLD incidence and remission rate were 21.57% and 31.15%， respectively. The proportion of subjects who still had NAFLD was 27.96%. Among subjects with newly-developed NAFLD， indicators including blood pressure， BMI， fasting plasma glucose， and plasma lipid level increased， while in the remission subgroup， blood pressure， BMI（WHR）， waist-hip ratio（WHR）， and TG level were significantly decreased. Increased level of systolic pressure， WHR， BMI， HbA1c， and LDL-C might be the risk factors to the occurrence of NAFLD. While decreased level of WHR， BMI， TC and LDL-C level and elevated HDL-C level were likely to be the influencing factors of NAFLD remission process. ConclusionThe NAFLD morbidity in the community inhabitants is relatively high. BMI， WHR， fasting plasma sugar and plama lipid level variance may act as the influencing factors towards different NAFLD outcomes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the comorbidity of community patients with stroke in Songjiang District， Shanghai， determine the prevalence and characteristics of comorbidities and influencing factors， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of stroke. MethodsA natural population-based cohort study was conducted in several communities of Songjiang District from April 2016 to October 2017. Questionnaire survey， physical examination and biochemical examination were conducted in the cohort population to understand the comorbidity of 1 523 patients with stroke at baseline. ResultsThe prevalence of comorbidities in community patients with stroke was 74.0%， which was higher in female （76.36%） than that in male （70.76%）. The average number of comorbidities was 2.62±1.56， which was significantly higher in female （2.70±1.58） than that in male （2.52±1.54） （t=-2.31， P=0.021）. In this population， the most common two-comorbidity combination was hypertension+central obesity （35.85%）， and the most common three-comorbidity combination was hypertension+dyslipidemia+central obesity （17.20%）， with statistically significant differences by gender and age groups （P<0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years， urban population， hyperhomocysteinemia （HHcy）， and family history of hypertension were risk factors associated with comorbidities， whereas educational level of middle school and high school， and physical exercise 1‒3 days per week were protective factors. ConclusionPrevalence of comorbidity is high in community patients with stroke in Songjiang District， Shanghai. It is suggested to control blood pressure and body weight， adopt healthy lifestyle and take comprehensive prevention and treatment measures in this population.

Objective To understand the quality of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis within three years after treatment， determine its related factors， and make suggestions for improving the short-term quality of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after treatment. Methods A telephone survey was used to investigate registered tuberculosis patients in Shanghai in 2018 using the short form 12 （SF-12） and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） assessment test questionnaire （CAT）. Results A total of 975 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who had completed the treatment were included in the study. The total physiological score was determined to be 49.18±10.25， and the total psychological score was 50.27±8.03 （t=5.62，P<0.000 1）. The average CAT score was 13.31±6.08. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that quality of life was positively associated with high educational level， high monthly family income， and frequent physical exercise， whereas negatively associated with comorbidities， low self-care ability， and changing jobs. Conclusion We should pay more attention to the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis coexistent with COPD and other lung diseases. Measures should be implemented for the improvement in the quality of life， including providing financial support， encouraging regular exercise， and improving lung function.

ObjectiveTo obtain the status of latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI） among tuberculosis （TB）-related health-care workers （HCWs） in Shanghai， and to explore the risk factors related to TB infection. MethodsA multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting medical workers from multiple designated TB hospitals， centers for disease control and prevention， and community health service centers in Shanghai. Each subject was required to complete a questionnaire and to provide a blood sample for TB infection test. Univariate and multivariate analysis ware made in order to find risk factors relating to TB infection. ResultsA total of 165 medical workers were recruited， and the proportion of TB infection was 16.36% （95%CI： 11.49%‒22.76%）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that clinical doctors and nurses （adjusted OR=9.756， 95%CI： 1.790‒53.188）， laboratory staffs （adjusted OR=78.975， 95%CI： 8.749‒712.918）， and nursing and cleaning workers （adjusted OR=89.920， 95%CI： 3.111‒2 598.930） had higher risk of TB infection. ConclusionThe overall LTBI prevalence among TB-related HCWs is low. However， working as doctors， nurses， laboratory staffs， nursing workers and cleaning workers are risk factors of TB infection. TB-related HCWs who work at hospitals are at risk of TB infection comparing to medical staffs who work outside hospitals.

Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Decision Trees