Objective To explore the effect of comprehensively-designed experiment teaching methodology in the teaching of geriatric nursing. Methods Sixty-three nursing students in the grade of 2010 were assigned into the experiment group, where the comprehensively-designed experiment teaching methodology were adopted. And the fifty-eight nursing students in the grade of 2009 were assigned as the control group, where the traditional experiment teaching methods were adopted. The two groups were compared in terms of theory test scores and evaluations to the two teaching methods. Result The theory examination score and students'evaluation in the experiment were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensively-designed experiment teaching method used in the teaching of geriatric nursing is beneficial for the students to improve their interest in learning, cultivate their comprehensive quality, shorten the gap between the experimental teaching and clinical practice and improve the teaching effect of geriatric nursing.

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Zhejiang province from 2005 to 2014, and to identify the cluster spots.Methods TB notification data in Zhejiang province from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed at county and district level by using spatial scan statistic analysis method, which was showed on the digital map.Results In zhejiang province from 2005 to 2014, a total of 377 707 cases of patients with tuberculosis were reported.The average annual registration rates of the entire province was 72.61/100 000 (range: 28.85/100 000-182.90/100 000).Spatial analysis identified 14 clusters (RR=1.05-1.62) with statistical significance.Temporal analysis revealed that there were clusters between 2005 and 2009 in terms of the notification data on TB cases (RR=1.27,P=0.001).Spatio-temporal analysis identified 6 clusters (RR=1.19-3.55) with statistical significance.Counties and districts included in the first class cluster were similar by using the two different methods-spatial analysis and spatial-temporal analysis.Conclusions There is a descending trend of TB cases notification rates from western to eastern Zhejiang during the study period.The distribution of the TB case notified is not random at spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal levels.

Objective To explore the applications and effect of experience-based health education in maternal nursing in community.Methods According to the random number table,150 women pregnant for the first time were divided into control group and observation group with 75 in each group. In the control group,the traditional method for health education was used and in the observation group the experience-based teaching based on traditional health education.The two groups were compared in terms of the awareness rate of knowledge about maternal and infant health care and the incidence of postpartum depression.Result The awareness of knowledge about maternal and infant health care in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the incidence of postpartum depression in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Experience-based health education can improve the level of knowledge about maternal and infant health care and reduce the incidence of maternal postpartum depression.

The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 111 cancer patients were isolated and cultured respectively for 23 - 27 days in the medium mainly conditioned by IL-2 and PHA. With ~(125) I-UdR release method, sampling in random way, we examed the cytotoxicities of PBLs and lymphokine-activated-killer (LAK) cells in different culture periods in vitro. The statistic analysis on sufficient data gave the following results: 1. The cytotoxicity against K562 cells increased from 34.78 ?25% of the PBLs to 68.04 ?17.3% of the cells cultured for 8-13 days, afterward, kept about 70% to 23 - 27 days. The constitutional proportion patterns showed that the freshly isolated samples dispersed at a wide range of cytotoxicities (10 - 90%), and that most of the cultured samples ( ~ 85%) concentrated on the range of higher cytotoxicities (50 ~ 95% ) after 8-13 days. 2. The cytotoxicity against Raji cells rose from 8.9 ?8% of the fresh PBLs to 42.1 ?22% of the LAK cells at 8 - 13 days, and maintained about 35% in the following periods. The constitutional proportion patterns of the cytotoxicity against Raji illustrated that all the fresh PBL samples were below 25% of cytotoxicity, and that during the culture, one part of the samples ( ~ 30%) acquired the higher cytotoxicities (50 -90% ), but the other part of the samples ( - 40%) remained at lower cytotoxicities (below 35% ) . The mechanisms behind these phenomena are worth further investigating.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis ( PTB ) incidence and mortality in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the PTB control strategy. Methods: The data regarding the PTB patients in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The reported cases and deaths of PTB cases were descriptively analyzed by time, population and regions. Results: A total of 129 985 PTB cases were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2020, and the overall reported incidence rate of PTB was 45.81/105, with a tendency toward a decline in the reported incidence ( χ2trend=298.899, P<0.001 ) and an annual decline rate of 3.72%. The prevalence rates of rifampicin resistance, positive etiological tests, negative etiological tests and no etiological results were 1.51%, 47.17%, 46.67% and 4.65%, respectively. A total of 546 PTB deaths occurred in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2020, and the reported mortality of PTB was 0.19/105, with a tendency towards a decline ( χ2trend=10.818, P<0.001) and an annual decline rate of 11.99%.The prevalence rates of rifampicin resistance, positive etiological tests, negative etiological tests and no etiological results were 1.83%, 82.97%, 13.37% and 1.83%, respectively. The highest reported incidence ( 92.18/105 ) and mortality ( 1.19/105 ) of PTB was found in patients aged 65 years and older, and farmer was the predominant occupation of PTB cases (60 774 cases, 46.75%) and dead PTB cases ( 345 cases, 63.19% ). In addition, the top three cities with the highest incidence of PTB included Quzhou City ( 66.43/105 ), Jinhua City ( 64.24/105 ) and Lishui City ( 53.91/105 ), and the top three cities with the highest mortality of PTB included Quzhou City ( 0.67/105 ), Lishui City ( 0.27/105 ) and Jiaxing City ( 0.26/105 ). Conclusions Both the reported incidence and mortality of PTB appeared a tendency towards a decline in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2020; however, the proportion of positive etiological tests increased. Higher attention should be paid to the elderly aged 65 years and older and and farmers, and active screening and health education are recommended; in addition, PTB control requires to be intensified in highly prevalent regions, including Quzhou City, Jinhua City and Lishui City.

Objective To identify precipitating factors of a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in a school and discuss the importance of index case detection on outbreak monitoring,follow up and related control measures.Methods A case survey of the index patient was conducted to evaluate the illness severity and infectious duration of the case.The initial response to this case was surveyed to understand the factors leading to the outbreak.Results A total of 25 TB cases were detected in the outbreak,including 14 cases in one class.The risk of catching TB among the classmates of the index case was 10.74 times higher than that among students in other classes (x2=42.31,P＜0.001).Although the index case had typical TB symptom of cough and expectoration,TB was not diagnosed until pulmonary cavity was detected by chest radiograph one month later.Among 64 close contacts,56 (87.5％) completed TB screening,52 (92.9％) were purified protein derivative positive.No TB cases were detected.Conclusion The factors leading to the outbreak included delayed diagnoses of the index case,no chemoprophylaxis taken by the close contacts; poor surveillance and follow-up for close contacts.

A 1 270 bp full-length cDNA fragment was obtained from the Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain) adult cDNA library after the 3′ and 5′ ends of the incomplete expression sequence tag (EST) of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase of Schistosoma japonicum (SjHGPRT) were amplified by the anchored PCR with 2 pairs of primer that were designed according to the published incomplete SjHGPRT EST and the sequence of multiclone sites of library ?gt11 vector. Sequence analysis indicated that this fragment, with an identity of 82% to hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase of Schistosoma mansoni (SmHGPRT), contained a complete open reading frame(ORF). The deduced amino acid sequence showed 83% identity to that of SmHGPRT. This fragment was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pQE30, and subsequently sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. SDS-PAGE revealed that M of the recombinant protein was about 28 ku. Western-blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by the polyclonal antisera from rabbits immunized with Schistosoma japonicum adult worm antigen. Mice vaccinated with recombinant protein revealed significant worm burden, liver eggs per gram (LEPG), fecal eggs per gram (FEPG) and intrauterine eggs of the female worms reduction percentage, compared with the controls. Taken together, the SjHGPRT full-length cDNA can be cloned and expressed in E.coli as a recombinant protein that elicited immunity against the challenge infection with Schistosoma japonicum, indicating its potential as a partial protection vaccine candidate.

A 1 270 bp full-length cDNA fragment was obtained from the Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain) adult cDNA library after the '3' and 5' ends of the incomplete expression sequence tag (EST) of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase of Schistosoma japonicum (SjHGPRT) were amplified by the anchored PCR with 2 pairs of primer that were designed according to the published incomplete SjHGPRT EST and the sequence of multiclone sites of library λgt1 1 vector. Sequence analysis indicated that this fragment, with an identity of 82% to hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase ofSchistosoma mansoni (SmHGPRT), contained a complete open reading frame(ORF). The deduced amino acid sequence showed 83% identity to that of SmHGPRT. This fragment was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pQE30, and subsequently sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. SDS-PAGE revealed that M of the recombinant protein was about 28 ku. Western-blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by the polyclonal antisera from rabbits immunized with Schistosoma japonicum adult worm antigen. Mice vaccinated with recombinant protein revealed significant worm burden, liver eggs per gram (LEPG), fecal eggs per gram (FEPG) and intrauterine eggs of the female worms reduction percentage, compared with the controls. Taken together, the SjHGPRT full-length cDNA can be cloned and expressed in E. coli as a recombinant protein that elicited immunity against the challenge infection with Schistosoma japonicum, indicating its potential as a partia1 protection vaccine candidate.

Objective:To investigate the specific chest computed tomography(CT) features of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate its clinical diagnostic value.Methods:The clinical data of 35 cases with suspected COVID-19 from Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from January 1 to February 14, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 17 cases with positive results of two times of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) were evaluated as the case group, and the remaining 18 cases with negative results of two times of RT-PCR for 2019-nCoV were evaluated as the control group. The features of chest CT images of 35 cases were obtained. The frequencies of four CT imaging indicators including ground glass opacities (GGO), crazy paving, heterogeneous consolidation and mutiple subpleural lesions were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for COVID-19 were calculated.Results:In the case group, there were 11 cases with GGO, seven cases with crazy paving, six cases with heterogeneous consolidation, and 16 cases with mutiple subpleural lesions, while in the control group, there were seven cases with GGO, one case with crazy paving, six cases with heterogeneous consolidation, and five cases with mutiple subpleural lesions. When multiple subpleural lesions or any two of the CT imaging indicators were used as the characteristic indicators, the diagnosis efficiencies were better, with the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Youden index of 94.12%, 72.22%, 76.19%, 98.86% and 0.66, respectively, and 88.24%, 77.78%, 78.95%, 87.50% and 0.66, respectively.Conclusions:Chest CT indictors are of high clinical diagnostic value for COVID-19. Any two of the four CT indicators (GGO, crazy paving, heterogeneous consolidation and mutiple subpleural lesions) or the single characteristics (mutiple subpleural lesions) are of high diagnostic efficacy.

Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection with important branches involved is more complex, could lead to organ malperfusion syndrome even organ failure. The understanding of pathological anatomy, classification, staging, and the pathophysiological change has increasingly mature, but not complete. In addition, the treatment strategy for complex lesions is diversified, some questions may not reach consensus. Fully understanding of the anatomical and pathophysiology is very important for surgeons to choose reasonable treatment strategy. As the rapid development of the basic research, imaging techniques and the concept of surgery procedures, the manage technique of Stanfrod type A dissection and branch vessels at the same time is getting seriously, the related issues also need further discussions.