Objective To review the study of noninvasive imaging methods for evaluating liver fibrosis.Meth- ods The current literatures on the use of the ultrasonography,CT and MRI for the evaluation of liver fibrosis were reviewed.The principles,applications and advancement of each imaging methods were described and summarized re- spectively.The features of the newly developed imaging techniques were also discussed.Results In addition to the morphologic information,the imaging examinations can also provide functional information about the circulation sta- tus,diffusion and metabolism features of liver.The potential diagnostic value of MR elastography for liver fibrosis has been addressed.Conclusion The imaging examinations,especially the functional MRI techniques,are reliable noninvasive alternatives for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis,with bright potentiality for clinical application.

Objective We have examined tumor suppressor gene p53 from N- methyl - N- nitrosourea (MNU ) induced the col - orectal tumors in rats. Methods PCR, SSCP and DNA sequence analysis. Results In colorectal tumors induced by MNU, the mobil- ity shifts of p53 gene mutation were observed, p53 gene mutation was a deletion at third position C of codon 244 in exon7. Conclu- sion The present study suggested that MNU induces rat p53 mutations in the colorectal tumors.

In this paper,a number of valuable experiences focusing on teaching idea,cultivation of high-quality teachers and deepening of teaching content and method reform were summarized through exploring the construction and practice of the national excellent course-medical genetics. Aim of the ex-ploration is provide references for the construction and application of national excellent course and its sus-tainable development.

AIM: In order to search carrier material and better tissue culture method, the morphology and structure of the cultured cat corneal endothelium was observed. METHODS: The cat corneal endothelial cells were seeded on the Descemet's membrane of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma, and then cultured in the medium with epidermal growth factor and laminin for 7 days. The morphology and structure of reconstructed tissue was tested by the inverted microscope and the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: As shown by the morphological observations, the cultured cat corneal endothelial cells formed an integrated membrane, and attached to the Descemet's membrane, which was similar to the nature tissue. The cells connected tightly to each other, and some of them arranged in hexagon approximately. CONCLUSION: The cat corneal endothelial cells could be rebuilt on the carrier of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma successfully, which is similar to the nature tissue.

BACKGROUND:Differences exist between the action execution of the dominant hand and the nondominant hand during daily lives. With the increasing of the age, the dominant hand and the nondominant hand play an equaly important role in the action execution and implementation during daily lives. Previous studies mainly focus on the muscle strength of upper limbs. However, studies on the influence of joint dynamic characteristics and trajectory deviation on the occupational activities have been increased gradualy. The three-dimension motion capture and analysis have become the reliable and valid standard of the assessment of the upper limb movement. OBJECTIVE:By using the three-dimensional kinematic analyze method, to colect the data of the healthy elderly people using the upper limbs to drink water respectively with the cups of different weights and to investigate whether there is a difference between dominant and nondominant hands under different weight-bearing conditions based on upper limb kinematics METHODS: Sixteen right-handed elder people were chosen to be the experimental subjects. The upper limb motion of drinking water with different weight was captured by Vicon Nexus. By Data modeling and trajectory filtering with pipeline and data normalizing with the Matlab, the three-dimensional angle and peak value of the velocity of the should, elbow and wrist joint in the bilateral upper limbs were analyzed and compared when lifting the cups of 100, 200 and 500 g. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The most significant difference could be found in the three-dimensional movement angle of the elbow joint when holding the weights: there were significant differences in 100 g horizontal plane (X axis) and sagittal plane (Z axis), 200 g frontal plane (Y axis) and sagittal plane (Z axis), and 500 g three-dimensional plane (P < 0.05). Difference could be found in the peak value of three-dimension angular velocity in the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints: 100 g (shoulder jointPx=0.01; elbow jointPy=0.048,Pz=0.007), 200 g (elbow jointPy=0.033,Pz=0.005; wrist joint Py=0.035), 500 g (elbow jointPy=0.027,Pz=0.006) had significant differences (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the movement angle and angular velocity when holding different weights with the ipsilateral upper limb (P > 0.05). These results show that there is a difference in the movement angle and angular velocity between the dominant hand and the nondominant hand when drinking water. A great change of movement angle could be found in the X axis of the elbow joint in the dominant hand, and a great change of the movement angle could be found in the Z axis of the elbow joint in the nondominant hand. The angluar velocity in the Y axis has better changes than in the Z axis. The size of the weights has no effect on the movement of bilateral upper limbs.

Objective To investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide on human coronary smooth muscle cells(HCSMCs). Method After the subculture of HCASMCs, cells were divided into 4 groups: control group and three arsenic trioxide (4.0 μmol/L) groups as the arsenic agent co-cultured with cells for 12,24 and 48 h. Flow cytometry and TUNEL were used for counting the ntmnber of cell apoptosis. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of E2F-1 mRNA and Western blot was used to measure the levels of Bcl-2 ond Bax. Results Arsenic trioxide inhibited the proliferation of HCASMCs. When arsenic trioxide was 4.0 μmol/L, the living cells were ( 8.44 ±0.10) × 105/mL,signifiantly than that of control group (16.44 ± 1.34) × 105/mL, P ＜ 0.05. This inhibition of proliferation cycle was produced by affecting S and G2-M phase, which did not appear in the control group. Apoptotic cells increased from 16.0% ± 3.1% to 38.7% ± 2.7% (P ＜ 0.05) detected by TUNEL. The arsenic agnet decreased the Bcl-2 level and increased Bax. The expression of E2F-1 mRNA was decreased in 4.0 μmol/L arsenic trioxide group. Conclusions Arsenic trioxide exerts the apoptotic effect on human coronary smooth muscle cells.

Objective To investigate the apoptotic effects of arsenic trioxide on E2F-1 and EMAP-Ⅱ of hu-man coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). Method HCASMCs proliferated after culturing cells.Cells were divided into 4 groups: control group and arsenic trioxide (4.0μmol/L) 12 h group, 24 h group and 48 h group. Flow cytometry was used for counting number of apoptotic cells, RT-PCR was used for detecting the ex-pression of E2F-1 mRNA and Western blot was employed to get the level of EMAP-Ⅱ. Results Arsenic trioxide inhibited the proliferation of HCASMCs (living cells in 4.0 μmol/L arsenic trioxide were (8.44±0.10)×10~5/mL vs. control (16.44±1.34)×10~5/m (P <0.05), and the 4.0μmol/L arsenic trioxide inhibited proliferation cy-cle via affecting S and G2M phases, while those were not found in control group. E2F-1 mRNA expression was de-creased in 4.0 μmol/L arsenic trioxide group. Western blot test showed EMAP- Ⅱ level was also decreased in 4.0 μmol/L arsenic trioxide group. Conclusions Arsenic trioxide has apoptotic effect on smooth muscle cells of hu-man coronary artery and decrease the expression of E2F-1 mRNA and the level of EMAP- Ⅱ.

AIM: To investigate the influence of the cornus officinalis glycosides (COG) on immunological function of corneal transplantation model of rats, and to clarify the immunosuppressive mechanism of COG through observing the activation of lymphocytes in blood. METHODS: Wister rats were used as recipients and SD rats were used as corneal graft donors, then the corneal allografts transplantation model on the closed colony rats were set up. Splenocytes proliferation and mixed lymphocyte reaction of Wister rats activated by ConA were observed. The phenotype change of CD4, CD8, CD25 in blood in different time postoperatively were observed by the di-sign flow cytometry, and the rate of CD4/CD8 was calculated. RESULTS: 1. The COG suppressed the proliferation of T lymphocytes and one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction on the corneal allografting. 2. The phenotype change of lymphocytes in boold was as follows: there was no significant difference between the different time of the CD4, CD8 expression and the CD4/CD8 rate in blood of the control group. The CD4 positive cells expressed CD25 postoperatively increased obviously. The CD4/CD8 rate of medicine group had the tendency to decrease. The CD4 positive cells expressed CD25 postoperation in the medicine group were less than that in the control group obviously. CONCLUSION: The suppression of the T lymphocyte proliferation, mixed lymphocyte reaction, CD molecule expressed by the activated T lymphocytes and the IL-2 receptor expression may be the main immunosuppressive mechanisms of Cornus officinalis glycosides on the cell-mediated immunity.

AIM: To observe the effect of cornus of ficinalis glycosides(COG) ophthalmic solution on the corneal allograft rejection by topical instillation. METHODS: The corneal transplantation model on the closed colony rats was established. The rejection time of all animals was recorded and compared by slit-lamp microscope. The pathologic changes were measured by immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscope.RESULTS: The histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings showed that the lymphocytes, neovascularity and the expression of ICAM-1 in COG-treated group were significantly fewer than that in control group at 15 d after operation.CONCLUSION: COG ophthalmic solution prevents and suppresses the corneal allograft rejection.

BACKGROUNDOver-expression of RAB5A gene has been proved to be associated with neoplasia metastasis. This study is to explore the effect of RAB5A gene on invasion and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.

METHODSConstituted basement membrane invasion technique, adhesion capability of tumor cell assay, the chemotactic migration of tumor cells assay, and gelatinases SDS-PAGE analysis method were used to detect the changes of invasive and metastatic capability of Anip973 (with high metastatic capability) and its parent AGZY83-a cell lines (with low metastatic capability).

RESULTSAfter AGZY83-a cells were transfected by PcDNA3.1-RAB5A plasmid, its invasion was significantly increased (t=24.36, P < 0.000 5); adhesion capability of cell was promoted (P < 0.05); the chemotactic migration of cells was higher than that of the parent lines (t=14.18, P < 0.000 5); and the activity of gelatinases secreted from transfected AGZY83-a was enhanced. The invasion of the transfected Anip973 cells with PcDNA3-AntiRAB5A was lower (t= 16.510 4, P < 0.002 5); adhesion capability of cell was decreased (P < 0.05); the chemotactic migration of cells was lower than that of the parent lines (t=6.062, P < 0.005); and the activity of gelatinases was obviously decreased.

CONCLUSIONSThis study in vitro indicates that over-expression of RAB5A genes plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastatic phenotype formation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells; and antisense RNA can interrupt the translation of RAB5A gene.